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No evidence of predator odor avoidance in a North American bird community

Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 133-138页

作者： Austin Dotta Batur Yaman Alex Van Huynh Department of Biology DeSales University2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPAUSA

Recent advances in our understanding of avian chemical communication have highlighted the importance of olfaction in many aspects of avian *** studies investigating predator avoidance behaviors in response to predator odor cues have produced mixed results across species and *** we assess if a community of birds in eastern Pennsylvania displays avoidance behaviors towards predator odor cues in a natural foraging *** use clay caterpillars to measure foraging activity by birds in the presence of predator(bobcat)urine,non-predator(rabbit)urine,and water controls in two different environmental contexts(field ***).Although we detected a weak trend for birds to forage less at predator urine-treated sites,we found no significant difference in avian foraging between the site *** did find that foraging rates between environmental contexts changed significantly over the course of the experiment,with forest sites showing decreasing foraging rates and field sites showing increasing foraging *** results reinforce the published literature that avoidance of predator odors by birds may not be ubiquitous across contexts and species.

关键词： Foraging Odor Olfaction Predation Predator-avoidance

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刑侦与美术的结缘

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警界科海 2004年第1期 33-35页

作者： KacherineRamsland 黄健生宾夕法尼亚州desales大学教授审判心理学不详

刑侦美术即利用美术的方法和技术提供视觉信息，协助调查案件和识别及拘捕罪犯，并为法律程序提供帮助。权威性著作《刑侦美术与图解》的作者凯伦·T·泰勒认为，刑侦美术可分为4类：①合成肖像(来自证人的描述或证据)；②肖像的修改和... 详细信息

刑侦美术即利用美术的方法和技术提供视觉信息，协助调查案件和识别及拘捕罪犯，并为法律程序提供帮助。权威性著作《刑侦美术与图解》的作者凯伦·T·泰勒认为，刑侦美术可分为4类：①合成肖像(来自证人的描述或证据)；②肖像的修改和识别(增强和比铰)；③有说服力的证据(用于法庭)；④再现和尸检协助(身份识别)。

关键词：刑侦美术罪案现场刑侦技术手绘画像

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Net Pension Liability Impact on School Districts after Incorporation of Governmental Accounting Standards Boards (GASB) Statement Number 68

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Journal of Business Administration Research 2019年第1期2卷 45-53页

作者： Michael J.Gallagher Emily F.Gallagher desales university 2755 Station AvenueCenter ValleyPA 18034USA Axalta Inc.4601 Allegiant StreetCenter ValleyPA 18034USA

This paper analyzes twenty school districts in the state of Pennsylvania and applies ratio analysis to understand the potential effect of GASB number 68 on the financial statements of these *** financial statements were picked on a random basis from the Electronic Municipal Market Access[1]*** is a research and data retrieval system of the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board(MSRB).The MSRB provides resources to trade municipal bonds and access to the financial statements of entities selling these *** paper was developed as a result of the requirement by GASB to“recognize their long-term obligation for pension benefits as a liability for the first time,and to more comprehensively and comparably measure the annual costs of pension benefits”[2].The public schools in Pennsylvania incorporated GASB number 68 for the fiscal year ended June 30,2015 and restated the financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30,*** effects of these restatements created a situation where most of these districts now show a negative fund balance caused by an increase of liabilities of over one hundred *** of the decision makers are uncertain of the long-term changes that this recognition will have on the operations of the school *** ratings have suffered because of the volatility and uncertainty causing negative effects on the balance sheet,increased current recognition of pension expenses,and a possible interest rate *** of these effects are illustrated in this *** is at a time where many people are questioning the performance of many of the school districts.

关键词： Pensions Governmental accounting Government Accounting Standards Board Concept Statement#68

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