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Thermal degradation and decomposition Kinetics of Freeze Dried Cow and Camel Milk as well as Their Constituents

Journal of food Science and Engineering 2011年第2期1卷 77-84页

作者： K. V. Sunooj J. George V. A. Sajeev Kumar K. Radhakrishna A. S. Bawa department of food Science and Technology Pondicherry University R. Venkataraman Nagar Pondicherry 605014 India de fence food research laboratory Siddarthanagar Mysore 570011 India

A study was conducted to evaluate thermal properties and degradation kinetic parameters of FD cow milk and camel milk powder. FT-IR was used to confirm the fat removal from the whole milk powder. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the thermal transitions. DSC thermograms of WMP showed a two-step endotherm, the former at lower temperatures (cow milk 16-35 °C, camel milk 25-60 °C) and the later at higher temperatures (cow milk 75-125 °C, camel milk 90-160 °C). The main difference observed between cow and camel milk was peak maximum temperature for fat melting, ΔH and other decomposition temperatures. The enthalpy of fat melting was 2.314 J/g and 3.397 J/g for cow and camel milk respectively. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)/derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) also showed two steps degradation. The first step involves lactose degradation and second step corresponds to combined degradation of protein and fat. Hence logβ vs 1000/T was plotted separately for individual components to determine cumulative value of activation energy using Flynn-Wall-Osawa method.

关键词：全脂奶粉热分解动力学热降解骆驼牛奶差示扫描量热法冻干最高温度

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Forest pasturing of livestock in Norway: effects on spruce regeneration

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Journal of Forestry research 2014年第4期25卷 941-945页

作者： Olav Hjeljord Trond Hist?l Hilde Karine Wam Norwegian University of Life Sciences Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Box 5003 1432 ?s Norway Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental research Organic Food and Farming Division Gunnarsveg 6 6630 Tingvoll Norway

Forest pasturing of free-roaming livestock is a common prac- tice in many parts of the world, but knowledge on how it affects tree regeneration in boreal forests is lacking. We mapped tree density, live- stock site use and accumulated damage to young trees of commercial interest （Norway spruce, Picea abies L. Karst.） on 56 clearcuts inside and outside a fenced forest area used for livestock pasturing in Ringsaker, Norway. Inside the fence 56-1.8% of spruce trees were damaged com- pared to 37-3.4% outside. Proportion of damaged spruce trees was posi- tively related to cattle use of the clearcut, but not so for sheep. On the most intensively used clearcuts, four out of five trees were damaged. The density of deciduous trees was five times lower inside compared to out- side of the fence （varying with plant species）. While livestock grazing may reduce resource competition in favour of spruce, the current animal density clearly is impeding forest regeneration in the study area.

关键词： browsing cattle damage timber sheep ungulate

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Surface-effect on detection ability of fluorescent Eu(btc)metal-organic frameworks to metal ions

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Journal of Rare Earths 2021年第4期39卷 446-452页

作者： Jiaolong Peng Wei Zhou Heping Ding Huanhuan Du Shujing J.Li Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Eu(btc)metal organic frameworks(MOFs)were prepared by co-precipitation method via 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acids(H3btc)connecting with Eu^(3+)ions,and the morphology was controlled from compact spherical to irregular honeycomb by adjusting the pH of reaction *** luminescence properties of Eu(btc)MOFs are found to be related to the surface morphology of products,and the compact spherical one performs stronger emission *** sensing ability of Eu(btc)MOFs to 11 kinds of metal ions was investigated and a prominent quenching effect occurrs in Fe^(3+),or Ni^(2+)*** on UV—vis absorption analysis,an“ion-fence”model presents the competition to absorb exciting light between Eu(btc)MOFs and adsorbed metal *** on Stern-Volmer equation,the Eu(btc)detection is found with higher Ksv value and a lower detection ***,a higher sensing efficiency is confirmed in the Eu(btc)MOFs with loose honeycomb due to aggravating porous surface offering much more sites for metal ions.

关键词： MOF Surface-effect detection Metal ions Rare earths

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The Influence of fence on Body Mass and Population Dynamics of Plateau Pika

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第11期10卷 729-736页

作者： Wenjing Li Key laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining China Scientific research and Popularization Base of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biology Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics Xining China

To determine the influence of the fence on plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), we measured the body mass, breeding status, population densities, using live-trapping and line-transect sampling in April and September 2006. In April, body mass of both male and female plateau pika inside of fence were significant higher than that outside of fence (♀: F = 6.583, df = 1.20, p = 0.019;♂: F = 6.49, df = 1.17, p = 0.021). The ratio of spermary drop of an adult male was also higher (92.31% vs 57.14%). In September, body mass of adult male in both study sites showed no significant difference (F = 0.001, df = 1.23, p = 0.975), but were all significant higher than that of April (F = 121.713, df = 1.22, p df = 1.20, p densities of both study sites showed on significant difference (F = 2.388, df = 1.38, p = 0.131), but the population density inside of fence was much higher than that outside of fence (F = 7.534, df = 1.38, p = 0.009) in September. Our results show that the changes of quality and quantity of food that available to plateau pika in winter, can depress the range of reducing body mass of plateau pika, make breeding season ahead, and then promote the increase of population.

关键词： fence Plateau Pikas Ochotona curzoniae Body Mass Population Dynamics

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