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Citizen sensors or extreme publics? Transparency and accountability interventions on the mobile geoweb

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第7期7卷 516-533页

作者： Y.Georgiadou J.H.Lungo C.Richter Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands college of Information and Communication Technologies(CoICT) University Dar es SalaamDar es SalaamTanzania

Transparency and Accountability(T&A)interventions are emergent social technologies in middle and low-income *** bring together citizen sensors,mobile communications,geo-browsers and social organization to raise public awareness on the extent of governance deficits,and monitor government’s(in)*** to their novelty,almost all we know about the effectiveness of T&A interventions comes from gray *** citizen sensors radically increase the transparency of the state,or are changes brought about by T&A interventions more likely to be incremental?We review the literature on transparency policies and describe their drivers,characteristics and supply-demand *** discuss promising cases of T&A interventions in East Africa,the empirical focus of an on-going collaborative research *** conclude that the effect of T&A interventions is more likely to be incremental and mediated by existing organizations and professional users who populate the space between the state and *** elements at the interface between supply and demand seem rather crucial for designers of T&A interventions:accountability-relevant data and extreme publics.

关键词： citizen sensors transparency accountability-relevant data extreme publics mobile geoweb

Extent of morbidity associated with schistosomiasis infection in Malawi: a review paper

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 185-192页

作者： Austin H N Mtethiwa Gamba Nkwengulila Jared Bakuza Daniel Sikawa Abigail Kazembe Lilongwe university of Agriculture and Natural Resources(LUANAR) Bunda CampusPO Box 219LilongweMalawi Zoology Department University of Dar es SalaamCollege of Natural and Applied SciencePO Box 35064Dar es SalaamTanzania Biological Sciences Unit Dar es Salaam University College of Education(DUCE)PO Box 2329Dar es SalaamTanzania university of Malawi Kamuzu College of NursingPrivate Bag 1LilongweMalawi

Data on the extent of the burden due to schistosomiasis is sparse in most Sub-Saharan African ***,this data is crucial for triggering medical attention.A review of extent of morbidity and determinants associated with schistosomiasis in Malawi was therefore conducted to quantify the infection in order to concretise the need for medical intervention.A systematic and traditional search strategy was used to find literature for the review,whilst exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to identify appropriate *** regression curves of epidemiological model Y=(a+bxc)/(1+bxc)and the recommendation that schistosomiasis prevalence can be used to estimate morbidity were employed to quantify morbidity at various infection *** was quantified as a direct proportion of the population and the respective national schistosomiasis *** showed that both *** and *** are present in Malawi with the latter highly prevalent(50%).Furthermore,out of the estimated population of 16,829 million,approximately 8.4 million have schistosomiasis,with about 4.4 million of these aged 18 years and *** most frequent manifestation is Katayama syndrome,while ascites is the lowest,impacting about 3.0 million and 960 individuals,*** studies on association of schistosomiasis infection to risk factors such as occupation,age and gender found odds ratio(OR)ranging from 1.29 to *** due to schistosomiasis is high in *** is therefore recommended that a more detailed study on the determinants of high schistosomiasis and re-evaluation of the current control measures be conducted if the current morbidity statistics are to be remarkably reduced.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Morbidity Risk factors Quantification Burden Extent

The Opportunities and Challenges of Geotourism:A Case Study in Oldonyo Lengai in Tanzania

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 293-294页

作者： Stephen Joseph Nyagonde Constantine Deus Shirati college of Natural and Applied Science University of Dar es Salaam college of Arts and Social Science University of Dar es Salaam

Both geoparks and geosites are unique geological features of spectacular importance to earth science (global scientific importance) and the surrounding *** Oldonyo Lengai(The God for the Maasai people and unique activ... 详细信息

关键词： Oldonyo Lengai geotourism opportuneities and challenges

STRATEGIC PLANNING OF HIGHER education INSTITUTIONS IN AFRICA:A CASE STUDY OF THE university OF dar es salaam

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STRATEGIC PLANNING OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN AFRIC...

Small Scale Mining in Tanzania Toward Sustainable Use(Prospects,Opportunities and Challenges for Environmental Management)

北京论坛（2006）文明的和谐与共同繁荣—对人类文明方式的思考

作者： M.L.Luhanga Vice Chancellor University of Dar-es-Salaam

Socio-economic and political changes which swept through Africa in the 1980’s had a major impact on African universities;including the university of dar es *** response to these changes, the university of dar es salaam embarked on a self-controlled strategic planning exercise starting in *** model adopted by the university of dar es salaam and the lessons learnt are summarized in this paper.

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 175-176页

作者： Stephen Joseph Nyagonde Nancy Nai Laizer college of Natural and Applied Science-university of dar es salaam

Although small scale mining management is a complex task,many countries in the world have managed to develop mining management regimes that can improve the economic and environmental efficiency of the small scale mining *** paper attempts to explore the mental picture of opportunities and challenges of the environmental management in small scale mining in Tanzania focusing on

关键词： small scale mining prospect challenges environmental management Tanzania

Diversity, abundance, and structure of tree communities in the Uluguru forests in the Morogoro region, Tanzania

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 557-569页

作者： David Sylvester Kacholi Anthony Michael Whitbread Martin Worbes Crop Production Systems in the Tropics Georg-August University Goettingen Grisebachstr. 6 37077 GoettingenGermany Department of Biological Sciences Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE)P. O. Box 2329 Dar es Salaam Tanzania International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324 Andhra PradeshIndia

Uluguru forests are globally recognized as important biodiversity hotspots, but anthropogenic pressure threatens their value. This study examined species diver- sity, abundance, and structure of trees in the Uluguru for- ests. All trees of diameter at breast height （DBH）〉 10 cm were inventoried in seven forests ranging from 3 to 995 ha in area. A total of 900 stems, 101 species and 34 families were inventoried. Fabaceae was the most speciose family. Ehretia amoena Klotzsch was the most abundant species with relative abundance of 9.22 %. The forests differed significantly in species richness （26-93 species ha-l）, tree density （85-390 stems ha-l）, basal area （3-24 m2 ha-1） and Shannon-Wiener diversity （2.50--4.02）. Forest area was significantly and positively correlated with species richness （r = 0.92） and species diversity （r = 0.95）. Tree density showed significant positive correlation with speciesrichness （r = 0.80） and basal area （r = 0.85）. Milawilila and Nemele forests had highest floristic similarity （0.55） followed by Kimboza and Kilengwe （0.54） while the rest had similarity coefficients of less than 0.50. Despite leg- islative protection, many forests remain at risk and there- fore the possibility to conserve highly valuable tree species via enhanced protection or cultivation must be considered.

关键词： Eastern arc Biodiversity Disturbance Hotspots Similarity

Monitoring Restoration of the Eastern Usangu Wetland by Assessment of Land Use and Cover Changes

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2016年第2期5卷 145-156页

作者： Emiliana John Mwita Department of Geography and Economics Dar es Salaam University College of Education Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Conflicting interests in the use and management of wetlands have always resulted in their degradation. The degradation of wetlands affects their natural functioning, environmental health and livelihood of the people who depend on them. The eastern Usangu wetland has suffered a lot from multiple-use pressure arising from both national and local interests. As a result, the government banned the use of the wetland in 2006 to support its restoration process. The aim of the current study was to assess the restoration process of the eastern Usangu wetland using time-series Landsat images over a 20-year period, from 1995 to 2015. Cross-tabulation of composite NDVI images was used to examine the changes. The results indicate that the land cover declined by 20% between 1995 and 2005, and increased by more than 25% between 2005 and 2015. The size of the permanent swamp increased consistently, by more than 15% between 1995 and 2015. Wetland use has declined to about 15% over the 20 years. Wetland restoration seems to be a slow process that depends on multiple factors. It thus is important that wetlands are managed well for sustained benefits, rather than waiting to rescue them in a crisis. The well-being of the people depending on the wetlands should be considered when implementing measures to protect the wetlands. Awareness creation among the users, diversification of sources of income and enforcement of the laws and policies governing the use of wetlands by the government may improve status of wetlands.

关键词： Tanzania NDVI Change Detection Perennial Swamps

Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Microbial Community at the Breeding Sites of the Large Yellow Croaker Pseudosciaena crocea in the Southern East China Sea

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Journal of Ocean university of China 2022年第3期21卷 789-800页

作者： ZHOU Shouheng ZHENG Shizhan LV Tianying YANG Wen LUKWAMBE Betina NICHOLAUS Regan LI Chenghua ZHENG Zhongming School of Marine Sciences Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China Department of Aquculture Technology School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries TechnologyUniversity of Dar es SalaamDar es Salaam999132Tanzania Department of Natural Sciences Mbeya University of Science and TechnologyMbeya999068Tanzania

Clarifying eukaryotic microbial spatial distribution patterns and their determinants is an important idea in ecological ***,information on the distribution patterns of eukaryotic microbial community structures(EMCSs)within oceans remains *** this study,surface water samples from the southern East China Sea(SECS)were collected to investigate the spatiotemporal variation in EMCSs by using 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and the impact of this variation on Pseudosciaena crocea during the breeding *** results indicated that the distribution patterns of the eukaryotic microbial community structure were different among the Sansha Bay,Mindong and Wentai reserves and the offshore East China *** addition,there were notable potential effects of EMCSs on fishery *** variation partitioning analysis showed the environmental and spatial factors caused 53.4%of the variation in the EMCSs,indicating that spatially structured environmental factors were the key determinants of the EMCSs spatial heterogeneity in the SECS and may have contributed to the general distribution of *** addition,all the environmental factors were the main factors driving the distribution of eukaryotic microbes except for total ***,it was noted some phytoplankton such as Poterioochromonas and Rhizophydium of fungi in Sansha Bay can effectively prevent Cyanobacteria *** are natural high-quality baits for juvenile fish distributed in Sansha Bay,Mindong and Wentai *** study provides a part of the insight into potential eukaryotic community distributions in large water bodies and how they are affected by environmental factors.

关键词： southern East China Sea 18S rRNA gene sequencing variation partitioning analysis eukaryotic microbes

Teaching Spatial Science Courses in Public Universities in Tanzania: Challenges and Opportunities

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2013年第6期5卷 543-547页

作者： Emiliana John Mwita Geography Department Dar es Salaam University College of Education Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Spatial science courses that are Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) are increasingly growing into extremely important disciplines that accommodate various applications in wider sectors of development. Effective teaching and learning of the courses, however, requires intensive investment in facilities and human resources, since the technology is sophisticated and growing fast. This study aims at exploring the challenges of teaching and learning spatial science courses, RS and GIS, particularly in public universities in Tanzania. The study also identifies possible opportunities to improve the situation. Using social survey techniques in data gathering and analysis and author’s own experience, lack of resources, poor background to the courses, delivery methods, limited number of staff and large classes were seen to be the major obstacles in successful learning and teaching. Opportunities exist in using open source resources, collaboration with other institutions within and outside the country and for the universities to give due weight to the courses by building capacity of their staff and procuring facilities, especially laboratories equipments.

关键词： GIS Remote Sensing Learning Obstacles