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Hypoxia tolerance in fish depends on catabolic preference between lipids and carbohydrates

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动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 954-966页

作者： Qiang Ma Yuan Luo Jia Zhong Samwel Mchele Limbu Ling-Yu Li Li-Qiao Chen Fang Qiao Mei-Ling Zhang Qiang Lin Zhen-Yu Du LANEH School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Yellow Sea Fisheries Research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesQingdaoShandong 266071China CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouGuangdong 510301China School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries technology University of Dar es SalaamDar es Salaam 60091Tanzania

Hypoxia is a common environmental stress factor in aquatic organisms,which varies among fish ***,the mechanisms underlying the ability of fish species to tolerate hypoxia are not well ***,we showed that hypoxia response in different fish species was affected by lipid catabolism and preference for lipid or carbohydrate energy *** of biochemical lipid catabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(Pparα)or increasing mitochondrial fat oxidation in tilapia decreased tolerance to acute hypoxia by increasing oxygen consumption and oxidative damage and reducing carbohydrate catabolism as an energy ***,lipid catabolism inhibition by suppressing entry of lipids into mitochondria in tilapia or individually knocking out three key genes of lipid catabolism in zebrafish increased tolerance to acute hypoxia by decreasing oxygen consumption and oxidative damage and promoting carbohydrate ***,anaerobic glycolysis suppression eliminated lipid catabolism inhibition-promoted hypoxia tolerance in adipose triglyceride lipase(atgl)mutant *** 14 fish species with different trophic levels and taxonomic status,the fish preferentially using lipids for energy were more intolerant to acute hypoxia than those preferentially using *** study shows that hypoxia tolerance in fish depends on catabolic preference for lipids or carbohydrates,which can be modified by regulating lipid catabolism.

关键词： Hypoxia tolerance Catabolic preference Lipid Carbohydrate Oxidative damage

Lipophagy is essential for lipid metabolism in fish

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Science Bulletin 2018年第14期63卷 879-882页

作者： Jing wang Si-Lan Han Ling-Yu Li Dong-Liang Lu Samwel Mchele Limbu Dong-Liang Li Mei-Ling Zhang Zhen-Yu Du Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health(LANEH) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal University Shanghai 200241. China Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries technology University of Dar es SalaamDares Salaam Tanzania

Lipophagy is a form of autophagy in *** this cellular process,lipid droplets(LDs)are degraded through the lysosomal degradative pathway[1].During lipophagy,LDs sequestrated in autophagosomes are delivered to lysosomes,which fuse to form autophagosomes and then develop into autophagolysosomes,leading to LDs degradation of[1].A number of studies have demonstrated that lipophagy play important roles in lipid

关键词：类脂化合物新陈代谢鱼哺乳动物生物功能脊椎动物 ing LD

Diversity, abundance, and structure of tree communities in the Uluguru forests in the Morogoro region, Tanzania

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 557-569页

作者： David Sylvester Kacholi Anthony Michael Whitbread Martin Worbes Crop Production Systems in the Tropics Georg-August University Goettingen Grisebachstr. 6 37077 GoettingenGermany Department of Biological Sciences Dar es Salaam University College of Education (DUCE)P. O. Box 2329 Dar es Salaam Tanzania International Crops Research institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324 Andhra PradeshIndia

Uluguru forests are globally recognized as important biodiversity hotspots, but anthropogenic pressure threatens their value. This study examined species diver- sity, abundance, and structure of trees in the Uluguru for- ests. All trees of diameter at breast height （DBH）〉 10 cm were inventoried in seven forests ranging from 3 to 995 ha in area. A total of 900 stems, 101 species and 34 families were inventoried. Fabaceae was the most speciose family. Ehretia amoena Klotzsch was the most abundant species with relative abundance of 9.22 %. The forests differed significantly in species richness （26-93 species ha-l）, tree density （85-390 stems ha-l）, basal area （3-24 m2 ha-1） and Shannon-Wiener diversity （2.50--4.02）. Forest area was significantly and positively correlated with species richness （r = 0.92） and species diversity （r = 0.95）. Tree density showed significant positive correlation with speciesrichness （r = 0.80） and basal area （r = 0.85）. Milawilila and Nemele forests had highest floristic similarity （0.55） followed by Kimboza and Kilengwe （0.54） while the rest had similarity coefficients of less than 0.50. Despite leg- islative protection, many forests remain at risk and there- fore the possibility to conserve highly valuable tree species via enhanced protection or cultivation must be considered.

关键词： Eastern arc Biodiversity Disturbance Hotspots Similarity

Effect of Gangue Minerals on Hydrophobic Recovery of Gold

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第3期5卷 316-321页

作者： Anderson E. L. Mlaki Jamidu H. Y. Katima Henry T. Kimweri University of dar es salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

In this paper, the effect of gangue minerals on the hydrophobic recovery of gold is being investigated using ores obtained from the active small scale gold mining sites in Tanzania. Gold ores of different gangue contents were tested. The effects of silica gangue and high sulphide gangue on gold attachment were examined including the effect of surface activators (potassium amyl xanthate) and the possibility of depressing the effects of gangue using reagents. The results were evaluated in terms of gold recovery, volumes and grade of concentrates formed. There was no change in gold recoveries when the amount of oxide gangue (quartz) in the ore was increased, indicating absence of competition between gold and quartz gangue. High sulphide contents in the ore above 6% reduced gold recoveries considerably. It was noted that potassium amyl xanthate surfactants increased the attachment of both gold and the sulphide gangue. Using lime at pH 10 it was possible to depress the sulphide gangue which is mainly pyrite and hence increased gold recoveries considerably.

关键词： Aggl/Ore Ratio Gangue Minerals Hydrophobicity Surfactants Gangue Depressants Oleophilicity

Evaluation of Antimycobacterial Activity of Higenamine Using Galleria mellonella as an In Vivo Infection Model

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2018年第1期8卷 63-69页

作者： Paul Erasto Richard Sunguruma Joan J.Munissi Victor Wiketye Charles de Konig Atallah F.Ahmed National institute for Medical Research P.O.Box 9653Dar Es SalaamTanzania Department of Chemistry University of Dar es SalaamDar Es SalaamTanzania School of Chemistry Witwatersrand UniversityJohannesburgRepublic of South Africa Department of Pharmacognosy College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2457Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

The Phytochemical investigation on MeOH extract on the bark of Aristolochia brasiliensis Mart.&Zucc(Aristolochi-aceae)led to the isolation of major compound(1)as light brown grainy *** compound was identified as 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6,7-diol(higenamine)on the basis of spectroscopic analysis,including 1D and 2D NMR *** compound was evaluated for its antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium indicus pranii(MIP),using Galleria mellonella larva as an in vivo infection *** survival of MIP infected larvae after a single dose treatment of 100 mg/kg body weight of higenamine was 80%after 24 *** the compound exhibited a dose dependent activity,as evidenced by the reduction of colony density from 10^(5) to 10^(3) CFU for test concentrations of 50,100,150 and 200 mg/kg body weight *** IC50 value for higenamine was 161.6 mg/kg body weight as calculated from a calibration *** analysis showed that,a complete inhibition of MIP in the *** could be achieved at 334 mg/kg body *** the fact that MIP has been found to be highly resistant against isoniazid(INH)in an in vitro assay model,in this study the microbe was highly susceptible to this standard anti-TB *** isolation of higenamine from the genus Aristolochia and the method used to evaluate its in vivo antimycobacterial activity in *** are herein reported for the first time.

关键词： Aristolochia brasiliensis Galleria mellonella Higenamine Isoniazid Mycobacterium indicus pranii Antimycobacterial activity

Archaeology and Heritage Resource Management in Siuyu, Singida Region (Tanzania)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第6期4卷 34-45页

作者： Makarius Peter Itambu Nazarius Michael Hongoa Department of Archaeology and Heritage University of Dar Es Salaam Dar Es Salaam Tanzania Demography Unit University of Dar Es Salaam Dar Es Salaam Tanzania

This paper was produced as a part of our ongoing research endeavors in Singida destined to provide a better understanding of early humans’ cultures, and to promote the conservation of cultural and natural heritages of the region. The overreaching goals of this research are to holistically reconstruct the archaeology of Singida by studying cultural processes over time and space. Equally important is to promote tourism in the Singida eastern axis and, to salvage the heritage assets of the region from total disappearance as evinced by the activities of modern day civilization, broadly, to shed more light about the past life ways, and the subsistence behaviours of our ancestors. Our recent archaeological reconnaissance conducted in January 2016 in Siuyu ward discovered rock paintings and a rock shelter with archeological potential (Ngaghe rock shelter), containing a large scatter of Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological artifacts that are crucial to the unravelling of the prehistoric human behaviours in Singida. Preliminary results from our research revealed that Singida region is an ideal place for undertaking research on early human bio-cultural evolution from LSA times to the present. Data from this study will be utilized to re-write the history of Singida region, to make sure that it is sustained for future generations. Despite their rarity, uniqueness, scientific and aesthetic values, these heritage assets are neither protected by village nor regional by-laws. Before deliberate conservation measures are put in place, it is very important to have good records of the areas that are attractive to tourism, and their current state of preservation. These sites were undocumented by the previous researchers, and in certain circumstances are unknown even to the local people of the Siuyu ward. Although the archaeology of Singida east is much “terra incognita”, this article is timely, for promoting archaeo-tourism and raising public awareness on the archaeology of Singida. Add

关键词： Archaeology Heritage Conservation Cultural and Natural Resources Tourism

Learning Hand Latent Features for Unsupervised 3D Hand Pose estimation

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Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 2019年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Jamal Banzi Isack Bulugu Zhongfu Ye School of Information Science and technology University of Science and Technology of China230026China Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro3167Tanzania College of information and communication technology University of Dare-es-salaamDar-es-Salaam33335Tanzania

Recent hand pose estimation methods require large numbers of annotated training data to extract the dynamic information from a hand ***,precise and dense annotation on the real data is difficult to come by and the amount of information passed to the training algorithm is significantly *** paper presents an approach to developing a hand pose estimation system which can accurately regress a 3D pose in an unsupervised *** whole process is performed in three ***,the hand is modelled by a novel latent tree dependency model (LTDM) which transforms internal joints location to an explicit ***,we perform predictive coding of image sequences of hand poses in order to capture latent features underlying a given image without supervision.A mapping is then performed between an image depth and a generated ***,the hand joints are regressed using convolutional neural networks to finally estimate the latent pose given some depth ***,an unsupervised error term which is a part of the recurrent architecture ensures smooth estimation of the final *** demonstrate the performance of the proposed system,a complete experiment was conducted on three challenging public datasets,ICVL,MSRA,and *** empirical results show the significant performance of our method which is comparable or better than the state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Hand Pose estimation Convolutional Neural Networks Recurrent Neural Networks Human-machine Interaction Predictive Coding Unsupervised Learning

The effects of on-farm produced feeds on growth, survival, yield and feed cost of juvenile African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第1期5卷 58-64页

作者： Samwel Mchele Limbu Department of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries technology University of Dar es SalaamP.O.Box 35064Dar es SalaamTanzania Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesShanghai200241China

The culture of African sharptooth catfish(Clarias gariepinus)in most developing countries lacks suitable diets for semi-intensive *** present study evaluated the growth performance,survival,nutrient utilization,hepatosomatic index(HSI),body composition,yield and feeding cost of African catfish fed on semi-intensive feeds 1(SMF1)and semi-intensive feed 2(SMF2)produced on-farm and an industrially manufactured(IM)feed as a *** hundred fish(14.95±0.24 g)were stocked in triplicate earthen ponds and fed the three diets at 5%of the body weight for eight *** final weight,specific growth rate and yield of fish fed the SMF2 diet was significantly lower than SMF1 and IM ***,no significant differences were revelead in final weight,specific growth rate and yield between fish fed SMF1 and IM *** survival rate,feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of fish did not differ among the *** net protein utilization was significantly higher on fish fed the SMF2 and SMF1 diets than IM *** HSI of fish fed the IM diet was significantly higher and the livers were yellow-coloured compared to smaller and brownish/reddish livers of fish fed the SMF1 and SMF2 *** fish fed the IM diet had statistically lower ash content than SMF1 *** incidence cost of fish fed the IM diet was 35%higher,while its profit index was 31%lower than fish fed the SMF1 and SMF2 *** together,African catfish farmers can reduce feed cost up to 30%by using on-farm produced feeds when formulated properly and blended without affecting fish growth performance,survival and yield while obtaining better protein retention and healthier fish.

关键词： Feed cost African catfish Clarias gariepinus Profit index On-farm feeds Yellow livers

Hybrids production as a potential method to control prolific breeding in tilapia and adaptation to aquaculture climate-induced drought

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 647-652页

作者： Kulwa Mtaki Samwel Mchele Limbu Aviti John Mmochi Matern S.P.Mtolera institute of Marine Sciences P.O.Box 668University of Dar es SalaamZanzibarTanzania Department of Aquaculture technology School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries TechnologyUniversity of Dar es SalaamP.O.Box 60091Dar es SalaamTanzania East China Normal University Department of BiologySchool of Life SciencesLaboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health500 Dong Chuan Road200241ShanghaiChina

establishing suitable salt tolerant all-male tilapia strains with fast growth rate is a crucial requirement for successful euryhaline farming required for controlling prolific breeding and as an adaptation to the effect of climateinduced *** study assessed the percentage of tilapia male hybrids,their growth performance and survival rate produced by crossing female Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and male Rufiji tilapia(Oreochromis urolepis urolepis)at different *** fingerlings were reared for 70 days in triplicate concrete tanks(1 m3),each stocked with 15 fish weighing 1.62±0.03 g,1.69±0.02 g and 1.41±0.06 g exposed to 2,15 and 35 ppt salinities,*** was done by adding seawater to freshwater at a rate of 2 ppt per day for 18 *** sexing was done by visual assessment of the genital papilla followed by rearing the hybrids for six months to observe *** showed that,the cross between ***(female)and *** urolepis(male)produced hybrids that were all-males without any reproduction within six months post hybrid*** hybrids reared at a salinity of 2 ppt had higher growth performance than those reared at 15 and 35 ***,hybrids cultured at 15 ppt had significantly higher growth performance than those reared at 35 *** the hybrids produced had survival rates of 100%.This study indicated that,all-male tilapia produced by crossing between ***(female)and ***(male)can be used by fish farmers as alternative species for mariculture development to control prolific breeding and as an adaptation strategy to climate change.

关键词： Monosex culture Hybridization Mariculture All-male hybrids Aquaculture climate-induced drought