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Tight gas charging and accumulation mechanisms and mathematical model

Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第6期50卷 1411-1425页

作者： ZHOU Nengwu LU Shuangfang ZHANG Pengfei LIN Zizhi XIAO Dianshi LU Jiamin ZHU Yingkang LIU Yancheng LIN Liming WANG Min JIANG Xinyu LIU Yang WANG Ziyi LI Wenbiao Sanya Offshore oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya 572025China Key Laboratory of continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development Ministry of EducationNortheast Petroleum UniversityDaqing 163318China School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China college of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company LimitedDaqing 163712China China United coalbed Methane co. Ltd.Beijing 100083China

The gas-water distribution and production heterogeneity of tight gas reservoirs have been summarized from experimental and geological observations, but the charging and accumulation mechanisms have not been examined quantitatively by mathematical model. The tight gas charging and accumulation mechanisms were revealed from a combination of physical simulation of nuclear magnetic resonance coupling displacement, numerical simulation considering material and mechanical equilibria, as well as actual geological observation. The results show that gas migrates into tight rocks to preferentially form a gas saturation stabilization zone near the source-reservoir interface. When the gas source is insufficient, gas saturation reduction zone and uncharged zone are formed in sequence from the source-reservoir interface. The better the source rock conditions with more gas expulsion volume and higher overpressure, the thicker the gas saturation stabilization and reduction zones, and the higher the overall gas saturation. When the source rock conditions are limited, the better the tight reservoir conditions with higher porosity and permeability as well as larger pore throat, the thinner the gas saturation stabilization and reduction zones, but the gas saturation is high. The sweet spot of tight gas is developed in the high-quality reservoir near the source rock, which often corresponds to the gas saturation stabilization zone. The numerical simulation results by mathematical model agree well with the physical simulation results by nuclear magnetic resonance coupling displacement, and reasonably explain the gas-water distribution and production pattern of deep reservoirs in the Xujiaweizi fault depression of the Songliao Basin and tight gas reservoirs in the Linxing-Huangfu area of the Ordos Basin.

关键词： tight gas charging and accumulation mechanism mathematical model Xujiaweizi fault depression Songliao Basin Linxing-Huangfu area Ordos Basin

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Sedimentary environment and model for lacustrine organic matter enrichment:lacustrine shale of the Early Jurassic Da’anzhai Formation,central Sichuan Basin,China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第4期10卷 584-601页

作者： Zheng-Lu Xiao Shi-Jia Chen Shao-Ming Zhang Rui Zhang Zhi-Yong Zhu Jun-Gang Lu Yong Li Xiang-Dong Yin Long-Xiang Tang Zhang-Hao Liu Zong-Hui Lin State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu 610500China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China PetroChina Southwest oil&Gas field company Chengdu 610051China Xi'an Branch of PetroChina Materials co. Ltd Xi'an 710000China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

Based on the analysis of element geochemistry and total organic carbon(TOC),this study investigates the main factors controlling organic matter(OM)enrichment,reconstructs the evolution process of the sedimentary environment,and proposes a dynamic OM enrichment model of the Jurassic Da’anzhai(D)Formation,Sichuan *** results indicate that the Sichuan Basin was generally dominated by a warm and oxidizing sedimentary environment,but with some peculiarities,such as a hotter climate in the D1 member and more anoxic lake water in the D2a *** sedimentary evolution of the Da’anzhai Formation can be divided into a fluctuating sedimentary stage,a stable sedimentary stage and a reef-building *** D2a member showed the strongest hypoxia,the weakest weathering,the largest amount of terrestrial inputs,and the highest TOC *** TOC is positively correlated with reducing conditions and terrestrial inputs,negatively correlated with *** on these findings,it is suggested that the global climate in the Early Jurassic period had a complex regional effect and the global oceanic anoxic events of the Toarcian did not spread to the Sichuan ***,the anoxic deep water,high terrestrial inputs,and weak weathering were conducive to rapid deposition and preservation of lacustrine OM.

关键词： Lacustrine shale Early Jurassic Toarcian Organic matter enrichment model Da’anzhai Formation Sichuan Basin

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Purification and Fractionation of Natural Petroleum Sulfonates by Liquid-liquid ＆ Soxhlet Extraction

Purification and Fractionation of Natural Petroleum Sulfonat...

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2011 SSITE International conference on Future Material Research and Industry Application(FMRIA 2011)

作者： Ruixia Niu Bolin Li Biao Long Provincial Key Laboratory oil & Gas Chemical Technology College of chemistry & Chemical Engineering Northeast Petroleum University Chemical Engineering department Daqing Oil Field Engineering Ltd.

Natural petroleum sulfonates（PS） was separated, purified and divided into several fractions by a new method liquid-liquid ＆ soxhlet extractionThe effects of heating time, volume ratio of extractants（isopropanol aqueous solution-50/50（by volume） : n-pentane）, gradient solvent types, extracting time ＆ times on the separation efficiency are discussed, respectivelyAnd the extracted mineral oil was anlalyzed by IR spectra, the average equivalent weight of each extracted PS fraction was measured by ESI-MSThe experimental results show that the volatiles in natural plant-manufactured PS can evaporate thoroughly in 3.5h at 130℃, and when the volume ratio of stated extractants is 3:1, after several times extraction ＆ anti-extraction, the extracted mineral oil is PS-free, and the purified PS is successfully separated from inorganic salt, meanwhile the purified PS was divided into four fractions, whose average equivalent weight are（toluene extract） 595.03,（dichloromethane extract） 486.00,（isopropanol extract） 474.85 and（alcohol extract） 384.5g/mol, respectivelyThe proposed method is superior to the traditional liquid-liquid extraction for simplified steps and bifunction with PS purifying ＆ fraction dividing, can separate efficiently industrial PS and other similar mixtures.

关键词： purification fractionation gradient soxhlet extraction petroleum sulfonates

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Deformation Mechanism and Vertical Sealing Capacity of Fault in the Mudstone Caprock

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Journal of Earth Science 2019年第2期30卷 367-375页

作者： Xiaofei Fu Lingyu Yan Lingdong Meng Xiaobo Liu Laboratory of CNPC Fault-controlling Reservoir Northeast Petroleum University Science and Technology Innovation Team in Heilongjiang Province"Fault Deformation Sealing and Fluid Migration"Northeast Petroleum University State Key Laboratory Base of Unconventional oil and Gas Accumulation and Exploitation Northeast Petroleum University School of Energy Resource China University of Geosciences daqing Yushulin oilfield Development co.ltd.

The petrophysical property of mudstone often transforms from ductile to brittle in the process of burial-uplift. The deformation mechanism of fault in brittle and ductile mudstone caprock is different, which leads to the formation of different types of fault zone structure. Different methods are required to evaluate the sealing mechanism of those fault zones. Based on the caprock deformation mechanism, fault sealing mechanism, quantitative evaluation method of vertical fault sealing capacity is put forward in this study. Clay smear is formed in the process of plastic deformation and its continuity controls the sealing capacity of fault. The outcrop and oil field data have confirmed that when sealing parameter SSF is less than 4–7, the clay smear becomes discontinuous and then oil and gas go through the caprock and migrate vertically. Quantities of fractures are formed in mudstone in the process of brittle deformation. The fracture density increases with the increase of the fault displacement. When the fractures are connected, oil and gas go through the caprock and migrate vertically. The connectivity of fault depends on the displacement and the thickness of caprock. On the basis of the above, a method is put forward to quantify the connectivity of fault with the juxtaposition thickness of caprock after faulting. The research on the juxtaposition thickness of caprock after faulting of the member II of Dongying Formation in Nanpu depression and the distribution of oil and gas indicates when the juxtaposition thickness of caprock is less than 96.2 m, the fault becomes leaking vertically. In the lifting stage, with the releasing and unloading of the stress, the caprock becomes brittle generally and then forms through going fault which will lead to a large quantity of oil and gas migrate vertically.

关键词： mudstone fault deformation brittle-ductile shale smear CJT quantitative evaluation

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The Method and Application of Using Generalized-△LgR Technology to Predict the Organic Carbon content of continental Deep Source Rocks

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A1期89卷 393-394页

作者： HU Huiting LIU Chao LU Shuangfang college of Geosciences Northeast Petroleum University DaqingHeilongjiang 163318 China Exploration and Development Research Institute of daqing oilfield co. ltd. Daqing 163 712Heilongjiang China Research Institute of Unconventional oil and Gas and New Energy China University of Petroleum Qingdao Shandong266580China

1 Introduction△LgR technology was widely used in source rocks （TOC） well logging evaluation as well as the most reliable way in the industry. This technology applies electrical resistivity and interval transit time curve to cauculat *** to the continuous TOC content calculated form logging curries, thickness of source rocks with different abundance levels can be distinguished, therefore,it also provides an effective methods for the study of hydrocarbon contribute of different organic abundance levels.

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Experimental characterization and mechanism of hydraulic pulsation waves driving microscopic residual oil

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第6期49卷 1411-1422页

作者： WU Feipeng LI Na YANG Wei CHEN Jiahao DING Bujie XIA Lei LIU Jing WANG cong WANG Lushan China University of Petroleum(East China) Qingdao 266000China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Yanchang Oil Field CompanyYan’an 716000China Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering co. LtdDongying 257000China Shengli oilfield Branch of China Petroleum&Chemical corporation Dongying 257000China

To clarify microscopic mechanisms of residual oil displacement by hydraulic pulsation wave,microscopic visualization experiments of hydraulic pulsation wave driving residual oil were carried out by using the microscopic visualization device of pulsating water *** the four types of residual oil left in the reservoir after water flooding,***,column,cluster,and blind end residual oils,hydraulic pulsation waves broke the micro-equilibrium of the interface by disturbing the oil-water interface,so that the injected water invaded into and contacted with the remaining oil in small pores and blind holes,and the remaining oil was pushed or stripped to the mainstream channel by deformation superposition effect and then carried out by the injected *** the displacement,the pulsation frequency mainly affected the cluster and blind end remaining oil,and the hydraulic pulsation wave with a frequency of about 1 Hz had the best effect in improving the *** pulsation amplitude value mainly affected the membrane and column residual oil,and the larger the amplitude value,the more remaining oil the hydraulic pulsation wave would *** presence of low intensity continuous flow pressure and holding pressure end pressure promoted the concentration of pulsating energy and greatly improve the recovery of cluster residual *** rise in temperature made the hydraulic pulsation wave work better in displacing remaining oil,improving the efficiency of oil flooding.

关键词： hydraulic pulsation wave microscopic remaining oil oil displacement mechanism disturbance of oil-water interface enhanced oil recovery

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Modification and separation of oil sand with ultrasonic wave and analysis of its products

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2013年第4期23卷 524-528页

作者： Feng Yingming daqing oilfield Engineering co. Ltd. CNPC Daqing 163712 China

Under the condition of ultrasonic wave heating,the ground oil sand from daqing oilfeld was preprocessed with compound modifcation *** order to separate oil and sand,flotation machine is used and orthogonal test is carried out to optimize the process *** test results show that under the conditions of modifcation reagent concentration of 10.0 g/L,ultrasonic wave intensity of 53 kHz,power of 75 kW,temperature of 50℃ and duration of 10 min,the daqing ground oil sand with the initial oil content of 30.80%can be transformed into dry sludge with a sharply reduced residual oil content of0.66%after being preprocessed with ultrasonic wave and separated by flotation *** solid particle size compositions and major components were analyzed with a laser particle size analyzer and X-ray analyzer(LS-100Q),and GC-MS as well as FITR were adopted to analyze the oil *** mechanism of action of intensifying separation of oil sand with the effect of ultrasonic wave was analyzed.

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Inter-stage performance and energy characteristics analysis of electric submersible pump based on entropy production theory

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1354-1368页

作者： Hui Wang Yang Yang Bin Xi Wei-Dong Shi Chuan Wang Lei-Lei Ji Xiang-Yu Song Zhao-Ming He college of Hydraulic Science and Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009JiangsuChina college of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Nanchang Institute of TechnologyNanchang330044JiangxiChina college of Mechanical Engineering Nantong UniversityNantong226019JiangsuChina National Research Center of Pumps Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013JiangsuChina Zhejiang Zhenxing Petrochemical Machinery co. Ltd.Ruian325204ZhejiangChina Department of Mechanical Engineering of Texas Tech University Lubbock79411TXUSA

The electric submersible pump(ESP) is a crucial apparatus utilized for lifting in the oil extraction *** lifting capacity is enhanced by the multi-stage tandem structure, but variations in energy characteristics and internal flow across stages are also introduced. In this study, the inter-stage variability of energy characteristics in ESP hydraulic systems is investigated through entropy production(EP) analysis,which incorporates numerical simulations and experimental validation. The EP theory facilitates the quantification of energy loss in each computational subdomain at all ESP stages, establishing a correlation between microscopic flow structure and energy dissipation within the system. Furthermore, the underlying causes of inter-stage variability in ESP hydraulic systems are examined, and the advantages and disadvantages of applying the EP theory in this context are evaluated. consistent energy characteristics within the ESP, aligned with the distribution of internal flow structure, are provided by the EP theory, as demonstrated by our results. The EP theory also enables the quantitative analysis of internal flow losses and complements existing performance analysis methods to map the internal flow structure to hydraulic losses. Nonetheless, an inconsistency between the energy characterization based on EP theory and the traditional efficiency index when reflecting inter-stage differences is identified. This inconsistency arises from the exclusive focus of the EP theory on flow losses within the flow field, disregarding the quantification of external energy input to the flow field. This study provides a reference for the optimization of EP theory in rotating machinery while deeply investigating the energy dissipation characteristics of multistage hydraulic system, which has certain theoretical and practical significance.

关键词： Electric submersible pump(ESP) Entropy production theory Energy characteristics Inter-stage differences

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Modeling the effect of water vaporization and salt precipitation on reservoir properties due to carbon dioxide sequestration in a depleted gas reservoir

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Petroleum 2018年第4期4卷 385-397页

作者： Yong Tang Ruizhi Yang Xingmei Kang State Key Laboratory of oil&Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China China Petrochemical International(Ningbo)co. LtdNinbo310500China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Changqing oil field Branch company of PetroChina Xi'an710016China

Vaporization of water during both gas reservoir development and co2 geological sequestration in saline formations can cause salt precipitation with rapid loss of formation porosity and *** vaporization and precipitation of halite around a single well from stage production to co2 injection are studied to investigate the effect on reservoir properties in a gas *** paper identifies and quantifies post-flood dry zones and permeability changes in depleted gas reservoir after co2 exposure with the comparison in gas production period by performing the numerical simulation with the compositional *** results indicate that water vaporization and salt precipitation occur during gas production,and can be intensified by co2 *** supercritical co2 injection vaporizes the brine promoting brine concentration and halite *** simulation indicates a drying area with a radius of 78 m around wellbore after co2 *** reduces with the most scope of 58%,and permeability can be decreased by up to 93.9%due to salt *** the injectivity is damaged by 99.77%at the end of injection period based on maximum permeability ***,six factors are investigated to conduct the influence analysis,showing that higher salinity brine,higher injection rate,higher irreducible water saturation,lower initial permeability,higher temperature and with capillary flow are conditions enhancing the salt precipitation due to dry co2 injection.

关键词： reservoir depleted intensified

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oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

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Global Geology 2003年第1期8卷 53-58页

作者： Yanbin Xu Zishun Li Ping Gao Meng Tian Xiuyun Qiao Chuanbiao Wan Exploration and Development Research Institute of daqing oilfield co.ltd. PetroChinaDaqing 163712 China Geophysic Exploration company of daqing Petroleum Administrative Bureau Daqing 163357 China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely re-lated to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation; (5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.

关键词： petroleum geology hydrocarbon distribution fault basin group Hailar Basin Northeast China

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