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Differences in and factors controlling organic matter enrichment in the Ziliujing Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 77-86页

作者： Peng Li Zhong-Bao Liu He Bi Tao Jiang Rui-Kang Bian Peng-Wei Wang Xiao-Yu Shang State Key Laboratory of Shale oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient development Beijing102206China Key Laboratory of Shale oil/Gas exploration and Production Technology SINOPECBeijing102206China Petroleum exploration and Production research institute SINOPECBeijing102206China research institute of Petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing100083China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing100037China No.4 oil Production Plant in daqing oilfield co Ltd. Daqing163511HeilongjiangChina

Lacustrine shale oil and gas are important fields for unconventional exploration and development in China,and organic-rich shale deposition lays down the critical foundation for hydrocarbon *** are two sets of shale,the Dongyuemiao and Da’anzhai Members,in the Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan *** identify the differential enrichment characteristics of organic matter and clarify its controlling factors,geochemical analyses of organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were *** results showed that the total organic carbon content of the Dongyuemiao shale(1.36%)is slightly higher than that of the Da’anzhai shale(0.95%).The enrichment of organic matter in the two shales resulted from the comprehensive controls of paleoproductivity,paleoenvironment,and terrigenous input,but different factors have different *** addition,driven by climate,the change in the sulfate concentration in the bottom water further led to the different intensities of bacterial sulfate reduction in early *** made a great difference regarding organic matter accumulation in the two *** general,climate may have played a dominant role in organic matter enrichment in the two sets of shale.

关键词： Lacustrine shale Ziliujing Formation Sichuan Basin Enrichment mechanism of organic matter

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Paleoenvironment evolution and organic matter enrichment mechanisms in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第2期18卷 364-383页

作者： Ying LI Min WANG Yu YAN Xin WANG Jinyou ZHANG Xuefeng BAI Yuchen ZHANG Jiaheng XUE Junsheng FEI Lianbin ZHANG Guojun WANG School of Geoscience China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep oil and Gas Qingdao 266580China exploration and development research institute of daqing oilfield co Ltd. Daqing 163712China exploration Division PetroChina Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqing 163453China Department of Physics Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria 43900Malaysia

Organic matter is the basis for oil and gas generation,and the depositional environment controls its *** first member of the Qingshankou Formation(K_(2)qn^(1))in Songliao Basin has a thick organic-rich shale and so is an important target section for shale oil exploration and *** the Gulong Sag,shale samples from this unit were collected over the full length of the *** characterization of the environments of deposition(EOD)of K_(2)qn^(1)was improved by utilizing lithological characteristics,thin section observations,elemental compositions,and organic carbon *** with the normalization coefficients proposed in this paper,an organic matter correlation model was established to elucidate the factors that influence organic matter *** the bottom to the top of K2qn1,the lake depth gradually becomes shallower,the primary productivity first decreases and then increases,the reducing conditions become stronger and then weaker,the water salinity gradually decreases,the climate first becomes semi-humid and then warm and humid,and the input of terrigenous debris first decreases and then increases.A major marine transgression at the base of the K_(2)qn^(1)᾽s brought in nutrients to increase primary productivity,and the density-stratified reducing environment preserved and enriched organic *** primary productivity occurred during the middle of the deposition of the K_(2)qn^(1),while terrigenous input is *** matter is preserved in reduced deep lake environments,resulting in organic matter-rich black *** lake became shallower,and the salinity decreased in the upper part of K_(2)qn^(1).Benthic organisms rapidly multiplied,consuming large amounts of oxygen and destroying the previously depositional environment,resulting in a reducing environment disturbed by benthic organisms with poor preservation conditions and the lowest organic matter content.

关键词： major and trace elements paleoenvironment evolution OM enrichment mechanism lacustrine shale Songliao Basin Qingshankou Formation

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The determination of sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine carbonates:insights from natural gamma ray spectrometry log

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 204-218页

作者： Jingyan LIU Qian CHANG Junlong ZHANG Hui CHAI Feng HE Yizan YANG Shiqiang XIA School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China exploration and development research institute Daqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaDaqing 163712China China National oil and Gas exploration and development co. Ltd(CNODC)Beijing 100032China Beijing research institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China college of Mining Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China

It has always been challenging to determine the ancient sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine *** energy represents the hydrodynamic conditions that existed when the carbonates were *** energy includes light and chemical energies in compounds and kinetic energy in currents and mass ***-buried marine carbonates deposited during the Ordovician depositional period in the eastern Tarim Basin result from a complex interplay of tectonics,sedimentation,and *** a result,determining the ancient sedimentary environment and associated energy is *** natural gamma-ray spectrometry(GRS)log(from 12 wells)is used in this paper to conduct studies on the sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine *** findings show that the values of thorium(Th),uranium(U),potassium(K),and gamma-ray without uranium(KTh)in a natural GRS log can reveal lithological associations,mineral composition,diagenetic environment,stratigraphic water activity,and ancient climatic *** the Ordovician,quantitative analysis and determination of sedimentary environment energy are carried out using a comprehensive calculation of natural GRS log parameters in typical wells(penetrating through the Ordovician with cores and thin sections)of well GC4,well GC6,well GC7,and well *** results show that GRS log can determine different lithology associations in typical wells than a sieve residue ***,cores and thin sections can be used to validate the determination of lithology *** on the determination of lithology associations,the lithology associations that reflect the sedimentary environment and associated energy can be analyzed in a new ***,the sedimentary environment energy curve derived from a natural GRS log can reveal hydrodynamic fluctuations during depositional periods,which will aid in the discovery of carbonate reservoirs,establishing sequence stratigra

关键词： ancient sedimentary environment energy of sedimentary environment marine deep-buried carbonates natural GRS the Ordovician eastern Tarim Basin

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Mechanical characteristics and reservoir stimulation mechanisms of the Gulong shale oil reservoirs, the northern Songliao Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2023-2036页

作者： Si-Wei Meng Jia-Ping Tao Tian-Jiao Li Dong-Xu Li Su-Ling Wang Liu Yang Xin Liu Li-Hao Liang He Liu PetroChina research institute of Petroleum exploration development Beijing100083China National Key Laboratory of continental Shale oil Daqing 163002HeilongjiangChina Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024LiaoningChina PetroChina daqing oilfield co.Ltd. Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina Northeast Petroleum University Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing) Beijing100083China

Shale oil of the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,the northern Songliao Basin,represents the first attempt at large-scale development of pure-shale-type shale oil in *** integrating the multiscale refined reservoir characterization with macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,it is clarified that the Gulong shale is characterized by high clay mineral content,high rock plasticity,highly-developed bedding,and prominent mechanical anisotropy.A three-dimensional(3D)fracture propagation model of hydraulic fracturing was built for the Gulong shale,which fully captures the hydraulic fracture distribution pattern affected by the high bedding density,in-situ stress,and fracturing treatment *** research showed that due to influences of bedding,hydraulic fracturing in the Gulong shale forms a complex fracture morphology featuring the main fracture with multiple perpendicular branches that have different lengths(like the outdoor directional TV antenna);however,the vertical propagation of fractures is inhibited,and the fracture height is commonly less than 10 *** limited stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)is the main problem facing the fracturing stimulation of the Gulong shale *** density has vital effects on fracture morphology,so case-specific fracturing designs shall be developed for shale intervals with different bedding development *** reservoirs with welldeveloped bedding,it is suggested to properly increase the perforation cluster spacing and raise the volume and proportions of viscous fluids of the pad,so as to effectively promote vertical fracture propagation and improve reservoir stimulation *** study integrates multi-scale fine reservoir characterization and macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,as well as the construction and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing models for high-density layered shale reservoirs,providing a new approach and methodological framework for the fracturing research of high-density layer

关键词： Shale oil Hydraulic fracturing High bedding density Fracture propagation model

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Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff optimization of multiple horizontal wells with complex fracture networks in the M unconventional reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1018-1031页

作者： Hao-Chuan Zhang Yong Tang You-Wei He Yong Qin Jian-Hong Luo Yu Sun Ning Wang De-Qiang Wang State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina CNPC research institute of Petroleum exploration&development Beijing100083China Southwest oil&Gas field company PetroChinaChengdu610051SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Offshore oil Exploitation CNOOC Research Institute Co.LtdBeijing100027China

The oil production of the multi-fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs) declines quickly in unconventional oil reservoirs due to the fast depletion of natural energy. Gas injection has been acknowledged as an effective method to improve oil recovery factor from unconventional oil reservoirs. Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff becomes preferable when the co_(2) source is limited. However, the impact of complex fracture networks and well interference on the EOR performance of multiple MFHWs is still unclear. The optimal gas huff-n-puff parameters are significant for enhancing oil recovery. This work aims to optimize the hydrocarbon gas injection and production parameters for multiple MFHWs with complex fracture networks in unconventional oil reservoirs. Firstly, the numerical model based on unstructured grids is developed to characterize the complex fracture networks and capture the dynamic fracture ***, the PVT phase behavior simulation was carried out to provide the fluid model for numerical simulation. Thirdly, the optimal parameters for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff were obtained. Finally, the dominant factors of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff under complex fracture networks are obtained by fuzzy mathematical method. Results reveal that the current pressure of hydrocarbon gas injection can achieve miscible displacement. The optimal injection and production parameters are obtained by single-factor analysis to analyze the effect of individual parameter. Gas injection time is the dominant factor of hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff in unconventional oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. This work can offer engineers guidance for hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff of multiple MFHWs considering the complex fracture networks.

关键词： Unconventional oil reservoir complex fracture network Hydrocarbon gas huff-n-puff Parameter optimization Numerical simulation

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Uncover the diagenetic water condition and dolomite formation in the Songliao Basin 91 Ma

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yuke Liu Huajian Wang Jinyou Zhang Yuntao Ye Xiaomei Wang Shuichang Zhang research institute of Petroleum exploration and development National Key Laboratory for Multi-resource collaborated Green development of continental Shale oil Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent exploration and development， institute of Geology and Geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences PetroChina daqing oilfield co.， Ltd.

Lacustrine dolomite is receiving increasing attention to answer the diagenetic water condition of paleo-lake and “dolomite problem”. Here， a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity， alkalinity， and redox conditions of the diagenetic water. Multiple proxies， including bulk boron （B） content， B isotope composition (δ11Bbul)， boron to gallium weight ratio （B/Ga） and carbonate oxygen isotope composition (δ18Ocarb)， were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh. Through numerical simulation， we calculated the B contents， δ11B values and B/Ga in detritus （e.g.， clay， quartz and feldspar） and dolomite as two endmembers， confirming the intense interference of clay minerals on δ11Bbul. By using the fitted δ11B of dolomite endmember （20.6‰）， we calculated the pH value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2. The negative δ11B value of detritus endmember （-12.9‰） might be related to the terrestrial weathering. The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio （Sr/Ba） was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system. High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicated a sulfate-poor water condition， consistent with the iron-manganese （Fe-Mn） reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio. The positive carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb， 4.5‰-9.4‰) indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite， coinciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water. The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria， which had not only maintained the salinity， pH， and redox status of the diagenetic water， but also led to a ferric-methane transition zone （FMTZ）. This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water， which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich condition.

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Fracturing-flooding technology for low permeability reservoirs:A review

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 202-215页

作者： Nianyin Li Shijie Zhu Yue Li Jingrui Zhao Bo Long Fei Chen Erzhen Wang Wentao Feng Yanan Hu Shubei Wang Chen Jiang State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China CNPC Southwest oil and Gas field company exploration and development research institute Chengdu 610051China CNPC Southwest oil and Gas field company Shale Gas research institute Chengdu 610051China Western Drilling Tuha Underground Operation company Turpan838200China Changqing Downhole Technical Service company of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering co. Ltd.CNPCXi’anChina Petroleum Technology research institute Petrochina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi'anChina

The development of low-permeability oil and gas resources presents a significant challenge to traditional development *** address the problem of“no injection and no production”in low-permeability reservoirs,a novel fracture-injection-production integration technology named fracturing-flooding has been proposed by oilfield *** technology combines the advantages of conventional fracturing,water flooding,and chemical flooding,resulting in improved reservoir physical properties,increased injection,replenished energy,and increased oil displacement *** technology is especially suitable for low-permeability reservoirs that suffer from lack of energy,and strong ***-flooding technology has shown significant results and broad development prospects in some oilfields in *** paper analyzes the development status of fracturing-flooding technology from its development history,technical mechanism,technical characteristics,process flow,types of fracturing and oil displacement fluids,and field *** and numerical simulations of fracturingflooding technology are also *** results suggest that fracturing-flooding technology is more effective than conventional fracturing,water flooding,and chemical flooding in stimulating lowpermeability tight reservoirs and improving oil ***,it has a high input-output ratio and can be utilized for future reservoir stimulation and transformation.

关键词： Fracturing-flooding Enhanced oil recovery Low permeability reservoirs Water flooding Injection Chemical flooding Fracturing

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Characteristics and genesis of tuffaceous shale oil lithofacies:A case study of Lucaogou Formation in Santanghu Basin

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Petroleum research 2024年第1期9卷 37-47页

作者： Dongsheng Xiao Xiong fei Xu Jilun Kang Yiting Zhang PetroChina Tuha oilfield company exploration and development research institute China

Lucaogou Formation in the Santanghu Basin is a special lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary deposits rich in volcanic debris and carbonate,with abundant shale oil ***,understanding of shale oil characteristics and genesis remains ***,sedimentary environment,and formation mechanisms of tuffaceous shale oil are investigated based on core and thin section observations,X-ray diffraction,field emission SEM and geochemical *** show that three mixed lithofacies types are developed in Lucaogou Formation:blocky tuff,laminated tuffaceous dolomite,and laminated dolomitic *** lithofacies types are characterized by high content of felsic and dolostone,widespread organic matter,and low clay *** of tuffaceous shale oil sweet spots is primarily influenced by four factors:inputting of volcanic ash as a high-quality source rocks and reservoirs provides good material basis;devitrification of volcanic glass,calcitization,and dissolution are crucial for formation of reservoirs;expulsion of source rocks with high-abundance organic matter expulsion facilitates migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in adjacent reservoirs;fracture development improves reservoir permeability to form highly productive sweet *** analyzing characteristics and genesis of tuffaceous shale oil,the main controlling factors of reservoir physical property and oil saturation are clarified,which is of great significance for selection of shale oil exploration zones.

关键词： shale oil Tuffaceous Formation mechanism Lucaogou formation Santanghu basin

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Anisotropy measurements and characterization of the Qingshankou shale

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Applied Geophysics 2024年第3期21卷 468-478,617页

作者： Li Qing-feng Yan Xue-hong Yan Wei-lin Ren Li Wang Peng Han Jian-qiang Xia Xue Chen Hao daqing oilfield exploration Division Daqing163000HeilongjiangChina daqing Branch company of CNPC Logging Daqing163000HeilongjiangChina exploration and development research institute of daqing oilfield co. Ltd.Daqing163712China State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Qingshankou shale(Gulong area,China)exhibits strong acoustic anisotropy characteristics,posing significant challenges to its exploration and *** this study,the five full elastic constants and multipole response law of the Qingshankou shale were studied using experimental *** show that the anisotropy parametersϵandγin the study region are greater than 0.4,whereas the anisotropy parameterδis smaller,generally *** simulations show that the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of these strong anisotropic rocks vary significantly with inclination angle,and significant differences in group velocity and phase velocity are also *** logging measures the group velocity in dipped boreholes;this differs from the phase velocity to some *** the dip angle increases,the longitudinal and SH wave velocities increase accordingly,while the qSV-wave velocity initially increases and then decreases,reaching its maximum value at a dip of approximately 40°.These results provide an effective guide for the correction and modeling of acoustic logging time differences in the region.

关键词： Transverse isotropy anisotropy parameter sonic logging group velocity phase velocity

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Characteristics of geological structures in Shiling and Zhuanshanhu areas of Yehe Uplift,NE China

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Global Geology 2024年第2期27卷 105-120页

作者： GUAN Yue YU Yinghua ZHANG Yaxiong YUAN Hongqi Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Formation Mechanism and Resource Evaluation in Heilongjiang Province Daqing 163318HeilongjiangChina Sinopec Petroleum exploration and Production research institute Beijing 100083China

The basin marginal fault system is the key to understand the formation and evolution of Songliao *** order to investigate the influence of marginal fault system on the structural evolution of Songliao Basin,a comprehensive study was conducted on Shiling Town and Zhuanshanhu area of Yehe Town in Siping City of Jilin Province,where is the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin and there are a series of well-exposed fault,fold and intrusive bodies belonging to the main marginal fault system of the Songliao Basin known as the Jiamusi-Yitong(Jia-Yi)fault *** profile measurement and field investigation,samples with various lithologies and distinctive features were *** field and laboratory works include component and microstructure analysis of these samples,rock-rock contact analysis,main strike measurement and statistics *** data reveal the structural characteristics of the fold,fault and intrusive bodies in the study *** research results show that the folds are distributed in the Mesozoic strata near the main fault of the eastern branch of the Jia-Yi fault zone,and the folded strata involve the Cretaceous Denglouku and Quantou *** addition,the section is dominated by high-angle strikeslip thrust ***-colored veins and dark-colored veins are extensively distributed in the exposed *** analysis of joint and fault attitudes in the study area reveals a right-lateral strike-sliping along the main *** large-scale right-lateral strike-slip and thrust fault system in Shiling Town occurred in right-lateral transpressive stage in Late *** on the results above,tectonic evolution sequence in Shiling section of the Jia-Yi fault zone during the Mesozoic can be divided into five stages:Middle Jurassic left-lateral ductile strike-slip stage,Late Jurassic compression stage,Early Cretaceous tension stage,Early Cretaceous extension stage and Late Cretaceous right-lateral transpressive stage

关键词： Jia-Yi fault structural characteristics evolution sequence Shiling Zhuanshanhu northern segment Tanlu fault

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