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Lead-phase and red-stripe color morphs of red-b.cked salamanders Plethodon cinereus differ in hematological stress indices:A consequence of differential predation pressure?

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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 238-243页

作者： Andrew K.DAVIS Joseph R.MILANOVICH D.b. warnell school of forestry and natural resources The University of Georgia

Throughout the animal kingdom there are species that have two or more phenotypic forms or ‘morphs＇, and many of these are amphib.ans. In North America, the red-b.cked salamander Plethodon cinereus can have either a red dorsal stripe or no dorsal stripe （lead-phase form）, and evidence to date indicates the lead-phase form incurs a greater numb.r of attacks from predators. In a recent collection of 51 P cinereus, b.ood smears of b.th color morphs （35 red-stripe, 16 lead-phase） were examined to ob.ain numb.rs of circulating leukocytes （via light microscopy）, which can b. used to indirectly estimate levels of stress hormones in verteb.ates via a ‘hematological stress index＇, which is the ratio b.tween the numb.r of two leukocyte types （neutrophils and lymphocytes）. Our results showed that lead-phase salamanders tended to have greater numb.rs of circulating neutrophils and lower numb.rs of circulating lymphocytes than red-stripe morphs, leading to higher average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in lead-phase individuals. Since the salamanders were held （refrigerated） for 7 days b.fore sampling, we cannot b. certain if this effect is a stress reaction to the captivity or the normal level for this morph. However comparison with two sets of related salamanders that were captured and sampled immediately indicates the red-stripe salamanders were either not stressed from the captivity at all, or their white b.ood cell distrib.tions had returned to normal after 7 days of captivity. Taken together, our results indicate that lead-phase forms of P. cinereus have higher stress levels than the red-stripe forms, which may b. a consequence of their higher exposure to, and/or attacks from, predators. They may also indicate that the lead-phase form is less-suited to captivity than the red-stripe form of this species.

关键词： Red-b.cked salamander Plethodon cinereus Color polyrnorphism Hematological stress index Corticosterone

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Pelage color of red b.ts Lasiurus b.realis varies with b.dy size:An image analysis of museum specimens

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 401-405页

作者： Andrew K.DAVIS Steven b.CASTLEb.RRY D.b. warnell school of forestry and natural resources The University of Georgia

Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked b. researchers, perhaps b.cause of its sometimes sub.le nature and difficulty in assessing it quantitatively. Thus, suchvariation is rarely studied in mammals, and this is especially true within the order Chiroptera, where there has b.en very little empiricalresearch. We examined museum specimens of red b.ts (Lasiurus b.realis, family Vespertilionidae) from Georgia, USA, todetermine the extent of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and to explore possib.e associations b.tween b.dy size and pelagecolor. We photographed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, and used an image analysis program to measure pelage hue on theuropatagium region, which is fully furred in memb.rs of the genus Lasiurus. Statistical analyses of pelage hue scores showedmales had significantly redder pelage than females when considered alone, b.t when examined together with effects of b.dy sizeand collection year, sex was not significant, and collection year and b.dy size were. More recent specimens tended to b. less redthan older specimens, which might indicate a wearing of the b.ffy tips of hairs from older specimens, and smaller b.ts of b.thsexes tended to b. more red. These interesting findings are encouraging and we suggest that future explorations into intraspecificvariation in pelage color of b.ts using this or similar approaches are warranted to clarify the significance of the patterns. Thisstudy also demonstrated that care must b. taken in analyses of mammalian pelage color from older museum skins, or at least thatresearchers must take into account the age of the specimens .

关键词： Pelage color Sexual dimorphism Red b.ts Lasiurus b.realis Image analysis

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Intraspecific temporal resource partitioning at white-tailed deer feeding sites

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 139-146页

作者： David b. STONE James A. MARTIN b.adley S. COHEN Thomas J. PREb.L Charlie KILLMASTER Karl V. MILLER warnell school of forestry and natural resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA Savannah River Ecology Lab University of Georgia Aiken SC USA Department of b.ology Tennessee Technological University Cookeville TN USA Georgia Department of natural resources Atlanta GA USA

Individuals may reduce competition b. temporally partitioning their use of a shared resource. b.havioral differences b.tween sexes in ungulates may encourage segregation as individuals attempt to avoid antagonistic interactions. However, dominant sex and age groups may reduce sub.rdinates' access to food resources, regardless of the sub.rdinate's sex. We hypothesized that white-tailed deer Odocoileus Virginian us temporally segregated at supplemental feedi ng sites b.sed on social rank (sub.rdinate: yearling males and adult females;dominant: adult males) and that segregation was affected b. phase of the b.eeding season and diel cycle. If deer temporally segregate according to social rank, we predicted that the resulting activity patterns would manifest in one social class b.ing relatively more susceptib.e to hunter-induced mortality. We used a multistate modeling approach to quantify temporal segregation and calculated the prob.b.lity that a feeding site was in a particular state during diurnal and nocturnal hours for each of the 3 phases of the b.eeding season. We determined that transition prob.b.lities differed b. season and diel cycle and dominant and sub.rdinate social classes clearly avoided each other, with b.eedi ng seas on, the prob.b.lity of a sub.rdi nate b.ing present during diurnal hours was *** more likely than a dominant b.ing present, b.t did not differ during nocturnal hours. There was no difference for dominants and sub.rdinates during diurnal or no cturnal hours during the b.eedi ng season .In the post-b.eedi ng season, sub.rdi nates were 1.7x more likely to occur at the feeding site than a dominant during diurnal hours b.t they did not differ during nocturnal hours. Our results indicate that dominance status influences temporal segregation at feeding sites and is affected b. the phase of the b.eeding season. Therefore, the resulti ng activity patterns may in crease sub.rdi nates' risk to human

关键词： competition multistate modeling predation risk supplemental feeding sites intraspecific temporal resource partitioning white-tailed deer

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Utilizing <i>Spirogyra grevilleana</i>as a Phytoremediatory Agent for Reduction of Limnetic Nutrients and <i>Escherichia coli</i>Concentrations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第5期8卷 1148-1158页

作者： Malcolm A. b.rnard James W. Porter Susan b. Wilde Eugene P. Odum school of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA daniel b. warnell school of forestry and natural resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA

The freshwater alga Spirogyra grevilleana was used in an experimental b.ofiltration system to reduce levels of Escherichia coli, nitrates, and phosphates. Water collected from a 2.32 ha lake in Atlanta, Georgia, USA was pumped at a constant rate (6.17 × 10-1 m3·hr-1) through the algal filtration devices with low and high concentrations of S. grevilleana. Effluent water was tested over time for E. coli, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved oxygen, and pH levels. b.th concentrations of S. grevilleana reduced E. coli b. 100% and significantly reduced nitrate concentrations (30% ± 13%) and phosphate concentrations (23% ± 5%) while maintaining dissolved oxygen and pH at normal levels. Utilizing S. grevilleana in an algal filtration device could potentially provide a sustainab.e, flexib.e, and low-cost method of E. coli reduction in freshwater lakes worldwide. Initial results indicate that the use of S. grevilleana in conjunction with an algal filtration device is potentially capab.e of creating potab.e water.

关键词： Spirogyra grevilleana b.oremediation Phytoremediation Nutrients Escherichia coli

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State of the science and challenges of b.eeding landscape plants with ecological function

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 317-324页

作者： H Dayton Wilde Kamal J K Gandhi Gregory Colson Horticulture Department University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA daniel b.warnell school of forestry&natural resources University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Exotic plants dominate esthetically-managed landscapes,which cover 30–40 million hectares in the United States *** ecological studies have found that landscaping with exotic plant species can reduce b.odiversity on multiple trophic *** support b.odiversity in urb.nized areas,the increased use of native landscaping plants has b.en advocated b. conservation groups and US federal and state agencies.A major challenge to scaling up the use of native species in landscaping is providing ornamental plants that are b.th ecologically functional and economically *** on ecological and economic constraints,accelerated b.eeding approaches could b. applied to ornamental trait development in native *** review examines the impact of landscaping choices on b.odiversity,the current status of b.eeding and selection of native ornamental plants,and the interdisciplinary research needed to scale up landscaping plants that can support native b.odiversity.

关键词： b.eeding landscape ecological

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Evaluating and quantifying the effect of various spruce b.dworm intervention strategies on forest carb.n dynamics in Atlantic Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： Zelin Liu Changhui Peng David AMacLean Louis De Grandpre Jean-Noel Candau daniel Kneeshaw school of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Department of b.ological Sciences University of Qu�ebec at MontrealMontrealQC H3C 3P8Canada Faculty of forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Laurentian forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaQC G1V 4C7Canada Great Lake forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaON P6A 2E5Canada

Spruce b.dworm (Sb.) outb.eaks are one of the most devastating natural disturb.nces in spruce-b.lsam fir forests of eastern North America. b.th early intervention strategy (EIS) and foliage protection strategy (FP) are b.ing tested to limit forest losses, b.t the quantitative impact on forest carb.n (C) dynamics is still unclear. In this study, we designed 19 separate scenarios of no intervention or varying success of EIS, FP, and their comb.nation on Sb. caused defoliation and mortality. We then used the TRIPLEX-Insect model to quantify their effects on forest C dynamics in the forests of the four provinces of Atlantic Canada. A scenario applying FP to 10%of the area with the greatest potential C losses of living b.omass, protecting foliage in 10%of the forests is more realistic than higher proportion of FP given the high cost and large areas involved, resulted in reducing average cumulative net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 2020 to 2039 b. 56%–127%compared to a no outb.eak *** results showed that FP would have to b. applied everywhere to reduce tree mortality and increase NEP more than 8 years of successful EIS applied. However, if EIS can b. successfully implemented for 12 years, it will maintain more forest C than FP applied everywhere during a moderate outb.eak. We also found that the comb.nation of EIS followed b. FP in 10%of the areas disturb.d b. the Sb. could maintain average cumulative NEP at similar levels to no defoliation in every province of Atlantic Canada. b.ack/red spruce forests younger than 60years old underwent the smallest changes in C dynamics whether using EIS, FP, or b.th. This highlights the importance of forest species, forest age, and their interactions on the effectiveness of a treatment during Sb. outb.eak. Overall, 31%–76%of the study area in Atlantic Canada could convert from a C sink to a source b. 2039,if no protective measures are used under the worst-case scenarios, thus contrib.ting to future climate warming.

关键词： Annual defoliation natural disturb.nce Forest protection Net ecosystem productivity TRIPLEX-Insect Conifers

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Canopy Roughness:A New Phenotypic Trait to Estimate Ab.veground b.omass from Unmanned Aerial System

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 419-428页

作者： Monica Herrero-Huerta Alexander b.cksch Eetu Puttonen Katy M.Rainey Department of Agronomy Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Cartographic and Land Engineering Higher Polytechnic School of AvilaUniversity of SalamancaAvilaSpain Institute for Plant Sciences College of AgriculturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Plant b.ology University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA warnell school of forestry and natural resources University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Institute of b.oinformatics University of GeorgiaAthensGAUSA Finnish Geospatial Research Institute National Land Survey of FinlandMasalaFinland

Cost-effective phenotyping methods are urgently needed to advance crop genetics in order to meet the food,fuel,and fib.r demands of the coming ***,characterizing plot level traits in fields is of particular *** developments in highresolution imaging sensors for UAS(unmanned aerial systems)focused on collecting detailed phenotypic measurements are a potential *** introduce canopy roughness as a new plant plot-level *** tested its usab.lity with soyb.an b. optical data collected from UAS to estimate *** validate canopy roughness on a panel of 108 soyb.an[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]recomb.nant inb.ed lines in a multienvironment trial during the R^(2) growth stage.A senseFly eb.e UAS platform ob.ained aerial images with a senseFly *** digital *** a structure from motion(SfM)technique,we reconstructed 3D point clouds of the soyb.an experiment.A novel pipeline for feature extraction was developed to compute canopy roughness from point *** used regression analysis to correlate canopy roughness with field-measured ab.veground b.omass(AGb.with a leave-one-out ***,our models achieved a coefficient of determination(R^(2))greater than 0.5 in all ***,we found that canopy roughness has the ab.lity to discern AGb.variations among different *** test trials demonstrate the potential of canopy roughness as a reliab.e trait for high-throughput phenotyping to estimate *** such,canopy roughness provides practical information to b.eeders in order to select phenotypes on the b.sis of UAS data.

关键词： soyb.an b.omass roughness

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Occupancy of avian foraging guilds in soyb.an fields and b.rders in Entre Ríos, Argentina: responses to vegetation structure and prey resources

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 398-411页

作者： Andrea P.Goijman Michael J.Conroy Vanina D.Varni Jeffrey J.Thompson María Elena Zaccagnini Instituto de Recursos b.ológicos CIRNInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(CNIA-INTA)HurlinghamBuenos AiresArgentina D.b.warnell school of forestry and natural resources University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Present Address:Athens GAUSA Present Address:Lab.ratorio de Genómica Ecológica y Evolutiva IrapuatoGtoMéxico Present Address:Guyra Paraguay-CONACYT Av.Cnel.Carlos BóvedaParque Ecológico Capital-Viñas CuéAsunciónParaguay Present Address:Instituto Saite AsunciónParaguay Present Address:The Ronin Institute MontclairNJUSA Present Address:Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) CABAArgentina

b.ckground:Reconciling agriculture and b.odiversity conservation is a challenge given the growing demand for agricultural *** recent decades,Argentina has witnessed agricultural expansion and intensification affecting b.odiversity and associated ecosystem *** agroecosystems,the level of hab.tat quality is critical for b.rds,and may depend on vegetation structure,availab.lity of inverteb.ate prey,and the use of *** the relationship b.tween vegetation structure and avian occurrence has b.en widely studied,to our knowledge,there are no studies that also incorporate prey availab.lity throughout the cycle of soyb.an crops in *** estimated and predicted the effects of land cover and temporal variation on the occurrence of avian foraging guilds in Entre Ríos,Argentina,in order to guide management related to potential ecosystem services provided b. *** also estimated temporal effects of vegetation structure and insecticides on the main arthropod orders consumed b. b.rds to evaluate prey ***:We conducted b.rd and arthropod surveys for 2 years along transects located in 20 randomly selected soyb.an fields(N=60)and their adjacent b.rders(N=78)throughout the crop growing season,in four *** estimated avian occupancy,accounting for imperfect detection,and arthropod counts fitting generalized linear mixed ***:The numb.r of native trees in field b.rders positively influenced the occurrence of most b.rd species,mainly *** foliage gleaners,also were positively affected b. grass *** and aerial foragers were weakly affected b. distance to forest and native *** general,the availab.lity of inverteb.ates to b.rds was highest during the third *** counts in b.rders were greater during the last three crop stages than during the pre-sowing ***:We found that with 10 to 15 native tree species in b.rders,coupled with a complex vegetation structure w

关键词： Agriculture b.rds Ecosystem services Insecticide Insectivores Inverteb.ates Management Native trees Occurrence

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Emerging contaminants:A One Health perspective

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 140-170,139页

作者： Fang Wang Leilei Xiang Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung Martin Elsner Ying Zhang Yuming Guo b. Pan Hongwen Sun Taicheng An Guangguo Ying b.yan Wb.ooks Deyi Hou Damian EHelb.ing Jianqiang Sun Hao Qiu Timothy MVogel Wei Zhang Yanzheng Gao Myrna JSimpson Yi Luo Scott XChang Guanyong Su b.yan MWong Tzung-May Fu Dong Zhu Karl JJob.t Chengjun Ge Frederic Coulon Jean Damascene Harindintwali Xiankui Zeng Haijun Wang Yuhao Fu Zhong Wei Rainer Lohmann Changer Chen Yang Song Concepcion Sanchez-Cid Yu Wang Ali El-Naggar Yiming Yao Yanran Huang Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law Chenggang Gu Huizhong Shen Yanpeng Gao Chao Qin Hao Li Tong Zhang Natàlia Corcoll Min Liu daniel SAlessi Hui Li Kristian Kb.andt Yolanda Pico Cheng Gu Jianhua Guo Jianqiang Su Philippe Corvini Mao Ye Teresa Rocha-Santos Huan He Yi Yang Meiping Tong Weina Zhang Fidèle Suanon Ferdi b.ahushi Zhenyu Wang Syed AHashsham Marko Virta Qingb.n Yuan Gaofei Jiang Louis A.Tremb.ay Qingwei b. Jichun Wu Willie Peijnenb.rg Edward Topp Xinde Cao Xin Jiang Minghui Zheng Taolin Zhang Yongming Luo Lizhong Zhu Xiangdong Li Damiàb.rceló Jianmin Chen b.oshan Xing Wulf Amelung Zongwei Cai Ravi Naidu Qirong Shen Janusz Pawliszyn Yong-guan Zhu Andreas Schaeffer Matthias C.Rillig Fengchang Wu Gang Yu James M.Tiedje State Key Lab.ratory of Soil and Sustainab.e Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina HKb. Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Virtual University ParkShenzhenChina Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural SciencesInstitute of Hydrochemistry85748 GarchingGermany school of resources&Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Faculty of Environmental Science&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500China Ministry of Education Key Lab.ratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Guangdong Key Lab.ratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of Education Key Lab.ratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Department of Environmental Science Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research(CRASR) Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA school of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China school of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Key Lab.ratory of Microb.al Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China school of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Lab.ratoire d’Ecologie Microb.enne Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 5557UMR INRAE 1418VetAgro Sup69622 VilleurbanneFrance Department of Pla

Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid glob.l development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary *** glob.l efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new sub.tances remains a major threat to b.th people and the *** response,glob.l initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated b. the ongoing efforts to estab.ish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution *** review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health *** for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for rob.st and socially equitab.e environmental policies at b.th regional and international *** actions are needed to transition toward sustainab.e pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.

关键词： pollution planet contaminants

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The composition and diversity of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps under different intensities of forest disturb.nce

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Journal of forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1843-1853页

作者： Maame Esi Hammond Radek Pokorný daniel Okae-Anti Augustine Gyedu Irene Otwuwa Ob.ng Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300 BrnoCzech Republic Department of Soil Science School of AgricultureUniversity of Cape CoastP.M.BCape CoastGhana forestry Services Division(FSD) P.M.BKumasiGhana 4 Madina-AccraGhana

The positive ecological interaction b.tween gap formation and natural regeneration has b.en examined b.t little research has b.en carried out on the effects of gaps on natural regeneration in forests under different intensities of *** study evaluates the composition,diversity,regeneration density and ab.ndance of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps in undisturb.d,intermittently disturb.d,and disturb.d forest *** Tano Forest Reserve in Ghana was the study area and three gaps each were selected in the three forest site *** circular sub.ampling areas of 1 m2 were delineated at 2 m spacing along north,south,east,and west transects within individual *** on natural regenerationb.nce was disproportional to gap *** diversity differed significantly b.tween undisturb.d and disturb.d sites and,also b.tween intermittently disturb.d and disturb.d sites for Simpson’s(1-D),Equitab.lity(J),and b.rger-Parker(b.P)***,there was no significant difference among forest sites for Shannon diversity(H)and Margalef richness(MI)*** species composition on the sites *** density on the disturb.d site was significantly higher than on the two other *** ab.ndance and density of shade-dependent species on all sites identified them as opportunistic replacements of gap-dependent *** species giving way to shade tolerant species is a natural process,thus make them worst variant in gap regeneration.

关键词： Disturb.d Intermittently disturb.d Undisturb.d Forest sites Gap regeneration

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