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Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 131-150页

作者： Masafumi Yamaguchi Yasuyuki Ota Taizo Masuda Christian Thiel Anastasios Tsakalidis Arnulf Jaeger-Waldau Kenji Araki Kensuke Nishioka Tatsuya Takamoto Takashi Nakado Kazumi Yamada Tsutomu Tanimoto Yosuke Tomita Yusuke Zushi Kenichi Okumura Takashi Mabuchi Akinori Satou Kyotaro Nakamura Ryo Ozaki Nobuaki Kojima Yoshio Ohshita Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Faculty of Engineering Miyazaki University Miyazaki Japan Toyota motor co.poration Susono Japan European co.mission— Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy Sharp co.poration Nara Japan Toyota motor co.poration Toyota Japan Nissan motor co.poration Yokosuka Japan

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces co. emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving o... 详细信息

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces co.sub>2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate co.ditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate co.ditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some co.fficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative co.ling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative co.ling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature co.fficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-co.ditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

关键词： Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaics (VIPV) VIPV-Powered Electric Vehicles Driving Distance PV Modules Solar Irradiation Temperature Rise Radiative co.ling

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Development of New Sliver Probe for co.ling Power Test of Polymer Quenchants

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 437-442页

作者： Michiharu NARAZAKI Mamoru TAJIMA Shigeru ASADA Katsumi ICHITANI Hideo YOKOTA Mitsugu TANAKA Youichi WATANABE Utsunomiya University Utsunomiya JapanKanagawa University Yokohama JapanNippon Grease Co. Ltd. Osaka JapanIdemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd. Chiba JapanNippon Oil Corporation Yokohama JapanNissho Engineering Co. Ltd. Kobe JapanNissan Motor Co. Ltd. Yokohama Japan

Working group on co.ling power test of quenchants of Japanese Heat Treatment Society has studied on the new method for testing co.ling power of aqueous quenchants. This method employed the co.ling curve test of a new sliver rod probe, which has a metal-sheathed thermoco.ple at its geometrical center. The experimental study has clarified that the new silver probe has more excellent durability than the JIS silver probe employed for co.ling power test of heat treating oils (JIS K 2242) and an aluminum alloy probe. Good repeatability and reproducibility of the co.ling curves during polymer quenching have been co.firmed. This new method is useful especially for co.ling power test of aqueous quenchants used for solution heat treatment of aluminum alloys. This new silver rod probe is expected to be adopted for the revised version of JIS K 2242 as the co.ling power test method for aqueous quenchants.

关键词：聚合物淬火剂动力试验冷却曲线银探测器

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Winding Function Theory Based Thrust Calculation on Nested-loop Seco.dary Linear Machine Adapted to Linear Metro

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CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems 2023年第2期7卷 153-162页

作者： Yaping Zhang Jian Ge Wei Xu Hao Tang Yang Gao Xiaoliang Chen Shihu Su Zhen Bao the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China IEEE Xiangyang CRRC motor Technology co. Ltd.Xiangyang 441000China CRRC Zhuzhou Institute co. Ltd.Zhuzhou 412001China Guangzhou Metro Group co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510330China the Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric co. Ltd.and CRRC Zhuzhou Motor Co.Ltd.Zhuzhou 412001China

With advantages of strong drive capability,nested-loop seco.dary linear machine(NLS-LM)has great potentiality in linear *** its seco.dary structure with multiple loops,it is difficult to calculate the electromagnetic thrust of NLS-LM ***,in this paper,one thrust calculation method is proposed co.sidering variable loop inductance and transient loop ***,to establish the seco.dary winding function,the modeling domain is co.fined to a limited range,and the equivalent loop span is employed by analyzing the co.pling relationship between primary and ***,in order to obtain the seco.dary flux density,the transient seco.dary current is solved based on the loop impedance and induced ***,the electromagnetic thrust can be calculated reasonably by the given primary current sheet and the calculated seco.dary flux *** simulations and experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Nested-loop seco.dary Linear metro Electro-magnetic thrust Finite element algorithm(FEA) Transient nested-loop current Winding function

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Real-Time co.optimization of Gear Shifting and Engine Torque for Predictive Cruise co.trol of Heavy-Duty Trucks

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 294-317页

作者： Hongqing Chu Xiaoxiang Na Huan Liu Yuhai Wang Zhuo Yang Lin Zhang Hong Chen School of Automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and co.trol Jilin UniversityChangchunChina Qingdao Automotive Research Institute Jilin UniversityQingdaoChina Dongfeng co.mercial Vehicle Technology Center Dongfeng Motor CorporationWuhanChina

Fuel co.sumption is one of the main co.cerns for heavy-duty *** cruise co.trol(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel co.sumption by using the upco.ing road *** this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty *** minimize fuel co.sumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive co.trol(MPC),in which the upco.ing road elevation information is *** the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time co.suming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting *** programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed ***,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are co.ducted to verify the performance of the proposed *** results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing ***,the proposed co.optimization co.troller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without co.promising the truck’s travel time.

关键词： Heavy-duty truck Predictive cruise co.trol Model predictive co.trol Pontryagin’s maximum principle Real-truck implementation

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Sulfur poisoning mechanism of three way catalytic co.verter and its grey relational analysis

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第11期21卷 4091-4096页

作者：蔡皓刘亚飞龚金科鄂加强耿玉鹤余立平 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body (Hunan University) GAC Mitsubishi motor co. Ltd.

co.bining a detailed catalytic surface reaction mechanism with noble metal and promoter elementary reactions, a new three-way catalytic co.verter(TWC) reaction mechanism is established. Based on the new mechanism, steady co.dition numerical simulation is carried out, and the change of light-off temperatures and co.version efficiency with various SO2 co.tents is obtained. By grey relational analysis(GRA), the relational grade between co.version efficiency and SO2 co.tent is obtained. And, the result shows that SO2 co.tent has the most important influence on C3H6 and NOX co.version efficiency. This provides an important reference to the improvement of activity design of TWC, and may provide guidance for the co.dition design and optimization of TWC.

关键词： sulfur poisoning three-way catalytic co.verter reaction mechanism numerical simulation grey relational analysis

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Outsourcing or Not? The OEMrs Better co.lecting Mode under Cap-and-Trade Regulation

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2021年第2期30卷 151-177页

作者： Lei Yang Caixia Hao Yijuan Hu Department of Electronic Business South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Automobile Group motor co. LTDGuangzhou 511434China

Many original equipment manufacturers(OEMs)carry out co.lecting operations by themselves or a third *** of the existing research papers in the literature co.sider the co.lecting mode selection problem from an eco.omic ***,in practice,the firm's co.lecting decisions can be affected by the carbon policies at *** paper aims to bridge the gap in research on remanufacturing supply chain by taking the effects of cap-and-trade regulation into *** models are established to study the quantity and price decisions under different co.lecting *** find that the OEM reaps more profits in the OEM co.lecting mode than the third-party co.lecting mode when co.lection co.t is ***,the third party has lower co.lection co.t,and the third-party co.lecting mode may make the OEM more *** an environmental perspective,with high co.lection co.t,the third party co.lecting mode can reduce the carbon emissions unless the co.t of new products and the emissions intensity are *** addition,when the co.lection co.t is low but the quantity of remanufacturing products is restricted by that of new products,the third party co.lecting mode may increase the carbon *** addition,the implementation of cap-and-trade regulation can always reduce carbon emissions,and it may increase the OEM's profits if co.sumers preference for remanufactured products is small.

关键词： Remanufacturing co.lection decision carbon emissions cap-and-trade regulation

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Formability of Fe-Mn-C Twinning Induced Plasticity Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2013年第11期20卷 111-117页

作者： HUANG Yao ZHAO Ai-min MI Zhen-li JING Hai-tao LI Wen-yuan HUI Ya-jun Engineering Research Institute University of Science and Technology Beijing ME Department SAIC motor Passenger Vehicle co. Shougang Research Institute of Technology

A co.parative analysis of formability was investigated between F^Mn-C twinning induced plasticity steel with different Mn co.tents and interstitial free steel. Tensile test co.bing with the morphology of fracture reveals that element Mn is helpful for the forming of inclusion or particles with film or rod shapes inducing the crack initia- tion and propagation. During stamping process, twinning induced plasticity steel without earing shows better anisot- ropy than interstitial-free steel because a typical 〈111〉 fiber texture forms acco.panied by a weaker 〈100〉 fiber texture. The difference between the two steels is not evident during Erichsen co.e cupping test, but the result of co.e cupping test indicates that the twinning induced plasticity steel has superior drawing ability co.pared with intersti tial-free steel. The different performances can be attributed to the different deformation mechanism during cupping test. FED （forming limit diagram） of tested steels further suggests twinning induced plasticity steel has slightly su- perior deep drawability but low stretchability than that of IF steel, whose FLD0 value can reach 30%.

关键词： TWIP steel earing co.e cupping forming limit diagram

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Surface Roughness and Roundness of Bearing Raceway Machined by Floating Abrasive Polishing and Their Effects on Bearing's Running Noise

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第3期27卷 543-550页

作者： PANG Guibing QI Xuezhi MA Qinyi ZHAO Xiujun WEN Chunsheng XU Wenji PENG Yanping School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Dalian Polytechnic University Dalian Wazhou Precision motor & Automobile Bearing co. ltd School of Mechanical Engineering Dalian University of Technology

As the two most important indexes of bearing raceway, surface roughness and roundness have significant influence on bearing noise. Some researchers have carried out studies in this field, however, reason and extent of the influence of raceway surface geometric characteristics on bearing running noise are not perfectly clear up to now. In this paper, the raceway of 6309 type bearing＇s inner and outer ring is machined by floating abrasive polishing adopting soft abrasive pad. Surface roughness parameters, arithmetical mean deviation of the profile Ra, the point height of irregularities Rz, maximum height of the profile Rmax and roundness fof raceways, are measured before and after machining, and the change rules of the measured results are studied. The study results show that the floating abrasive polishing can reduce the surface geometric errors of bearing raceway evidently. The roundness error is reduced by 25%, Rm^x value is reduced by 35.5%, Rz value is reduced by 22% and Ra value is reduced by 5%. By analyzing the change of the geometrical parameters and the shape difference of the raceway before and after machining, it is found that the floating abrasive polishing method can affect the roundness error mainly by modifying the local deviation of the raceway＇s surface profile. Bearings with different raceway surface geometrical parameter value are assembled and the running noise is tested. The test results show that Ra has a little, Rmax and Rz have a measurable, and the roundness error has a significant influence on the running noise. From the viewpoint of co.trolling bearings＇ running noise, raceway roundness error should be strictly co.trolled, and for the surface roughness parameters, R,n^x and Rz should be mainly co.trolled. This paper proposes an effective method to obtain the low noise bearing by machining the raceway with floating abrasive polishing after super finishing.

关键词： surface roughness roundness polishing lapping bearing raceway noise

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Dynamic analysis of traction motor in a loco.otive co.sidering surface waviness on races of a motor bearing

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第4期29卷 379-393页

作者： Yuqing Liu Zaigang Chen Wei Li Kaiyun Wang State Key Laboratory of Traction Power Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China motor Technology Department CRRC Yongji Motor Co.Ltd.Xi’an 710018China

The traction motor is the power source of the *** the surface waviness occurs on the races of the motor bearing,it will cause abnormal vibration and noise,accelerate fatigue and wear,and seriously affect the stability and safety of the traction power *** this paper,an excitation model co.pling the time-varying displacement and co.tact stiffness excitations is adopted to investigate the effect of the surface waviness of the motor bearing on the traction motor under the excitation from the loco.otive-track co.pled *** detailed mechanical power transmission path and the internal/external excitations(e.g.,wheel–rail interaction,gear mesh,and internal interactions of the rolling bearing)of the loco.otive are co.prehensively co.sidered to provide accurate dynamic loads for the traction *** of the wavenumber and amplitude of the surface waviness on the traction motor and its neighbor co.ponents of the loco.otive are *** results indicate that co.trolling the amplitude of the waviness and avoiding the wavenumber being an integer multiple of the number of the rollers are helpful for reducing the abnormal vibration and noise of the traction motor.

关键词： Rolling bearing Traction motor Waviness Vibration responses Vehicle-track co.pled dynamics

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PIV Measurements of Flows around the Wind Turbines with a Flanged-Diffuser Shroud

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Journal of Thermal Science 2008年第4期17卷 375-380页

作者： Kazuhiko Toshimitsu Koutarou Nishikawa Wataru Haruki Shinichi Oono Manabu Takao Yuji Ohya Dept.of Mechanical Engineering Oita National College of Technology Kawasaki Precision Machinery Ltd. Honda motor co. Ltd. Machine & Electronics co. Ltd. Dept.of Mechanical Engineering Matsue National Collage of Technology Research Institute of Applied Mechanics Kyushu University

The wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud -so called ＂wind lens turbine＂- are developed as one of high performance wind turbines by Ohya et al. In order to investigate the flow characteristics and flow acceleration, the paper presents the flow velocity measurements of a long-type and a co.pact-type wind turbines with a flanged-diffuser shroud by particle image velocimetry. In the case of the long type wind turbine, the velocity vec- tors of the inner flow field of the diffuser for turbine blades rotating and no blades rotating are presented at Rey- nolds number, 0.9x105. Fur^thermore the flow fields between with and without rotating are co.pared. Through the PIV measurement results, one can realize that the turbine blades rotating affects as suppress the disturbance and the flow separation near the inner wall of the diffuser. The time average velocity vectors are made on the av- erage of the instantaneous velocity data. There are two large vortices in downstream region of the diffuser. One vortex behind the flange acts as suck in wind to the diffuser and raise the inlet flow velocity. Another large vortex appears in downstream. It might be act as blockage vortex of main flow. The large blockage vortex is not clear in the instantaneous velocity vectors, however it exists clearly in the time average flow field. The flow field around the wind turbine with a co.pact-type flanged-diffuser shroud is also investigated. The flow pattern behind the flange of the co.pact-type turbine is the same as the long-type one. It means that the effect of flow acceleration is caused by the unsteady vortices behind the flange. The co.parison with CFD and PIV results of meridional time-average streamlines after the co.pact-type diffuser is also presented.

关键词： wind turbine PIV wind energy flanged diffuser flow visualization

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