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Impact of Connexins on Atherogenesis: A Brief Review

Journal of Integrative Medicine（双语） 2018年第2期7卷 12-19页

作者： Veronika A. Myasoedova Dongwei Zhang Reinhard Wetzker Andrey V. Grechko Alexander N. Orekhov Laboratory of Angiopathology Institute of General Pathology and PathophysiologyMoscow 125315Russia dabetes research center Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Klinik für Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedizin Universitatsklinikum Jena Austria Federal Scientific Clinical center for Resuscitation and Rehabilitation MoscowRussia Institute for Atherosclerosis research Skolkovo Innovative CenterMoscow 121609Russia Centre of Collective Use Institute of Gene BiologyMoscow 121552Russia

Connexins family in humans consists of 21 highly conserved proteins that are responsible for contact formation between cells. On the cell surface, connexins form hemichannels, or connexons. Two hemichannels brought together form a gap junction, a form of intercellular contact that allows for direct transfer of material and signals between the adjacent cells. Gap junctions serve for transporting ions and other soluble, low molecular weight molecules therefore synchronizing the microenvironment of the contacting cells and maintaining cell and tissue homeostasis. Impairment of gap junctions is associated with different pathological conditions. Importantly, it has been described in atherosclerosis, which causes local cellular dysfunction in the arterial wall tissues followed by the development of atherosclerotic plaque. There are 3 main connexins expressed in human cardiovascular system: Cx37, Cx40, and Cx43. Alterations in the arterial wall cells observed in atherosclerosis include changes in the expression pattern of the main connexins and impairment of intercellular contacts and communication. According to the currently available data, Cx37 and Cx40 have anti-atherogenic and vasculoprotective properties, while Cx43 appears to be more pro-atherogenic. However, the effects of connexins are cell type-dependent and in many cases, remain to be studied in detail. In this review, we summarize the available knowledge on connexins of the arterial wall cells involved in atherosclerosis development.

关键词： Connexin Connexon Gap junction Atherosclerosis Vascular wal

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