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Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds isolated from the fungal endophytes of Zingiber nimmonii （J. Graham） Dalzell.

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第2期12卷 151-162页

作者： Madhuchhanda Das Harischandra Sripathy Prakash Monnanda Somaiah Nalini Department of Studies in botany University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore - 570 006 Karnataka India Department of Studies in Bioteehnology University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore- 570 006 Karnataka India

BACKGROUND： The microbes living in planta termed ＇endophytes＇ is bestowed with the potential to produce bioactive substances. The aim of this investigation was focused on the isolation and molecular identification of the fungal endophytes from Zingiber nimmonii （J. Graham） Dalzell., an endemic medicinal plant species of the ＇Western ghats＇, a hotspot location in southern India and characterization of the secondary metabolites responsible for the ant^oxidant and DNA protective capacity using chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. METHODS： Endophytic fungi were isolated and identified by sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacer （ITS）. The secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and evaluated for the total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacities. The isolates with potential antioxidative property were further analyzed for the DNA protection ability and the presence ofbioactive phenolic compounds by High Performance Liquid Chromatography （HPLC） and Electrospray Ionization- Mass Spectroscopy/Mass Spectroscopy （ESI-MS/MS） techniques. RESULTS： Endophytic fungi belonging to 11 different taxa were identified. The total phenolic content of the extracts ranged from 10.8±0.7 to 81.6±6.0 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. F lavonoid was present in eight extracts in the range of 5.2 ±0.5 to 24.3±0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g dry extract. Bipolaris specifera, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus terreus, Nectria haematococca and Fusarium chlamydosporum extracts exhibited a potentially high ant^oxidant capacity. Characterization of the extracts revealed an array of phenolic acids and flavonoids. N. haematococca and E chlamydosporum extracts contained quercetin and showed DNA protection ability. CONCLUSION： This study is the first comprehensive report on the fungal endophytes from Z. nimmonii, as potential sources of antioxidative and DNA protective compounds. The study indicates that Z. nimmonii endophytes are potential sources of antioxidants

关键词： endophytic fungi Zingiber Westem Ghats phenolic acids flavonoid DNA protection

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Surfactant assisted solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and study of their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第6期34卷 1035-1043页

作者： Mina Zare K. Namratha K. Byrappa D.M. Surendra S. Yallappa Basavaraj Hungun Centre for Materials Science and Technology Vijnana Bhavan University of Mysore 570006 India dos in Earth Science University of Mysore Vijnana Bhavan Manasagangotri Mysore 570 006 India Dept. of Chemistry Gokhale Centenary College Ankola 581314 Uttara Kannada India Department ofBiotechnology KLE Technological University Hubballi 580031 India

This study demonstrated a solvothermal method of growth of three different morphologies of zinc oxide nanoparticles （ZnO NPs）： i） flower-like nanorod and nanoflakes, ii） assembled hierarchical structure, and iii） nano granule. Oleic acid （C18H3402）, gluconic acid （C6H1207） and tween 80 （C64H124026） were used as surfactant/capping/reducing agent for the formation of different morphologies of nanoparticles. The as-synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by different physicochemical techniques such as UV-vis （UV-vis） spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR）, field emission scanning electron microscopy （FE-SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） analysis and dynamic light scattering （DLS） studies. Further, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of these nanostructures was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of these nanostructures was assessed via 2,2-diphenyl,1-1 picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）, 2,2＇-azino-bis （3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid）（ABTS） and H202 free radical scavenging activity. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the obtained nanostructures was demonstrated against both gram negative （Escherichia coil） and gram positive （Staphylococcus aureus） bacterial genera. This study revealed antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different structures ofZnO NPs suggesting their biomedical and industrial applications.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles Solvothermal method Nanorods Nanoflakes[k]Nano granule Antioxidant & antimicrobial studies

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Disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss estimation in MaizeCrop using deep learning

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2022年第1期6卷 276-291页

作者： Nidhi Kundu Geeta Rani Vijaypal Singh Dhaka Kalpit Gupta Siddaiah Chandra Nayaka Eugenio Vocaturo Ester Zumpano Department of Computer and Communication Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipurIndia ICAR dos in Biotechnology University of Mysore ManasagangotriMysore 570005India DIMES(Department of Computer Engineering ModelingElectronics and Systems)University of CalabriaItaly Nanotec Italian National Research Council87036 RendeCSItaly

The increasing gap between the demand and productivity of maize crop is a point of concern for the food industry,and ***'susceptibility to diseases such as Turcicum Leaf Blight,and Rust is a major cause for reducing its *** detection,and classification of these diseases,calculation of disease severity,and crop loss estimation is a time-consuming ***,it requires expertise in disease ***,there is a need to find an alternative for automatic disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss *** promising results of machine learning,and deep learning algorithms in pattern recognition,object detection,and data analysis motivate researchers to employ these techniques for disease detection,classification,and crop loss estimation in maize *** research works available in literature,have proven their potential in automatic disease detection using machine learning,and deep learning ***,there is a lack none of these works a reliable and real-life labelled dataset for training these ***,none of the existing works focus on severity prediction,and crop loss *** authors in this manuscript collect the real-life dataset labelled by plant *** propose a deep learning-based framework for pre-processing of dataset,automatic disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss *** uses the K-Means clustering algorithm for extracting the region of ***,they employ the customized deep learning model‘MaizeNet’for disease detection,severity prediction,and crop loss *** model reports the highest accuracy of 98.50%.Also,the authors perform the feature visualization using the ***,the proposed model is integrated with a web application to provide a userfriendly *** efficacy of the model in extracting the relevant features,a smaller number of parameters,low training time,high accuracy favors its importance as an assisting tool for plant pathology experts.T

关键词： Disease detection Crop loss Severity Deep learning Maize

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Micropropagation of Eucalyptus grandis×*** AEC 224 clone

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第1期28卷 29-39页

作者： Cassiana de Oliveira Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach Gisela Manuela de Franca Bettencourt Erika Amano Luziane Franciscon Marguerite Quoirin Department of Plant Science Federal University of Parana1540Rua dos FuneionariosCuritibaParanaBrazil Embrapa-Forest 111Estrada da RibeiraColomboParanaBrazil Department of Technology Federal University of Parana210avenida CelFrancisco Heraiclito dos SantosCuritibaParanaBrazil Department of botany Federal University of Parana210avenida CelFrancisco Heraiclito dos SantosCuritibaParanaBrazil

Genetic transformation systems require protocols that allow regenerating transgenic plants from transformed tissues. This study aimed to establish a protocol for indirect organogenesis in leaf explants of a Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla AEC 224 clone. During callogenesis stage, several concentrations of NAA and then NAA or 2,4-D combined with TDZ were tested in JADS culture medium for 30 days, followed by subculture of the explants in the regeneration medium, containing 5.0 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA for another 30 days. In these media, the explant oxidation rate was high （95 %）. Thus, in order to reduce oxidation, different ;culture media were compared： WPM, MS, JADS and modified QL, followed by explant transfer onto regeneration medium. The highest percentage of regeneration and the lowest oxidation rate were achieved on WPM medium. Then, NAA and 2,4-D were tested in combination with TDZ and also TDZ and BA combined with NAA in WPM medium. The most efficient culture media in terms of shoot regeneration were WPM supplemented with 0.25 μM TDZ and 0.1μM NAA during 30 days for callus induction and then with 5.0 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA for another 30 days. This protocol yielded a regeneration rate of 43 %, with a low oxidation of tissues. A rooting experiment was conducted using half strength MS medium and comparing three concentrations of IBA （2.46, 4.90 and 7.35μM）. The highest rooting percentage （35 %） was obtained on medium containing 2.46μM IBA. Once the shoots were rooted, acclimatization in a greenhouse was not challenging and plant survival reached 100 %.

关键词： Callogenesis Eucalyptus urograndis Organogenesis WPM culture medium

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Effect of Dietary Thyme （Thymus vulgaris） and Mint （Menthe piperita） on Some Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第8期1卷 1288-1290页

作者： A. M. Aghazadeh R. Abdolkarimi Z. Ashkavand Department of animal science Urmia University Urmia Iran dos in biochemistry Manasagangotri Mysore University Mysore India

A total of 280-day-old broilers （Ross 308） were randomly assigned to seven groups each containing for replicates with 10 chicks. The control group received the corn soybean meal based diet. In the treatment groups the basal diet was supplemented with one of following 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% Thyme and Mint extracts. Triglyceride was significantly decreased by addition of 0.2% and 0.4% of Thyme extract （TE）. The TE supplemented diets contained significantly lower cholesterol concentration and low density lipoprotein compared to the control diet. High density lipoprotein content was not significantly affected by dietary treatments. Likewise, differences among groups were not significant for hematocrit and hemoglobin level. The addition of Mint extract （ME） to the broiler diet led to a significant reduction in the triglyceride, cholesterol concentration and LDL. Differences among groups were not significant for HDL, hematocrit, or hemoglobin level. The results showed that both of TE and ME supplementation significantly decreased plasma level of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were also numerically increased with the addition of both TE and ME.

关键词： Thyme extract Mint broiler blood parameters.

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Effect of Growth Regulators on Seed Germination and Its Significance in the Management of <i>Aeginetia indica</i>L. —A Root Holoparasite

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第10期3卷 1490-1494页

作者： Chellopil Raman Vijay Mallegowdanakoppalu Channappa Thriveni Gyarahally Rangappa Shivamurthy Department of Studies in botany University of Mysore Manasagangotri Mysore India Maharani’s Science College for Women Mysore India

Seed germination in root holoparasites depends on receipt of certain chemical signals from the host plant. It is possible to induce germination in such seeds without the association of hosts by using growth regulators under in vivo and in vitro conditions. IAA, GA3 and Kinetin have been used to induce seed germination in Aeginetia indica L. to analyse the possible ways of exploiting knowledge of germination for the management of this weed. Seeds pre treated with 50 mg·L–1 of GA3 showed the production of aseptate, uninucleate root hair-like tubules, which probably help in the anchorage with host root. Under in vitro, GA3 (5.0 and 7.5 mg·L–1) has been found to induce and enhance percentage of seed germination. Therefore, it is concluded that GA3 could be used to bring suicidal germination of seeds thereby manage this parasitic weed effectively. Further production of uninucleate tubules and organisation of conventional bi-polar seedling under the influence of GA3 is being reported for the first time in this taxon.

关键词： Aeginetia indica Seed Germination Suicidal Germination Growth Regulators Embryonal Tubules

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In vitro establishment of shoot meristems of Ilex paraguariensis and identification of endophytic bacteria

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1765-1777页

作者： Jessica de Cassia Tomasi Juliana Degenhardt-Goldbach Renata Lucia Grunennvaldt Germana Davila dos Santos Vania Aparecida Vicente Luziane Franciscon Cleusa Bona Marguerite Quoirin Department of Crop Production and Protection Federal University of Parana1540 Rua dos Funciona′riosCuritibaPR 80035-060Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(EMBRAPA)Forestry ColomboPRBrazil Department of Basic Pathology Federal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil Department of botany Federal University of ParanaCuritibaBrazil

Yerba mate(Ilex paraguariensis ***.-Hil.)is a species of great economic,social and environmental importance for the southern regions of Brazil,Uruguay and *** the most diverse products are obtained from mate leaves,including mate *** objective of this study was to establish shoot meristem cultures(meristematic dome and a few primordia)of elite clones and identify the endophytic bacteria present in the *** tested the effect of clones(F1,F2,A03 and A07),culture media(MS,1/2MS,1/4MS and WPM),cytokinins(kinetin,BA and 2iP),activated charcoal(1,2 and 3 g L^-1),and disinfecting agent(sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride)on in vitro establishment.F1 and F2 clones were the most responsive for shoot meristem in vitro *** medium supplemented with 8.8 lM 2iP,0.2 lM NAA and 3 g L^-1 activated charcoal was the most suitable for the in vitro establishment of the F1 *** phytotoxic effect of the disinfectant was observed and some meristems *** isolated endophytic bacterium was identified for the first time in yerba mate as Agrobacterium *** conclude,we were able to establish in vitro culture of yerba mate using meristems as explants but the tissues were not free of endophytic microorganisms which could interfere with explant response.

关键词： Yerba mate Tissue culture 2iP Activated charcoal Endophytic bacteria Agrobacterium larrymoorei Oxidation

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Biological Monitoring of Urban Vehicular Pollution

Biological Monitoring of Urban Vehicular Pollution

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7th World Congress on Recovery, Recycling and Re-integration

作者： Shobha Jagannatha C.C.Hemavathi Jagannatha Venkataramaiah dos in botany university of mysore "Sahana 437 A & B Block Double Road mysore 570023 Karnataka India Maharani's Science College "Sahana" 437 A & B Block Double Road mysore Karnataka India IOBB "Sahana" 437 A & B Block Double Road mysore Karnataka India

Urban air quality management in developing countries due to vehicular pollution is a lowered priority. However, the health damages are significant. The implied pollution has three levels of impacts namely health, resources and ecological imbalances. Urban air pollution leading to irreversible damages at all three levels has been well documented in selected Indian cities. Irreversible reproductive health damage and increased degenerative type of diseases are few of the significant health impairments. This is happening despite rules providing emission standards for motor vehicles. While the pollution preventive strategies can reverse the damages leading to improved urban environmental quality, the monitoring has been a lowered priority. Dedicated monitoring facilities are either costly or unavailable. Thus, urban air quality even though very important is often neglected. Biological monitoring of urban air quality is quite useful. Danish Urban Air Quality Monitoring using lichens is a well-known activity. An ultra structural response of leaf surface has been successfully used as bio-indication for vehicular pollution studies for the city of mysore, India. The changes observed in the cutilar and epidermal features indicate the significance of bio-monitors of atmospheric pollution Results of an ongoing research showed that photograph and scanning electron microscopic studies revealed an increase in the number of stomata and narrowing of stomata aperture in the leaf

关键词： quality management, air pollution, biological monitoring, Samanea saman

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Plant diversity and community structure of Brazilian Páramos

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第6期15卷 1186-1198页

作者： Prímula Viana CAMPOS Pedro Manuel VILLA Jaquelina Alves NUNES Carlos E.G.R.SCHAEFER Stefan POREMBSKI Andreza Viana NERI Federal university of Vicosa Department of Plant Biology Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants Campus Universitdrio 36570-900 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil Foundation for the Conservation of Biodiversity 7101 Merida Venezuela Minas Gerais State university Rua dos estudantes 23 Santa Emilia 36800-000 Carangola Minas Gerais Brazil 4 Federal University of Vicosa Department of Soil Campus Universit（lrio 36570-900 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil 5 University of Rostock Institute of Bioseience Department of Botany Wismarsehe Str. 44/45 D-18051 Rostoek Germany

In Eastern South America, high altitude grasslands represent a mountain system that has a high number of endemic species. However, studies on the ecology of plant communities in these environments remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate the patterns of biodiversity and structure of plant communities from rocky outcrops in high altitude grasslands of three areas at the Caparaó National Park, southeastern Brazil, by sampling 300 randomly distributed plots. Then, we compared the floristic composition, relative abundance, and biological and vegetation spectra among areas. We classified species as endemic and non-endemic and verified the occurrence of endangered species. Species richness was evaluated by rarefaction analysis on the sampling units. The importance value and species abundance distribution(SAD) models were assessed. We also performed an indicator species analysis. We sampled 58 species belonging to 49 genera and 32 families. The number of species decreased with increasing altitude, with significant differences being observed among areas regarding richness, abundance, and cover. Of the total number of species, 10 are endemic to the Caparaó National Park and 17 are listed on the Brazilian Red List of endangered species. The dominant families on all peaks were Asteraceae and Poaceae. The SAD models showed lognormal and geometric distributions, corroborating the fact that 10 species that were common to all three areas were also the most dominant ones in the communities and showed the highest importance values, which ranged between 35% and 60%. Indicator species analysis revealed that 28 species(48.27%) were indicators. Of these, 42.85% had maximum specificity, meaning that they occurred only in one area. Thus, the number of species per life form ratio was similar among areas, yet vegetation spectra differed, especially for hemicryptophytes. The altimetric difference among the areas showed to be a very important driver in the community assembly, influencing the evalu

关键词： Rock outcrops High altitude grasslands Species abundance distribution Species richness

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Variability, heritability and genetic advance in mulberry (<i>Morus</i>spp.) for growth and yield attributes

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Agricultural Sciences 2012年第2期3卷 208-213页

作者： Subramaniam Gandhi doss Shyama Prasad Chakraborti Sukhen Roychowdhuri Nirvan Kumar Das Kunjupillai Vijayan Partha Dev Ghosh Mala V. Rajan Syed Mashayak Hussaini Qadri Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute Berhampore India Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute Mysore India Central Silk Board BTM Layout Bangalore India Department of botany University of Kalyani Kalyani India Research Extension Center Nabagram India

Genetic improvement of crop plants is brought about by manipulating the genetic makeup through systematic breeding techniques or by employing modern biotechnological tools. Application of systematic breeding technique to a large extent is decided by the knowledge on the genetic control of the traits. Keeping this in view, nine mulberry genotypes were evaluated for different growth and yield attributing traits viz., number of tillers (NT), plant height (PH), total shoot length (TSL), nodal distance (ND), leaf fall % (LF), number of leaves/plant (NLP), weight of 100 fresh leaves (WFL), weight of 100 dry leaves (WDL), single leaf area (LA), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (AGB), leaf harvest index (LHI) and leaf yield (LY) and estimated the magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic variation, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients. The broad sense heritability for these traits ranged from 63.942 (WFL) to 13.261 (PH). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the characters WFL, LF, LA, WDL and LY suggesting the higher genetic control over these traits. Leaf yield showed significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with all other growth traits except PH and LF. Leaf fall had significant negative correlations with all the highly heritable yield attributes viz., ND (-0.379), WDL (-0.225), LA (-0.346), LAI (-0.233) at 1% level and AGB (-0.148), LHI (-0.122) and LY (-0.146) at 5% level. Likewise, it showed positive correlations with TSL (0.558), NLP (0.264) and PH (0.221). Since mulberry is mainly cultivated for leaf yield, genotypes having higher WFL, LA, WDL and LY and less LF must be given importance during parent selection to evolve high yielding varieties with less leaf fall across different seasons in mulberry.

关键词： Variability Heritability Genetic Advance Yield Attributes Low Leaf Senescence

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