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Sweetener and Flavor Enhancer Food Additives in Industrial Food Products Marketed in dakar: Frequency and diversity

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 101-117页

作者： Alé Kane Alioune Sow Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Coumba Gueye Sagna Papa Amadou diakhaté Mady Cissé Amadou diop Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques Agronomiques Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM) Université Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint-Louis Senegal département des Technologies Agroalimentaires|UFR des Sciences Agronomiques de l’Aquaculture et des Technologies Alimentaires (S2ATA) Saint-Louis Senegal Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP) Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de chimie analytique et bromatologie UCAD Dakar Senegal

Sweeteners and flavor enhancers are food additives widely used in industry, respectively, to add sweetness and flavor to foods. However, the presence of these substances is often criticized by consumers for their effects on health. What’s more, some scientific studies link these substances to certain pathologies. To guarantee food safety, competent authorities should have food standards based on risk analysis using consistent, reliable data. However, in developing countries, such data is often weak or non-existent. The aim of this study is therefore to carry out a pilot survey to establish the profile of sweeteners and flavour enhancers present in industrial food products marketed in Senegal. The methodology consisted of sampling various food products sold on the Senegalese market, based on analysis of labels containing information on ingredients, including additives. The investigation involved nine stores, one supermarket and 5 mini-markets in dakar. The results showed the presence of 6 taste enhancers in food products, the most frequent being sodium L-monoglutamate (E621), inosinate (E631) and disodium guanylate (E627). Solid broths are the foodstuffs with the highest number of taste exhalters. As for sweeteners, 12 substances were identified, the most frequent being acesulfame potassium (E950), aspartame (E951), sucralose (E955) and saccharin (E954). Given the potential health risks associated with the consumption of these food additives, their control and monitoring on the market should be a priority for the competent authorities.

关键词： Exhalter Sugar Acesulfame Potassium Sodium Monoglutame Artificial Health Risk

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Technical-Economic Performance, Carcass and Meat Quality of COBB500 Broilers Fed Rations Incorporating Mango By-Product Feeds in Ivory Coast (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Timbilfou Kiendrébéogo Alidjata Traoré Etienne Sodre drissa Barry Isidor Ouedraogo Marcelle Grace Koidja Vianney Tarpaga Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Recherches en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etude des Ressources naturelles et des Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie (ED-SNA) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (UCAO) Section du Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso direction Régionale de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques de l’Est Fada Burkina Faso

The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine Ed10 for a batch of 83 birds, Ed20 (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCd (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to Tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgMS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the Ed10, Ed20 and CCd rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCd ration were significantly higher than those of the Ed10 and Ed20 (p 0.05). AdGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCd, Ed20 to Ed10 (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for Ed20 and CCd were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for Ed10 (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of Ed20 had reached and exceeded that of CCd by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, Ed20 to Ed10 (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of Ed20 and CCd rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of Ed10 ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCd, Ed20 and Ed10 (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCd ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the Ed20 and Ed10 rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production that is more appreciated than that of chickens fed

关键词： Broiler COOB 500 Chickens Mango Feed Carcass Characteristics Tengrela Ivory Coast

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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur les Ressources naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etudes en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A discriminant Factorial Analysis (dFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development or adaptation of technologies, could improve the

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine Methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

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Antiseptic Efficacy of A Soap Made from Biosurfactants Isolated from Bacillus and Lactobacillus against Pathogenic Bacteria

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 31-58页

作者： Frédéric Yannick Okouakoua Christian Aimé Kayath Nicaise Saturnin Mokémiabeka Varelle Bervanie Ngala Elenga digne Nedjea N’goma-Mona Ndelani Nkalla Lambi Sandra Paola Elenga Wilson Christ dieuveil Bayakissa Malanda Rodinet Tsana Junior Patrick Sergy Bissoko1 Moïse doria Kaya-Ongoto duchel Jeanedvi Kinavouidi Etienne Nguimbi Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Molé culaire (BCM) Facult&eacute des Sciences et Techniques Universit&eacute Marien N’gouabi Brazzaville Congo Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et naturelles (IRSEN) Avenue de l’Auberge Gascogne Brazzaville Congo

The aim of our study was to use a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus and Lactobacillus isolates as an antiseptic in the formulation of local soap. A total of 60 isolates were characterized by microbiological techniques (30 Bacillus and 30 Lactobacillus) and the ability to produce biosurfactants was demonstrated by a hydrocarbon emulsification index (E24). The emulsification indexes (E24) varied from 9% to 100% for Bacillus and from 33% to 100% for Lactobacillus as well. The antagonistic assay showed that biosurfactants were able to inhibit the formation of biofilms and growth of pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhirium, Shigella boydii and Proteus mirabilis. The biosurfactant consortium (BioC) from Bacillus consortium and from Lactobacillus was able to inhibit biofilm formation and the pathogens growth. The BioC was stable to alkaline pH and the temperatures stability of Biosurfactant was ranging from 50°C to 90°C. The soap was made by the cold saponification process using one biosurfactant consortium formulated. This soap has a pH of 10 and showed good cleaning power and good foam stability. Similarly, the soap showed good antiseptic power and disinfection power against all pathogens tested. Handwashing is critical to preventing disease transmission. The persistence of pathogens in waste water was evaluated. The BioS produced showed good disinfection power against all pathogens tested. The valor of reduction on the hands and in the waste water was significantly more than compared to the control soaps used. This soap could be used in the prevention, fighting, and treatment of bacterial and viral infections.

关键词： Antiseptic Soap Biosurfactants Bacillus Lactobacillus disinfection Pathogens bacteria

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Seasonal variations in dissolved organic matter concentration and composition in an outdoor system for bank filtration simulation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 252-261页

作者： Muhammad Zeeshan Omamah Ali Shamas Tabraiz Aki Sebastian Ruhl German Environment Agency Section II 3.3Schichauweg 5812307BerlinGermany Technische Universitat Berlin Water TreatmentKF4Str.des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany Natural and Applied Sciences Section School of Psychology and Life SciencesCanterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyCT11QUUK

dissolved organic matter(dOM)in surface waters can vary markedly in character depending on seasonal variations such as rainfall intensity,UV radiations and temperature.Changes in dOM as well as temperature and rainfall intensity over the year can affect the biochemical processes occurring in bank filtration(BF).Identification and characterization of dOM in the surface water could help to optimize the water treatment and provide stable and safe drinking water.This study investigated year-long variations of dOM concentrations and compositions in a surface water of a circulated outdoor pond(research facility)connected to a BF passage.dOM was dominated by humic substances and a changing pattern of dOM in surface water was observed throughout the year.A significant increase of dOM(~38%)in surface water was noted in August compared to November.The fluorescent dOM showed that dOM in summer was enriched with the degradable fraction whilst non-degradable fraction was dominated in winter.A constant(1.7±0.1 mg/L)effluent dOM was recirculated in the system throughout the year.dOM removal through BF varied between 4%to 39%and was achieved within a few meters after infiltration and significantly correlated with influent dOM concentration(R^(2)=0.82,p0.05)change in the removal of dOM was observed in two subsurface layers(upper and lower).This study highlights the presence of a constant non-degradable dOM in the bank filtrate,which was not affected by temperature,redox conditions and UV radiations.

关键词： Bank filtration dissolved organic matter dissolved oxygen Fluorescence spectroscopy Excitation-emission matrix

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Hypoglycaemic effect of Berberis vulgaris L.in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第6期1卷 468-471页

作者： Nawel Meliani Mohamed El Amine dib Hocine Allali Boufeldja Tabti Laboraloire des substances naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO) departement de Chimie Faculte des SciencesUniversite Aboubekr Belkaid BP 119

Objective:To achieve a primary pharmacological screening contained in the aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris(B.vulgaris) and to examine the hypoglycaemic effect and biochemical parameters of aqueous and saponins extract on groups of rats rendered diabetic by injection of streptozotocin.Methods:The phytochemicol tests to detect the presence of different compounds were based on the visual observation of color change or formation of precipitate after the addition of specific reagents.diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal(i.p.) injection of streptozotocin(STZ) at a dose of 65 mg/kg bw.The fasting blood glucose levels were estimated by glucose oxidase-peroxidase reactive strips(dextrostix,Bayer diagnostics).Blood samples were taken by cutting the tip of the tail.Serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides were estimated by enzymatic dHBS colorimetric method.Results:Administration of 62.5 and 2S.0 mg/kg of saponins and aqueous extract respectively in normal rats group shows a significant hypoglycemic activity(32.33%and 40.17%respectively) during the first week.However,diabetic group treated with saponin extract produced a maximum fall of 73.1%and 76.03%at day 1 and day 21 compared to the diabetics control.Also,blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract showed decrease of 78.79%on the first day and the effect remains roughly constant during 3 week. Both extracts also declined significantly biochemical parameters(20.77%-49.00%).The control in the loss of body weight was observed in treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic controls. Conclusions:These results demonstrated significant antidiabetic effects and showed that serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides levels were decreased,significantly,consequently this plant might be of value in diabetes treatment.

关键词： Berberis vulgaris L. Antidiabetic activity Streptozotocin-induced diabetes Saponins Aqueous extract Photochemical screening Hypoglycaemic effect Biochemical parameters Cholesterol Triglycerides Glucose oxidase-peroxidase Colorimetric method

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Valorization of Griffonia simplicifolia Seed Oil for Biodiesel Production: A Sustainable Alternative

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第11期15卷 759-781页

作者： Kosi Mawuéna Novidzro Kwami Aldo Eric Kolor Sassou Megnassan Kossi Honoré Koumaglo Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et des Ressources naturelles (LAGEPREN) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université de Kara Kara Togo

Bio-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel), are promising alternatives for alleviating the adverse effects of fossil fuel consumption on climate change and preventing petroleum resource depletion. However, the selection of a viable feedstock for competitive biodiesel production remains challenging. Recent studies focusing on Griffonia simplicifolia seeds, the sole plant industrially exploited for 5-hydroxy- tryptophan (5-HTP) extraction, have shown that G. simplicifolia seed oil (GSO) can be solvent-extracted directly from ground seeds or the remaining seed cakes obtained after 5-HTP extraction with quantitative yields. This work documents the conversion of GSO into biodiesel through homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification. The refractive index and density of the obtained methyl ester mixtures decreased with increasing oil-to-methanol molar ratio, reaction temperature, and time. Under specific conditions, 1.43 wt% FFA oil, 63.5C, 60 min, and 1:9 oil/MeOH molar ratio with 1.2 wt% NaOH or 1.3 wt% KOH as catalysts, optimal reaction conditions were reached. There were no significant differences in the potential for diminution of the refractive index and density between the NaOH and KOH catalysts. The predicted fuel properties based on the fatty acid composition determined by GC-MS showed that G. simplicifolia biodiesel exhibited a cetane index of 50.29, volumetric energy density of 34.97 MJ/L, cloud point of -1.03°C, kinematic viscosity of 4.07 mm2/s, and oxidative stability of 0.65 h. Apart from its unfavorable oxidative stability and slightly lower energy density compared to petrodiesel, all other calculated parameters met the current standards. The valorization concept proposed in this study should be integrated into the 5-HTP extraction process, preferably using the remaining dry seed cakes as raw materials to maximize revenue in a bioeconomic and sustainable approach.

关键词： Griffonia simplicifolia Seed Cakes Vegetable Oil Biodiesel

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Petrology and Geochemistry of Loukounga Metabasites Rocks: Constraining the Geodynamic Context of Neoproterozoic Nemba Complex in the Mayombe Belt

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第11期12卷 919-946页

作者： Ulrich Verne Matiaba Bazika Vicky Tendresse Télange Bouénitéla Nelson Makamba Lekeba Florent Boudzoumou Laboratoire de géodynamique Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo département des Géosciences Institut National de Recherches en Sciences Exacts et Naturelles Brazzaville Congo

This study focuses on the metabasite rocks of the Nemba Complex of the Mayombe belt, an African segment of Araçuaï-West Congo Orogen (A-WCO) extending from the southwest of Gabon to the northwest of Angola. These metabasite rocks outcrops are in southwestern Congo along the Loukounga river. The Nemba complex is of Neoproterozoic age and represents the lower part of the west congolian Supergroup. The objective of this study is to constrain the geodynamic context of the Nemba complex from the petrology and geochemistry of the metabasites sampled in the Loukounga River. The observed rocks are composed of amphibolites, metagabbros, epidotites and greenschists and are affected by folding accompanied by flux schistosity and crenulation schistosity. Geochemical analyzes show that the rocks have a basic to ultrabasic chemical composition with SiO2 contents between 41.85% and 58.23%. The geochemical composition of the major and traces elements shows that the rocks are basalts, basaltic andesites and andesites. The magma shows enrichment in LREE, LILE and depletion in HREE and HFSE. The multielement spectra show negative anomalies in Nb-Ta, Ti and a relatively low Nb/La ratio which characterize a lithospheric source contaminated by continental crust. Traces elements discrimination plots show that Loukounga metabasites are emplaced in intraplate geodynamic context like that associated with the basalts of the trap-types continental shelves and are possibly derived from mantle plumes contemporaneous with or slightly prior to magmatism.

关键词： Nemba Complex Mayombe Loukounga Greenstone Geodynamic Context Mantle Plumes

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Overexpression of the angiogenic tetrapeptide AcSdKP and the prolyl oligopeptidase(POP) is a common feature of cancer

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生物物理学报 2009年第S1期25卷 32-33页

作者： Jérme Bignon Alexia Pinault Joanna Wdzieczak-Bakala Institut de Chimie des substances naturelles CNRS 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France

Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a cytosolic enzyme involved in the metabolism of many peptide hormones and neuropeptides (1). It was recently reported that POP is responsible

关键词： AcSdKP Overexpression of the angiogenic tetrapeptide AcSdKP and the prolyl oligopeptidase is a common feature of cancer POP

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Nine Agricultural Biomasses of the Togolese Flora

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第1期14卷 19-35页

作者： Adjo Cynthia Kouakou Agbekonyi Kokou Agbodan Awèdéou Bakpo Moursalou Koriko Koffi Fiaty Simalou Oudjaniyobi Koffi Jondo Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et des Ressources naturelles (LAGEPREN) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire Gestion Traitement et Valorisation des Déchets (GTVD) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire d’Automatique de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique (LAGEPP) Batiment CPE Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon France Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et des substances naturelles (Lab COSNat) Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Green coal or bio-coal is coal produced with rich biodegradable materials, elaborated from agricultural and household residues with a high percentage of carbon. This green charcoal (fuel briquettes) is an alternative to charcoal. Well known for its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, charcoal is one of the causes of tree felling. The valorization of waste by the manufacture of biofuels could be an alternative to the use of charcoal. The general objective of the present study is the valorization of nine biomasses from Togo as raw materials. Specifically, physico-chemical characteristics such as dehydration, acidity, and conductivity were determined. Information on the structure and composition of the biomass was found. These data on the nature of the biomass were found through the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry (TGA). The promising results inform on the nature of the analyzed samples and allow the selection of the best biomass which would give an important thermal conductivity for the manufacture of the briquettes, but also of the binders to be used according to the physico-chemical characteristics like the pH.

关键词： Biomass Valorization Briquettes Material Fuels Physicochemical Characterization

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