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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana Laboratoire d’etudes et de recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’etudes en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A discriminant Factorial Analysis (dFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

Reactions of maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne mosaic Virus

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 742-753页

作者： mounyratou Rabo moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni Oumar Traoré Laboratoire National de Bioscurit Agence Nationale de Bioscurit (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso institut de lEnvironnement et recherches Agricoles Dpartement Productions Vgtales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire detudes et de recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de lEnvironnement (LERNSE) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Gntique et Amlioration des Plantes (LAGAmEP) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Protection et dfense des Cultures (LAPROdeC) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABmV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

关键词： Cowpea Cry1Ab Cowpea Aphid-Borne mosaic Virus Environmental Safety

National Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Inventories under different mangrove Forest Types in Gabon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第2期14卷 127-140页

作者： Rolf Gaël mabicka Obame Neil-Yohan musadji Jean Hervé mve Beh Lydie-Stella Koutika Jean Aubin Ondo Farrel Nzigou Boucka michel mbina mounguengui Claude Geffroy dé partement de Phytotechnologie Institut National d&#8217Agronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon dé partement des Sciences Fondamentales de l&#8217Ing&#233nieur Institut National d&#8217Agronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon institut Agronomiques et Forestiè res Centre National des Recherches Scientifiques et Technologiques Libreville Gabon Research Centre on the durability and the Productivity of Industrial Plantations (CRdPI) Pointe Noire Republic of Congo Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences &#201cole Normale Sup&#233rieure Libreville Gabon Agence Gabonaise d’ &#201tude et d&#8217Observation Spatiale Immeuble les Arcades Libreville Gabon dé partement de G&#233ologie Faculte des Sciences Universit&#233 des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon institut de Chimie des milieux et maté riaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) Universit&#233 de Poitiers Poitiers France

Gabonese’s estuary is an important coastal mangrove setting and soil plays a key role in mangrove carbon storage in mangrove forests. However, the spatial variation in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage remain unclear. To address this gap, determining the SOC spatial variation in Gabonese’s estuarine is essential for better understanding the global carbon cycle. The present study compared soil organic carbon between northern and southern sites in different mangrove forest, Rhizophora racemosa and Avicennia germinans. The results showed that the mean SOC stocks at 1 m depth were 256.28 ± 127.29 mgC ha−1. Among the different regions, SOC in northern zone was significantly (p p deeper layers contained higher SOC stocks (254.62 ± 128.09 mgC ha−1) than upper layers (55.42 ± 25.37 mgC ha−1). The study highlights that low deforestation rate have led to less CO2 (705.3 mg CO2e ha−1 - 922.62 mg CO2e ha−1) emissions than most sediment carbon-rich mangroves in the world. These results highlight the influence of soil texture and mangrove forest types on the mangrove SOC stocks. The first national comparison of soil organic carbon stocks between mangroves and upland tropical forests indicated SOC stocks were two times more in mangroves soils (51.21 ± 45.00 mgC ha−1) than primary (20.33 ± 12.7 mgC ha−1), savanna and cropland (21.71 ± 15.10 mgC ha−1). We find that mangroves in this study emit lower dioxide-carbon equivalent emissions. This study highlights the importance of national inventories of soil organic carbon and can be used as a baseline on the role of mangroves in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation but the variation in SOC stocks indicates the need for further national data.

关键词： mangroves Forest Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Rizophora Racemose Avicenia germinans Gabon

technical-Economic Performance, Carcass and meat Quality of COBB500 Broilers Fed Rations Incorporating mango By-Product Feeds in Ivory Coast (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Timbilfou Kiendrébéogo Alidjata Traoré etienne Sodre drissa Barry Isidor Ouedraogo marcelle Grace Koidja Vianney Tarpaga Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire de Recherches en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et technologique Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’etude des Ressources Naturelles et des Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Ecole Doctorale Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie (ED-SNA) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (UCAO) Section du Burkina Faso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso direction Régionale de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques de l’Est Fada Burkina Faso

The study evaluated the growth performance and carcass quality of COBB500 broilers fed two experimental rations incorporating feed and mango fine Ed10 for a batch of 83 birds, Ed20 (batch of 83 birds) in comparison with a commercial control ration CCd (84 birds). For this purpose, 250 day-old chicks of this breed were purchased in Korhogo and transported to tengréla in Ivory Coast for rearing. The results show that substituting mango provender ans and mango seed flour for maize resulted in rations with costs per kgmS of 215.35FCFA, 2016.93FCFA and 320FCFA for the Ed10, Ed20 and CCd rations respectively. The production costs per kg of chicken (FCPkgLW) of the CCd ration were significantly higher than those of the Ed10 and Ed20 (p 0.05). AdGs were significantly different and decreasing from CCd, Ed20 to Ed10 (p 0.05). Average weights at 42nd day for Ed20 and CCd were homogeneous (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than for Ed10 (p 0.05). By day 49th the average weight of Ed20 had reached and exceeded that of CCd by day 42nd. PSLW, HCW and CCW were significantly different and decreasing from CCW, Ed20 to Ed10 (p 0.05). Average hot (HCY) and cooled (CCY) carcass yields of Ed20 and CCd rations were comparable (p > 0.05) and significantly higher than those of Ed10 ration (p = 0.009) and 0.003). Average drumstick and neck weights were significantly higher and lower for CCd, Ed20 and Ed10 (p 0.05). For all other parts of the cut, the average weights of the CCd ration were significantly higher (p 0.05) than those of the Ed20 and Ed10 rations, which were homogeneous (p 0.05). The incorporation of mango provender and mango seed flour in broiler rations offers the prospect of reduced production costs, less competition between man and animals over cereals, and lean meat production tha

关键词： Broiler COOB 500 Chickens mango Feed Carcass Characteristics tengrela Ivory Coast

temporal and Spatial dynamics of Vaccine-derived Poliovirus (VdPV) in democratic Republic of Congo from 2018 to 2023

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 459-470页

作者： Jean Blaise Yobo Iyala Comlan Cyriaque degbey N’Kpingou Nadakou Ounoussa Tapha Eveline Soclo moise Gimiko Fabrice mawa Chaltin Ambanga Riziki Yogolelo désiré Ekanga Jean Claude Onema institut Rgional de Sant Publique (IRSP) Universit Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Ouidah Bnin Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) Kinshasa Congo institut One Health Pour lAfrique (INOHA) Universit de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Comit des Oprations dUrgence POLIO (COUP) Kinshasa Congo institut National des recherches Biomdicales (INRB) Kinshasa Congo ministre de la Sant Publique Hygine et Prvention Kinshasa Congo

Background: The democratic Republic of Congo (dRC) has been facing outbreaks of VdPV since 2017. These wild poliovirus variants are responsible for poliomyelitis, which is in the process of eradication.. In the following lines, we try to show the evolution of VdPV cases across the country in order to understand their chronological dynamics and seasonal influence. methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of of VdPV notified in the dRC from 2018 to 2023. maps of the spatial dynamics of VdPV cases were produced from attack rates with QGIS® (3.22.8). As for temporal dynamics, time series were decomposed and presented in the form of graphs showing the chronological evolution of VdPV cases and their seasonal trend, using R.4.0 software package. Results: A total of 1196 Cases of VdPV types 1, 2 and 3 were recorded in the biological confirmation databases of the INRB and the Expanded Program of Immunization during the study period across25 provinces. The eastern part of the country reporting the most cases. The general trend is upwards, with a peak in 2022 of 527 cases, whereas in 2021 there was a notable drop of 31 cases. Analysis of the temporal breakdown suggests a seasonal pattern, with peaks between the months of September and december, considered being rainy periods in some provinces. Conclusion: during the 6 years of our study (2018 - 2023) almost all the Health Zones were hit by VdPV epidemics. The eastern part was the most impacted. The seasonal component is well marked suggesting a rise in detection in the rainy season and during pivotal periods of climate change.

关键词： temporal Spatial dynamic Poliovirus Vaccine

The Essential Oil of Ocimum americanum from Senegal and Gambia as a Source of methyleugenol for the Control of Bactrocera dorsalis, Fruit Fly

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 133-141页

作者： Yoro Tine Antonio Alain Coffi Sinzogan Ousmane Ndiaye Cebastiana Sambou Alioune diallo Ismaila mbenga Kemo Badji El Hadji Omar dieng Assa Balayara Jeanne diatta Cheikhouna Gaye Julien Paolini Jean Costa Alassane Wele Saliou Ngom Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique Faculté de Médecine Pharmacie et Odontologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques Universite d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Benin Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture (ENSA) Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Sénégal direction de la Protection des Végétaux Rufisque Sénégal Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels Université de Corse Corte France National Agricultural Research institute (NARI) Sere Kunda Gambia institut Sénégalais de recherches Agricoles (ISRA) Dakar Sénégal

The fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) is one of the most important pests in all mango-producing areas, particularly in West Africa. In Senegal, O. americanum leaves have been used for several years to control this fly. However, to our knowledge, no chemical studies have been carried out. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of O. americanum leaves collected in Senegal and Gambia. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of these leaves is analyzed by GC/FId and GC/mS. Yields of essential oils from O. americanum leaves are 3.84% and 2.13%, respectively. Analysis of these essential oils by GC/FId and GC/mS allowed the identification of 23 compounds representing almost 100% of the total compositions. These essential oils are mainly dominated by methyleugenol (72.0% and 75.8%, respectively). Other components in significant percent are trans-β-caryophyllene (13.9% and 13.0%, respectively), germacrene d (4.1% and 3.7%, respectively), β-elemene (3.3% and 0.9%, respectively). due to the high methyleugenol content, this study explains the attractive potential of O. americanum towards B. dorsalis. In perspective, we plan to evaluate the attractive effect of the essential oil and leaf powder of O. americanum against B. dorsalis, a real pest of mango orchards in Senegal.

关键词： Ocimum americanum Essential Oils methyleugenol Bactrocera dorsalis GC/mS

microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna for Radar Applications

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Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2024年第2期12卷 19-29页

作者： Ronelle Rudaï Gochincka Gogom Charmolavy Goslavy Lionel Nkouka moukengue Brice Rodrigue malonda-Boungou Electrical and Electronic Engineering Laboratory ENSP Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Groupe de Simulations Numriques en magntisme et Catalyse Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo institut National de recherches en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN) Brazzaville Congo Facult des Sciences Appliques Universit Denis Sassou-Nguesso Kintl Congo

The work in this article focuses on developing and improving the performance of new leaky-wave antenna configurations that can be adapted for use in radar systems. The study focused on the W-band, where we demonstrated the possibility of modifying resonant frequencies and reducing the number of patches required. The antenna was designed using HFSS, based on the finite element method. It we designed enabled us to observe the influence of the number of patches on the radiation pattern, and also to achieve low levels of minor’s lobes. and good directivity at the operating frequency. These patches are arranged in the shape of an inverted T. The interest of this study is to meet the requirements of radar antennas dedicated to detection.

关键词： Leaky-Wave Antenna microstrip HFSS Radar Applications

Anthropogenic Threats to degraded Forest Land in the Savannahs’ Region of Togo from 1984 to 2020, West Africa

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 164-179页

作者： Kossi Senyo Ehlui Wouyo Atakpama Henrik von Wehrden Alagie Bah Edinam Kola Christian Anthony-Krueger Hodabalo Egbelou Kokouvi Bruno Kokou Tchaa Boukpessi West Africa Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use (WASCAL) University of the Gambia Banjul Gambia Laboratoire de Recherche sur la dynamique des milieux et des Sociétés Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Laboratoire de Botanique et écologie Végétale Département Botanique Faculté des Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo West Africa Plant Red List Authority (WAPRLA) IUCN Species Survival Commission Gland Switzerland Faculty of Sustainability Center of Methods Leuphana University of Lüneburg Lüneburg Germany Center for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Laboratoire de Recherche sur la dynamique des milieux et des Sociétés (LARdYmES) Department of Geography FSHS University of Lomé Lome Togo department of Science Education University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana institut Togolais de recherches Agronomiques (ITRA) Lomé Togo Laboratoire de recherches Biogéographiques et d’etudes Environnementales Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo

This study focuses on the landscape dynamics of the savannahs’ region in the far north of Togo. Based on a literature review and satellite images analysis using GIS and remote sensing, the study aims to ascertain the effects of anthropogenic threats on the forest coverage of the Savannahs’ Region between 1984 to 2020. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of land use in the region from 1984 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2020. The findings indicate a significant decline in forest coverage within the region from 1984 to 2020, a trend attributed to land use patterns. dry forests in the Savannah region are largely converted to farmlands, housing, dry savannahs or agroforestry parks, leading to a steady reduction in forest areas.

关键词： Forest degradation Land Use Land Cover Savannahs Region Togo

Genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with Gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： mathurin Tiergnin dabiré minimassom Philippe Nikiéma djibril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim Josué Gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré Joseph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia Stewart Jan B. middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama J. Hingane Unit de Formation et de recherches en Sciences et technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso institut de lEnvironnement et de recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led Growth Bureau for Resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CImmYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint FAO/IAEA division of Nuclear techniques in Food and Agriculture department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2d and moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (Ld50) corresponding to 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2d and moussa local varieties, respectively. dried seeds (m0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with Ld50 − 50, Ld50 and Ld50 + 50. m1 seeds were advanced to generate m2, m3 and m4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. m4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2d mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2d mutants and six clusters among moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2d mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea mutagenesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping