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The leaf senescence-promoting transcription factor AtNAP activates its direct target gene CYTOKININ OXIDASE 3 to facilitate senescence processes by degrading cytokinins

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Molecular Horticulture 2021年第1期1卷 60-71页

作者： Youzhen Hu Bin Liu Huazhong Ren Liping Chen Christopher B.Watkins Su-Sheng Gan plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA current address:College of Food Science Shihezi UniversityXinjiang 832000China College of Horticulture China Agriculture UniversityBeijing 100193China current address:department of plant genomics Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UBBellaterraSpain College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA

Cytokinins(CKs)are a class of adenine-derived plant hormones that plays pervasive roles in plant growth and development including cell division,morphogenesis,lateral bud outgrowth,leaf expansion and *** as a“fountain of youth”prolongs leaf longevity by inhibiting leaf senescence,and therefore must be catabolized for senescence to ***,a senescence-specific transcription factor has a key role in promoting leaf *** role of AtNAP in regulating CK catabolism is *** we report the identification and characterization of AtNAP-AtCKX3(cytokinin oxidase 3)module by which CKs are catabolized during leaf senescence in *** AtNAP,AtCKX3 is highly upregulated during leaf *** AtNAP is chemically induced AtCKX3 is co-induced;and when AtNAP is knocked out,the expression of AtCKX3 is *** physically binds to the cis element of the AtCKX3 promoter to direct its expression as revealed by yeast one-hybrid assays and in planta *** of the atckx3 knockout lines have higher CK concentrations and a delayed senescence phenotype compared with those of *** contrast,leaves with inducible expression of AtCKX3 have lower CK concentrations and exhibit a precocious senescence phenotype compared with *** research reveals that AtNAP transcription factor˗AtCKX3 module regulates leaf senescence by connecting two antagonist plant hormones abscisic acid and CKs.

关键词： ABA ABA-cytokinin crosstalk Aging Arabidopsis Cytokinin metabolism Leaf longevity plant hormone Senescence-associated genes(SAGs)

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Characterization of the Formation of Branched Short-Chain Fatty Acid：CoAs for Bitter Acid Biosynthesis in Hop Glandular Trichomes

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Molecular plant 2013年第4期6卷 1301-1317页

作者： Haiyang Xu Fengxia Zhang Baoxiu Liu David V. Huhman Lloyd W. Sumner Richard A. Dixon Guodong Wang State Key Laboratory of plant genomics and National Center for plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Plant Biology 2510 Sam Noble Parkway Ardmore OK 73401 USA current address: department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas Denton Texas 76203 USA

Bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop （Humulus lupulus） glandular trichomes. Branched short-chain acyI-CoAs （e.g. isobutyryI-CoA, isovaleryl- CoA and 2-methylbutyryI-CoA）, derived from the degradation of branched-chain amino acids （BCAAs）, are essential building blocks for the biosynthesis of bitter acids in hops. However, little is known regarding what components are needed to produce and maintain the pool of branched short-chain acyI-CoAs in hop trichomes. Here, we present several lines of evidence that both CoA ligases and thioesterases are likely involved in bitter acid biosynthesis. Recombinant HICCL2 （carboxyl CoA ligase） protein had high specific activity for isovaleric acid as a substrate （Kcat/Km = 4100 s-~ M-l）, whereas recombinant HICCL4 specifically utilized isobutyric acid （Kcat/Km = 1800 s-1 M-1） and 2-methylbutyric acid （Kcat/ Km = 6900 s-1 M-~） as substrates. Both HICCLs, like hop valerophenone synthase （HIVPS）, were expressed strongly in glandular trichomes and localized to the cytoplasm. Co-expression of HICCL2 and HICCL4 with HIVPS in yeast led to significant production of acylphloroglucinols （the direct precursors for bitter acid biosynthesis）, which further confirmed the biochemical function of these two HICCLs in vivo. Functional identification of a thioesterase that catalyzed the reverse reaction of CCLs in mitochondria, together with the comprehensive analysis of genes involved BCAA catabolism, supported the idea that cytosolic CoA ligases are required for linking BCAA degradation and bitter acid biosynthesis in glandular trichomes. The evolution and other possible physiological roles of branched short-chain fatty acid：CoA ligases in planta are also discussed.

关键词： CoA ligase glandular trichomes bitter acid thioesterase evolution Humulus lupulus

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Intra-and interspecific diversity analyses in the genus Eremurus in Iran using genotyping-bysequencing reveal geographic population structure

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2382-2394页

作者： Hanieh Hadizadeh Bochra A.Bahri Peng Qi H.Dayton Wilde Katrien M.Devos department of Horticulture Faculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran Laboratory of Bioaggressors and Integrated Protection in Agriculture The National Agronomic Institute of TunisiaUniversity of Carthage1082 TunisTunisia Institute of plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics(Department of Crop and Soil Sciences)and Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Institute of plant Breeding Genetics and Genomics(Department of Horticulture)University of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Present address:department of plant Pathology University of GeorgiaGriffinGA 30223USA

Eremurus species,better known as‘Foxtail Lily’or‘Desert Candle’,are important worldwide in landscaping and the cutflower *** of the centers of highest diversity of the genus Eremurus is Iran,which has seven ***,little is known about the genetic diversity within the genus *** the advent of genotyping-bysequencing(GBS),it is possible to develop and employ single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers in a costefficient manner in any species,regardless of its ploidy level,genome size or availability of a reference *** structure and phylogeographic analyses of the genus Eremurus in Iran using a minimum of 3002 SNP markers identified either at the genus level or at the species level from GBS data showed longitudinal geographic structuring at the country scale for the genus and for the species *** and ***,and at the regional scale for *** analyses furthermore showed a close genetic relatedness between *** and *** to the extent that they should be considered subspecies within an ***/stenophyllus species *** close genetic relatedness may explain why crosses between these two(sub)species have been found in the wild and are exploited extensively as ***,current species identification,while robust,relies on flower morphology.A subset of seven SNPs with species-specific(private)alleles were selected that differentiate the seven Eremurus *** markers will be especially useful for cultivar protection and in hybrid production,where true hybrids could be identified at the seedling stage.

关键词： structure furthermore centers

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Disruptions in AUXl-Dependent Auxin Influx Alter Hypocotyl Phototropism in Arabidopsis

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Molecular plant 2008年第1期1卷 129-144页

作者： Bethany B. Stonea Emily L. Stowe-Evans Reneé M. Harper R. Brandon Celaya Karin Ljung Goran Sandbergc Emmanuel Liscum Division of Biological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA department of Forest Genetics and plant Physiology Umea Plant Science Center SE-90183 Umea Sweden current address: Biology department Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania 17837 USA.

Phototropism represents a differential growth response by which plant organs can respond adaptively to changes in the direction of incident light to optimize leaf/stem positioning for photosynthetic light capture and root growth orientation for water/nutrient acquisition. Studies over the past few years have identified a number of compo- nents in the signaling pathway（s） leading to development of phototropic curvatures in hypocotyls. These include the pho- totropin photoreceptors （photl and phot2） that perceive directional blue-light （BL） cues and then stimulate signaling, leading to relocalization of the plant hormone auxin, as well as the auxin response factor NPH4/ARF7 that responds to changes in local auxin concentrations to directly mediate expression of genes likely encoding proteins necessary for development of phototropic curvatures, While null mutations in NPH4/ARF7 condition an aphototropic response to unidirectional BL, seedlings carrying the same mutations recover BL-dependent phototropic responsiveness if coirradiated with red light （RL） or pre-treated with either ethylene. In the present study, we identify second-site enhancer mutations in the nph4 background that abrogate these recovery responses. One of these mutations-mapl （modifier of arf7 phenotypes 1）-was found to represent a missense allele of AUX1-a gene encoding a high-affinity auxin influx carrier previously associated with a number of root responses. Pharmocological studies and analyses of additional auxl mutants confirmed that AUX1 functions as a modulator of hypocotyl phototropism. Moreover, we have found that the strength of dependence of hypocotyl phototropism on AUX1-mediated auxin influx is directly related to the auxin responsiveness of the seedling in question.

关键词： hypocotyls Phototaxis Auxins Phytohormones incident light Modulators

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Pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2006年第3期13卷 159-166页

作者： NANNAN LIU QIANG XU FANG ZHU LEE ZHANG department of Entomology and plant Pathology genomics and Sequencing Laboratory Auburn University AuburnAlabama USA

Repeated blood feedings throughout their life span have made mosquitoes ideal transmitters of a wide variety of disease agents. Vector control is a very important part of the current global strategy for the control of mosquito-associated diseases and insecticide application is the most important component in this effort. Pyrethroids, which account for 25% of the world insecticide market, are currently the most widely used insecticides for the indoor control of mosquitoes and are the only chemical recommended for the treatment of mosquito nets, the main tool for preventing malaria in Africa. However, mosquito-borne diseases are now resurgent, largely because of insecticide resistance that has developed in mosquito vectors and the anti-parasite drug resistance of parasites. This paper reviews our current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms governing metabolic detoxification and the development of target site insensitivity that leads to pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes.

关键词： mosquitoes pyrethroids resistance

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Sodium channel gene expression in mosquitoes, Aeries albopictus （S.）

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Insect Science 2006年第6期13卷 431-436页

作者： NANNAN LIU QIANG XU LEE ZHANG department of Entomology and plant Pathology genomics and Sequencing Laboratory Auburn University AuburnAlabama USA

A mosquito strain of Aedes albopictus, HAmAal^G0, from Huntsville, Alabama, USA, showed a normal susceptibility and low tolerance to permethrin and resmethrin （pyrethroid insecticides） compared to a susceptible Ikaken strain, even though these pyrethroid insecticides have been used in the field for a long period of time in Alabama. Recently, we treated HAmAal^G0 in the laboratory with permethrin for five generations and detected no significant change in the level of resistance to permethrin in the selected mosquitoes, HAmAal^G0, compared with the parental strain HAmAal^G0. We then examined the allelic expression at the L-to-F kdr site of the sodium channel gene in the Aedes mosquitoes to address our hypothesis that the L-to-F kdr mutation was not present in HAmAal^G0 and HAmAal^G5 mosquitoes. We found that every tested individual in Ikaken, HAmAal^G5, and HAmAal^G5 populations expressed a codon of CTA at the L-to-F kdr site encoding Leu, strongly corresponding to their susceptibility to insecticides.

关键词： Aedes albopictus pyrethroids sodium channel gene

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A Novel Rice Gene, NRR Responds to Macronutrient Deficiency and Regulates Root Growth

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Molecular plant 2012年第1期5卷 63-72页

作者： Yu-Man Zhang Yong-Sheng Yan Li-Na Wang Kun Yang Na Xiao Yun-Feng Liu Ya-Ping Fu Zong-Xiu Sun Rong-Xiang Fang Xiao-Ying Chen State Key Laboratory of plant genomics Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National plant Gene Research Center Beijing 100101China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China current address:School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006 China

To better understand the response of rice to nutrient stress, we have taken a systematic approach to identify rice genes that respond to deficiency of macronutrients and affect rice growth. We report here the expression and bio- logical functions of a previously uncharacterized rice gene that we have named NRR （nutrition response and root growth）. NRR is alternatively spliced, producing two 5＇-coterminal transcripts, NRRa and NRRb, encoding two proteins of 308 and 223 aa, respectively. Compared to NRRb, NRRa possesses an additional CCT domain at the C-terminus. Expression of NRR in rice seedling roots was significantly influenced by deficiency of macronutrients. Knock-down of expression of NRRa or NRRb by RNA interference resulted in enhanced rice root growth. By contrast, overexpression of NRRa in rice exhibited significantly retarded root growth. These results revealed that both NRRa and NRRb played negative regulatory roles in rice root growth. Our findings suggest that NRRa and NRRb, acting as the key components, modulate the rice root archi- tecture with the availability of macronutrients.

关键词： Nutrient stress alternative splicing root growth rice.

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Genomic selection: A breakthrough technology in rice breeding

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The Crop Journal 2021年第3期9卷 669-677页

作者： Yang Xu Kexin Ma Yue Zhao Xin Wang Kai Zhou Guangning Yu Cheng Li Pengcheng Li Zefeng Yang Chenwu Xu Shizhong Xu Key Laboratory of plant Functional genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops College of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina department of Botany and plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92507USA

Rice(Oryza sativa)provides a staple food source for more than half the world ***,the current pace of rice breeding in yield growth is insufficient to meet the food demand of the everincreasing global *** selection(GS)holds a great potential to accelerate breeding progress and is cost-effective via early selection before phenotypes are *** simulation and experimental studies have demonstrated the usefulness of GS in rice ***,several affecting factors and limitations require careful consideration when performing *** this review,we summarize the major genetics and statistical factors affecting predictive performance as well as current progress in the application of GS to rice *** also highlight effective strategies to increase the predictive ability of various models,including GS models incorporating functional markers,genotype by environment interactions,multiple traits,selection index,and multiple omic ***,we envision that integrating GS with other advanced breeding technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and open-source breeding platforms will further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of breeding.

关键词： Genomic selection Rice Hybrid Predictive ability Model

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Nucleotide bias of DCL and AGO in plant anti-virus gene silencing

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 847-858页

作者： Thien Ho Liang Wang Linfeng Huang Zhigang Li Denise W.Pallett Tamas Dalmay Kazusato Ohshima John A.Walsh Hui Wang NERC/Centre for Ecology and Hydrology(CEH)Wallingford Maclean BuildingBenson LaneWallingfordOxfordshire OX108BBUK department of Biochemistry University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX13QUUK Beijing Institute of genomics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Laboratory of plant Virology Faculty of AgricultureSaga University1-banchiHonjo-machiSaga 840-8502Japan plant-Virus Interactions Group Warwick HRIWarwick UniversityWellesbourneWarwick CV359EFUK current address:AF Building University of Dundee at SCRIInvergowrieDundee DD25DAUK current address:Immune Disease Institute 200 Longwood AvenueBoston MA 02115USA

plant Dicer-like(DCL)and Argonaute(AGO)are the key enzymes involved in anti-virus post-transcriptional gene silencing(AV-PTGS).Here we show that AV-PTGS exhibited nucleotide preference by calculating a relative AV-PTGS efficiency on processing viral RNA *** comparison with genome sequences of dicot-infecting Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)and monocot-infecting Cocksfoot streak virus(CSV),viral-derived small interfering RNAs(vsiRNAs)displayed positive correlations between AV-PTGS efficiency and G+C content(GC%).Further investigations on nucleotide contents revealed that the vsiRNA populations had *** finding was further supported by our analyses of previously reported vsiRNA populations in diverse plant-virus associations,and AGO associated Arabidopsis endogenous siRNA populations,indicating that plant AGOs operated with *** further propose a hypothesis that AV-PTGS imposes selection pressure(s)on the evolution of plant *** hypothesis was supported when potyvirus genomes were analysed for evidence of GC elimination,suggesting that plant virus evolution to have low GC%genomes would have a unique function,which is to reduce the host AV-PTGS attack during infections.

关键词： anti-virus post-transcriptional gene silencing siRNA nucleotide bias Dicer-like Argonaute plant virus evolution

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Host-Induced Gene Silencing of the Target Gene in Fungal Cells Confers Effective Resistance to the Cotton Wilt Disease Pathogen Verticillium dahliae

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Molecular plant 2016年第6期9卷 939-942页

作者： Tao Zhang Yun Jin Jian-Hua Zhao Feng Gao Bang-Jun Zhou Yuan-Yuan Fang Hui-Shan Guo State Key Laboratory of plant genomics and National Center for plant Gene Research (Beijing) Institute of Microbiology Beijing 100101 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesl Beijing 1000491 China lhe Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Oasis Crop Disease Shihezi University Shihezi 832000 Xinjiang China Present address: plant Science Innovation Center and plant Pathology department University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68583 USA

Dear Editor Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, poses a major threat to a broad host range of more than 400 plant species, including economically important cotton （Bell, 1992）. V. dahliae is especially difficult to control because it persists in soil as resting structures, called microsclerotia, for several years in the absence of a host plant. The dormant microsclerotia are the primary infectious propagules and germinate when they are stimulated by root exudates. Infection of cotton roots by V. dahliae in soi~ naturally leads to the colonization of vascular tissues, from the parasitic to saprophytic phase, when mycelia and melanized dormancy microsclerotia are produced in the infected cotton, resulting in vessel blockage and cotton wilt disease （Gerik and Huisman, 1988）.

关键词： Gene silencing Verticillium wilt of cotton Verticillium dahliae

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