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Advances in environmental DNA monitoring:standardization,automation,and emerging technologies in aquatic ecosystems

Science China(life sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1368-1384页

作者： Suxiang Lu Honghui Zeng Fan Xiong Meng Yao Shunping He State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China school of life sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

Environmental DNA(eDNA)monitoring,a rapidly advancing technique for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem health,offers a noninvasive approach for detecting and quantifying species from various environmental *** this review,a comprehensive overview of current eDNA collection and detection technologies is provided,emphasizing the necessity for standardization and automation in aquatic ecological ***,the intricacies of water bodies,from streams to the deep sea,and the associated challenges they pose for eDNA capture and analysis are *** paper delineates three primary eDNA survey methods,namely,bringing back water,bringing back filters,and bringing back data,each with specific advantages and constraints in terms of labor,transport,and data ***,innovations in eDNA sampling equipment,including autonomous drones,subsurface samplers,and in-situ filtration devices,and their applications in monitoring diverse taxa are ***,recent advancements in species-specific detection and eDNA metabarcoding are addressed,highlighting the integration of novel techniques such as CRISPR-Cas and nanopore sequencing that enable precise and rapid detection of *** implications of environmental RNA and epigenetic modifications are considered for future applications in providing nuanced ecological ***,the review stresses the critical role of standardization and automation in enhancing data consistency and comparability for robust long-term *** propose that the amalgamation of these technologies represents a paradigm shift in ecological monitoring,aligning with the urgent call for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： eDNA methodology sampler environment biomonitoring ecogenomic sensors ocean observation instrument

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Gas microchannel plate-pixel detector for X-ray polarimetry

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 60-73页

作者： Huan-Bo Feng Hong-Bang Liu Dong Wang Zi-Li Li Shu-Lin Liu Qian Liu Hang-Zhou Li Bin-Long Wang Yan-Jun Xie Zong-Wang Fan Hui Wang Ran Chen Di-Fan Yi Rui-Ting Ma Fei Xie Bo Peng Xiang-Ming Sun Jin Li En-Wei Liang Present address:Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China PLAC Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics(MOE)Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China school of Science Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Physical Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China The 13th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation Shijiazhuang 050057China

POLAR-2 is a gamma-ray burst(GRB)polarimeter that is designed to study the polarization in GRB radiation emissions,aiming to improve our knowledge of related ***-2 is expected to utilize an on-board polarimeter that is sensitive to soft X-rays(2-10 keV),called low-energy polarization *** have developed a new soft X-ray polari-zation detector prototype based on gas microchannel plates(GMCPs)and pixel chips(Topmetal).The GMCPs have bulk resistance,which prevents charging-up effects and ensures gain stability during *** detector is composed of low outgassing materials and is gas-sealed using a laser welding technique,ensuring long-term stability.A modulation factor of 41.28%±0.64% is obtained for a 4.5 keV polarized X-ray beam.A residual modulation of 1.96%±0.58% at 5.9 keV is observed for the entire sensitive area.

关键词： X-ray polarimetry Gas microchannel plate-pixel detector Gamma-ray bursts

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Two distinct subpopulations of marginal zone B cells exhibit differential antibody-producing capacities and radioresistance

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 393-408页

作者： Sujin Lee Yeunjung Ko Hyun Woo Lee Won Joon Oh Hun Gi Hong Dinuka Ariyaratne Se Jin Im Tae Jin Kim Department of Immunology Graduate School of Basic Medical ScienceSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419Republic of Korea Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka Present address:Immunology and Microbiology Graduate Program Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX77030USA

Marginal zone(MZ)B cells,which are splenic innate-like B cells that rapidly secrete antibodies(Abs)against blood-borne pathogens,are composed of heterogeneous ***,we showed that MZ B cells can be divided into two distinct subpopulations according to their CD80 expression ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited greater Ab-producing,proliferative,and IL-10-secreting capacities than did CD80^(low)MZ B ***,CD80^(high)MZ B cells survived 2-Gy whole-body irradiation,whereas CD80^(low)MZ B cells were depleted by irradiation and then repleted with one month after *** of CD80^(low)MZ B cells led to accelerated development of type II collagen(CII)-induced arthritis upon immunization with bovine ***80^(high)MZ B cells exhibited higher expression of genes involved in proliferation,plasma cell differentiation,and the antioxidant ***80^(high)MZ B cells expressed more autoreactive B cell receptors(BCRs)that recognized double-stranded DNA or CII,expressed more immunoglobulin heavy chain sequences with shorter complementarity-determining region 3 sequences,and included more clonotypes with no N-nucleotides or with B-1a BCR sequences than CD80^(low)MZ B *** transfer experiments showed that CD21^(+)CD23^(+)transitional 2 MZ precursors preferentially generated CD80^(low)MZ B cells and that a proportion of CD80^(low)MZ B cells were converted into CD80^(high)MZ B cells;in contrast,CD80^(high)MZ B cells stably remained CD80^(high)MZ B *** summary,MZ B cells can be divided into two subpopulations according to their CD80 expression levels,Ab-producing capacity,radioresistance,and autoreactivity,and these findings may suggest a hierarchical composition of MZ B cells with differential stability and BCR specificity.

关键词： Marginal Zone B Cell CD80 Autoreactivity Radioresistance

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Effects of acid deposition control in China:a review based on responses of subtropical forests

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 115-126页

作者： Danni Xie Xiaodong Ge Lei Duan Jan Mulder school of Land Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Faculty of Environmental sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesBox 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway

For many decades,acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in *** substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses,both sulfur and nitrogen deposition,as well as the acid rain-affected area,have significantly decreased compared to their peak ***,particularly in the humid subtropics,are sensitive to acid deposition,as evidenced by soil acidification,sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water,and elevated soil nitrous oxide *** in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen,caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water,although there was about a 5-year *** delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen *** of nitrous oxide,a potent greenhouse gas,also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils,as soil water nitrate concentration ***,subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to ***,the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads,i.e.,the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies,in more than 10%of the country’s land area,respectively,indicating remaining risks of acidification and ***,further emission reductions are urgently needed,also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.

关键词： Acidification Critical load Nitrous oxide Surface water chemistry Recovery

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Comprehensive integration of single-cell transcriptomic data illuminates the regulatory network architecture of plant cell fate specification

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 372-385页

作者： Shanni Cao Xue Zhao Zhuojin Li Ranran Yu Yuqi Li Xinkai Zhou Wenhao Yan Dijun Chen Chao He State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Hubei Hongshan LaboratoryHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

Plant morphogenesis relies on precise gene expression programs at the proper time and position which is orchestrated by transcription factors(TFs)in intricate regulatory networks in a cell-type specific *** we introduced a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of Arabidopsis *** atlas is the result of meticulous integration of 63 previously published scRNA-seq datasets,addressing batch effects and conserving biological *** integration spans a broad spectrum of tissues,including both below-and above-ground *** a rigorous approach for cell type annotation,we identified 47 distinct cell types or states,largely expanding our current view of plant cell *** systematically constructed cell-type specific gene regulatory networks and uncovered key regulators that act in a coordinated manner to control cell-type specific gene *** together,our study not only offers extensive plant cell atlas exploration that serves as a valuable resource,but also provides molecular insights into gene-regulatory programs that varies from different cell types.

关键词： Arabidopsis Single cell transcriptome Gene regulatory network Data integration Plant cell atlas

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Learning Top-K Subtask Planning Tree Based on Discriminative Representation Pretraining for Decision-making

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第4期21卷 782-800页

作者： Jingqing Ruan Kaishen Wang Qingyang Zhang Dengpeng Xing Bo Xu Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China school of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Decomposing complex real-world tasks into simpler subtasks and devising a subtask execution plan is critical for humans to achieve effective ***,replicating this process remains challenging for AI agents and naturally raises two questions:(1)How to extract discriminative knowledge representation from priors?(2)How to develop a rational plan to decompose complex problems?To address these issues,we introduce a groundbreaking framework that incorporates two main ***,our multiple-encoder and individual-predictor regime goes beyond traditional architectures to extract nuanced task-specific dynamics from datasets,enriching the feature space for ***,we innovate in planning by introducing a top-K subtask planning tree generated through an attention mechanism,which allows for dynamic adaptability and forward-looking *** framework is empirically validated against challenging benchmarks BabyAI including multiple combinatorially rich synthetic tasks(e.g.,GoToSeq,SynthSeq,BossLevel),where it not only outperforms competitive baselines but also demonstrates superior adaptability and effectiveness incomplex task decomposition.

关键词： Reinforcement learning representation learning subtask planning task decomposition pretraining.

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Males armed with big weapons win fights at limited cost in ant-mimickingjumping spiders

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current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 98-108页

作者： Guocheng Yu Boon Hui Wong Christina J.Painting Hongze Li Long Yu Zengtao Zhang Shichang Zhang Daiqin Li State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering and Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China Departmentof Biological sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Te Aka Matuatua school of Science University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

A core assumption of sexual selection theory is that sexually selected weapons,specialized morphological structures used directly in male con-tests,can improve an individual's reproductive success but only if the bearer can overcome associated costs,the negative effects on the bear-er's fitness ***,recent studies have shown that producing and wielding exaggerated weapons may not necessarily be ***,some traits can be selected for supporting,or compensating for,the expense of producing and wielding such exaggerated weapons.n the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne gisti,exaggerated chelicerae are borne only by adult males and not females,showing sexual dimorphism and steep positive allometry with body ***,we determine the potential benefits of bearing exaggerated chelicerae during male contests and explore the potential for costs in terms of prey-capture efficiency and compensation between chelicera size and neighboring trait *** males with longer chelicerae won most of their male-male contests,we found no significant differences in prey-capture effi-ciency between males and females regardless of whether prey was winged or ***'elongated chelicerae thus do not impede their efficiency at capturing ***,we found that the sizes of all neighboring traits are positively correlated with chelicera size,suggesting that these traits may be under correlational *** together,our findings suggest that *** males armed with the exaggerated chelicerae that function as weapons win more fights at limited cost for performance in prey capture and compensate for neighboring structures.

关键词： allometry ant-mimic costs elongated chelicerae threat devices trait compensations

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Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Location Problem of Drone Logistics Hub

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 935-957页

作者： Li Zheng Gang Xu Wenbin Chen school of Mathematics and Computer sciences Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China

Drone logistics is a novel method of distribution that will become *** advantageous location of the logistics hub enables quicker customer deliveries and lower fuel consumption,resulting in cost savings for the company’s transportation *** firms must discern the ideal location for establishing a logistics hub,which is challenging due to the simplicity of existing models and the intricate delivery *** simulate the drone logistics environment,this study presents a new mathematical *** model not only retains the aspects of the current models,but also considers the degree of transportation difficulty from the logistics hub to the village,the capacity of drones for transportation,and the distribution of logistics hub ***,this paper proposes an improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm which is a diversity-based hybrid PSO(DHPSO)algorithm to solve this *** DHPSO,the Gaussian random walk can enhance global search in the model space,while the bubble-net attacking strategy can speed ***,Archimedes spiral strategy is employed to overcome the local optima trap in the model and improve the exploitation of the *** maintains a balance between exploration and exploitation while better defining the distribution of logistics hub locations Numerical experiments show that the newly proposed model always achieves better locations than the current *** DHPSO with other state-of-the-art intelligent algorithms,the efficiency of the scheme can be improved by 42.58%.This means that logistics companies can reduce distribution costs and consumers can enjoy a more enjoyable shopping experience by using DHPSO’s location *** the results show the location of the drone logistics hub is solved by DHPSO effectively.

关键词： Drone logistics location problem mathematical model diversity particle swarm optimization

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ON THE STABILITY OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF PIECEWISE SMOOTH PERIODIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第4期44卷 1524-1535页

作者： Maoan HAN Yan YE school of Mathematical sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321000China

In this paper,we address the stability of periodic solutions of piecewise smooth periodic differential *** studying the Poincarémap,we give a sufficient condition to judge the stability of a periodic *** also present... 详细信息

关键词： periodic solution Poincarémap periodic equation stability

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Brain-inspired chaotic spiking backpropagation

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National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 169-179页

作者： Zijian Wang Peng Tao Luonan Chen Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology Pazhou Laboratory(Huangpu)

Spiking neural networks(SNNs) have superior energy efficiency due to their spiking signal transmission,which mimics biological nervous systems, but they are difficult to train effectively. Although surrogate gradient-based methods offer a workable solution, trained SNNs frequently fall into local minima because they are still primarily based on gradient dynamics. Inspired by the chaotic dynamics in animal brain learning, we propose a chaotic spiking backpropagation(CSBP) method that introduces a loss function to generate brain-like chaotic dynamics and further takes advantage of the ergodic and pseudo-random nature to make SNN learning effective and robust. From a computational viewpoint, we found that CSBP significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on both neuromorphic data sets(***-CIFAR10 and DVS-Gesture) and large-scale static data sets(e.g. CIFAR100 and Image Net) in terms of accuracy and robustness. From a theoretical viewpoint, we show that the learning process of CSBP is initially chaotic, then subject to various bifurcations and eventually converges to gradient dynamics,consistently with the observation of animal brain activity. Our work provides a superior core tool for direct SNN training and offers new insights into understanding the learning process of a biological brain.

关键词： spiking neural networks surrogate gradient local minima backpropagation brain-inspired learning chaos

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