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High affinity soluble ILT2 receptor:a potent inhibitor of CD8^(+)T cell activation

Protein & Cell 2010年第12期1卷 1118-1127页

作者： Ruth K.Moysey Yi Li Samantha J.Paston Emma E.Baston Malkit S.Sami Brian J.Cameron Jessie Gavarret Penio Todorov Annelise Vuidepot Steven M.Dunn Nicholas J.Pumphrey Katherine J.Adams Fang Yuan Rebecca E.Dennis Deborah H.Sutton Andy D.Johnson Joanna E.Brewer Rebecca Ashfield Nikolai M.Lissin Bent K.Jakobsen Immunocore Limited 57c Milton ParkAbingdonOxonOX144RXUK current address:Oxford Nanopore Technologies UK current address:Geneva Merck Serono S.A. Switzerland current address:Adaptimmune Limited UK

Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin superfamily receptor ILT2(synonyms:LIR1,MIR7,CD85j),we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced by up to 168,000-fold towards the conserved region of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I *** in a dimeric form,either by chemical cross-linking with bivalent polyethylene glycol(PEG)derivatives or as a genetic fusion with human IgG Fc-fragment,the mutants exhibited a further increase in ligand-binding strength due to the avidity effect,with resident half-times(t1/2)on the surface of MHC I-positive cells of many *** novel compounds antagonized the interaction of CD8 co-receptor with MHC I in vitro without affecting the peptide-specific binding of T-cell receptors(TCRs).In both cytokine-release assays and cell-killing experiments the engineered receptors inhibited the activation of CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)in the presence of their target cells,with subnanomolar potency and in a dose-dependent *** a selective inhibitor of CD8^(+)CTL responses,the engineered high affinity ILT2 receptor presents a new tool for studying the activation mechanism of different subsets of CTLs and could have potential for the development of novel autoimmunity therapies.

关键词： CD8^(+)T cells cellular activation autoimmunity cell surface molecules binding affinity phage display

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Does foraging mode affect metabolic responses to feeding？ A study of pygopodid lizards

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current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 618-625页

作者： Michael WALL Michael B. THOMPSON Richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia current address: 4940 Anza St. #4 San Francisco CA 94121 USA

Foraging mode （ambush vs. active） profoundly affects many aspects of organismal biology, including metabolic rates and their relationship with food intake. Previous studies on snakes suggest that ambushers tend to have lower standard metabolic rates （SMR） and higher energetic costs of digestion and assimilation of prey （specific dynamic action, or SDA） than do active foragers. However, phylogenetic considerations may be at least partly responsible for such patterns, as foraging mode is strongly conserved evolutionarily and most SDA studies have focused on species from only two lineages of ambush foragers （pythonid and viperid snakes） and one lineage of active foragers （colubrid snakes）. We sought to deconfound the effects of phylogeny and foraging mode, investigating SMR and SDA in two closely related pygopodid lizards, the common scaly-foot Pygopus lepidopo- dus （active forager） and Burton＇s legless lizard Lialis burtonis （ambush forager）. Consistent with the pattern seen in snakes, L. burtonis exhibits a significantly lower SMR and a higher SDA than does P lepidopodus. The magnitude of SDA in L. burtonis is comparable to that of some pythons and vipers, providing yet more evidence for the remarkable convergence between this species and ambush-foraging snakes [current Zoology 59 （5）： 618-625, 2013].

关键词： Ecology Metabolic rates Reptile Specific dynamic action

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NAVIER-STOKES ANALYSIS OF A CIRCULATION CONTROL AIRFOIL

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 1995年第2期11卷 137-143页

作者：刘晶昌孙茂吴礼义 current address is Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Acadamy of Sciences Beijing China 100080 Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Beijing China 100083

The two-dimensional, compressible, mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are used to investigate hows about a typical circulation control airfoil. The governing equations are solved using the implicit approximate-factorization algorithm of Beam-Warming with a modified algebraic eddy viscosity model. Results are compared with experimental data, and excellent agreement is obtained. The effects of different jet momentum coefficients and angles of attack on the how are studied. The mechanism of genenating large lift by circulation control is discussed.

关键词： CIRCULATION CONTROL AIRFOIL NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

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CRACK DETECTION OF STRUCTURE FOR PLANE PROBLEM WITH SPATIAL WAVELETS

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 1999年第1期15卷 39-51页

作者：王泉王大钧苏先樾 current address:Dept.Mechanical Engin. University of South CarolinaUSA Department of Mechanics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The structure damage detection with spatial wavelets was approached. First, a plane stress problem, a rectangular plate containing a short crack under a distributed loading on the edge, was investigated. The displacement response data along the parallel and perpendicular lines at different positions from the crack were analyzed with the Haar wavelet. The peak in the spatial variations of the wavelets indicates the direction of the crack. In addition, a transverse crack in a cantilever beam was also investigated in the same ways. For these problems, the different crack positions were also simulated to testify the effectiveness of the technique. All the above numerical simulations were processed by the finite element analysis code, ABACUS. The results show that the spatial wavelet is a powerful tool for damage detection, and this new technique sees wide application fields with broad prospects. (Edited author abstract) 14 Refs.

关键词： damage detection wavelet transform plane problem

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Extended finite element methods for optimal control problems governed by Poisson equation in non-convex domains

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Science China Mathematics 2021年第8期64卷 1917-1934页

作者： Tao Wang Chaochao Yang Xiaoping Xie School of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China current address:School of Science Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing 400054China

This paper analyzes two extended finite element methods(XFEMs)for linear quadratic optimal control problems governed by Poisson equation in non-convex *** follow the variational discretization concept to discretize the continuous problems,and apply an XFEM with a cut-off function and a classic XFEM with a fixed enrichment area to discretize the state and co-state *** error estimates are derived for the state,co-state and *** results confirm our theoretical results.

关键词： extended finite element method optimal control non-convex domain variational discretization concept

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Twenty years hunting for sulfur in DNA

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Protein & Cell 2010年第1期1卷 14-21页

作者： Shi Chen Lianrong Wang Zixin Deng Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences&BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China current address:Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA current address:Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

Here we tell a 20-year long *** began with an easily overlooked DNA degradation(Dnd)phenomenon during electrophoresis and eventually led to the discovery of an unprecedented DNA sulfur modification governed by five dnd *** unusual DNA modification,called phosphorothioation,is the first physiological modification identified on the DNA backbone,in which the nonbridging oxygen is replaced by sulfur in a sequence selective and stereo-specific *** dnd gene clusters have been identified in diverse and distantly related bacteria and thus have drawn immediate attention of the entire microbial scientific ***,we summarize the progress in chemical,genetic,enzymatic,bioinformatical and analytical aspects of this novel postreplicative DNA *** also discuss perspectives on the physiological functions of the DNA phosphorothioate modification in bacteria and their implications.

关键词： DNA sulfur modification DNA phosphorothioate modification DNA degradation

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Photophysical properties of heteroaromatic ring-fused(di)benzosiloles

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1937-1947页

作者： SHIMIZU Masaki MOCHIDA Kenji KATOH Masaki HIYAMA Tamejiro Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Kyoto University Katsura current address:Research & Development Initiative Chuo University

Benzosiloles fused to heterocycles such as thiophene, benzothiophene, and benzofuran, and indole- and benzosilole-fused dibenzosiloles were prepared by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of the corresponding 2-（arylsilyl）aryl triflates in good to high yields. Molecular and crystal structures of 5,7-dihydro-5,5,7,7-tetrakis（1-methylethyl）bis[1]benzosilolo-[2,3-b：3＇, 2＇-d]thiophene, 6-methyl-12,12-diisopropyl-12H-indololo[3,2-b][1]silafluorene, and 5,5,11,11-tetraisopropyl-5,11H-benzosilolo[3,2-c]silafluorene were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV absorption spectra of the （di）benzosilole derivafives in cyclohexane red-shifted when compared to 1,1-diisopropyldibenzosilole, indicating that replacing a benzene ring of dibenzosilole by the heterocycles as well as fusion of indole and benzosilole moieties onto dibenzosilole narrowed the HOMO- LUMO gaps of the n-conjugation system. The thiophene-fused benzosiloles were faintly fluorescent in solution and in the solid state, whereas the dibenzosiloles exhibited luminescence with moderate and high quantum yields in cyclohexane and in microcrystals, respectively. In other words, aggregation-induced emission was observed for the dibenzosiloles. Notably, 5,5,11,1 1- tetraisopropyl-5,11H-benzosilolo[3,2-c]silafluorene in microcrystals exhibited violet fluorescence （λmax = 396 nm） with a quantum yield of 0.70. Density functional theory （DFT） calculations of the prepared （di）benzosiloles were also performed.

关键词： absorption benzosflole fluorescence silicon solid-state emission

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Synthesis of High Magnetic Moment CoFe Nanoparticles via Interfacial Diffusion in Core/Shell Structured Co/Fe Nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2009年第5期2卷 380-385页

作者： Chao Wang Sheng Peng Lise-Marie Lacroix Shouheng Sun Department of Chemistry Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode Island 02912USA current address:Materials Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIL 60439USA

We report the synthesis of high magnetic moment CoFe nanoparticles via the diffusion of Co and Fe in core/shell structured Co/Fe *** an organic solution,Co nanoparticles were coated with a layer of Fe to form a Co/Fe core/shell *** raising the solution temperature led to inter-diffusion of Co and Fe and formation of CoFe alloy *** nanoparticles have high saturation magnetization of up to 192 emu/g CoFe and can be further stabilized by thermal annealing at 600℃.

关键词： CoFe nanoparticles core/shell nanoparticles magnetic nanoparticles chemical synthesis

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Synthesis and crystal structure of (E)-[(2-cyclohexenyl) vinyl]triaryltin

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 1998年第1期16卷 22-27页

作者：黄葵傅方信潘华德 Department of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin 130024 China Current address: Department of Chemistry Southern Illinois University at Carbondale IL. USA.

(E)-[(2-Cyclohexenyl)vinyl]triaryltin (aryl=phenyl, p-tolyl) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of (E)-[(2-cyclohexenyl)vinyl]triphenyltin was also determined by the X-ray diffraction. Experiments show that this compound has the conjugated system, which makes it have possible bioactivity and antitumor activity.

关键词： organotin compounds crystal structure pi-pi conjugated system

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Design and fabrication of gas cell targets for laboratory astrophysics experiments on the Orion high-power laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 62-66页

作者： C.Spindloe D.Wyatt S.Astbury G.F.Swadling T.Clayson C.Stehlé J.M.Foster E.Gumbrell R.Charles C.N.Danson P.Brummitt F.Suzuki-Vidal current address： Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory California 94550 USA

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a range of ‘gas cell' microtargets produced by the Target Fabrication Group in the Central Laser Facility(CLF) for academic access experiments on the Orion laser facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment(AWE). The experiments were carried out by an academic consortium led by Imperial College London. The underlying target methodology was an evolution of a range of targets used for experiments on radiative shocks and involved the fabrication of a precision machined cell containing a number of apertures for interaction foils or diagnostic windows. The interior of the cell was gas-filled before laser irradiation. This paper details the assembly processes, thin film requirements and micro-machining processes needed to produce the targets. Also described is the implementation of a gas-fill system to produce targets that are filled to a pressure of 0.1–1 bar. The paper discusses the challenges that are posed by such a target.

关键词： astrophysics microtargets

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