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Selenoprotein expression is regulated at multiple levels in prostate cells

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Cell Research 2006年第12期16卷 940-948页

作者： Cheryl M Rebsch Frank J Penna Ⅲ Paul R Copeland Department of molecular genetics Microbiology and immunology Department of molecular genetics Microbiology and immunologyThe Cancer Institute of New JerseyUMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School675 Hoes LanePiscatawayNJ 08854USA

Selenium supplementation in a population with low basal blood selenium levels has been reported to decrease theincidence of several cancers including prostate *** on the clinical findings,it is likely that the antioxidantfunction of one or more selenoproteins is responsible for the chemopreventive effect,although low molecular weightseleno-compounds have also been posited to selectively induce apoptosis in transformed *** address the effects ofselenium supplementation on selenoprotein expression in prostate cells,we have undertaken an analysis of antioxidantselenoprotein expression as well as selenium toxicity in non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial cells(RWPE-1)and prostatecancer cells(LNCaP and PC-3).Our results show that two of the glutathione peroxidase family members(GPX1 andGPX4)are highly induced by supplemental selenium in prostate cancer cells but only slightly induced in RWPE-1 *** addition,GPX1 levels are dramatically lower in PC-3 cells as compared to RWPE-1 or LNCaP ***2 proteinand mRNA,however,are only detectable in RWPE-1 *** the three selenium compounds tested(sodium selenite,sodium selenate and selenomethionine),only sodium selenite shows toxicity in a physiological range of *** and in contrast to previous studies,RWPE-1 cells were significantly more sensitive to selenitethan either of the prostate cancer cell *** results demonstrate that selenoproteins and selenium metabolism areregulated at multiple levels in prostate cells.

关键词： prostate selenium selenoproteins glutathione peroxidase selenocysteine

Leafy head formation of the progenies of transgenic plants of Chinese cabbage with exogenous auxin genes

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Cell Research 2000年第2期10卷 151-160页

作者： HE YU KE WAN XIN XUE YU DONG SUN XU HONG YU PING LIN LIU(Fax:021-64042090 E-mail: heyk@iris. ***)(National Laboratory of Plant molecular genetics, Shanghaiinstitute of Plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032, China) National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

The experiment was performed to evaluate the progenies of plant lines transgenic for auxin synthesis genes derived from Ri T-DNA. Four lines of the transgenic plants were selfcrossed and the foreign auxin genes in plants of T5 generation were confirmed by Southern hybridization. Two lines, D1232 and D1653, showed earlier folding of expanding leaves than untransformed line and therefore had early initiation of leaf y head. Leaf cuttings derived from plant of transgenic line D1653 produced more adventitious roots than the control whereas the cuttings from folding leaves had much more roots than rosette leaves at folding stage, and the cuttings from head leaves had more roots than rosette leaves at heading stage. It is demonstrated that early folding of transgenic leaf may be caused by the relatively higher concentration of auxin. These plant lines with auxin transgenes can be used for the study of hormonal regulation in differentiation and development of plant organs nd for the breeding of new varietywith rapid growth trait.

关键词： Auxin genes Chinese cabbage leafy head transgenic plants

The CRISPR/Cas revolution continues: From efficient gene editing for crop breeding to plant synthetic biology

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第12期60卷 1127-1153页

作者： Jochen Kumlehn Janine Pietralla Goetz Hensel Michael Pacher Holger Puchta Plant Reproductive Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Botanical institute Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Since the discovery that nucleases of the bacterial CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat)-associated(Cas) system can be used as easily programmable tools for genome engineering,their application massively transformed different areas of plant biology. In this review, we assess the current state of their use for crop breeding to incorporate attractive new agronomical traits into specific cultivars of various crop plants. This can be achieved by the use of Cas9/12 nucleases for double-strand break induction,resulting in mutations by non-homologous recombinatr e-tion. Strategies for performing such experiments à from Rthe design of guide RNA to the use of different transformation technologies à are evaluated. Furtherweive-more, we sum up recent developments regarding the use of nuclease-deficient Cas9/12 proteins, as DNAbinding moieties for targeting different kinds of enzyme activities to specific sites within the genome. Progress in base deamination, transcriptional induction and transcriptional repression, as well as in imaging in plants, is also discussed. As different Cas9/12 enzymes are at hand, the simultaneous application of various enzyme activities, to multiple genomic sites, is now in reach to redirect plant metabolism in a multifunctional manner and pave the way for a new level of plant synthetic biology.

关键词： From efficient gene editing for crop breeding to plant synthetic biology The CRISPR/Cas revolution continues

Generality and characteristics of genetic and epigenetic changes in newly synthesized allotetraploid wheat lines

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2010年第11期37卷 737-748页

作者： Bao Qi 1,Xiaofang Zhong 1,Bo Zhu,Na Zhao,Liying Xu,Huakun Zhang,Xiaoming Yu,Bao Liu Key Laboratory of molecular Epigenetics of MOE and institute of genetics & Cytology,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China Key Laboratory of molecular Epigenetics of MOE and institute of genetics & Cytology Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China

Previous studies have shown rapid and extensive genomic However, these studies are based on either a few pre-selected instability associated with early stages of allopolyploidization in wheat. genomic loci or genome-wide analysis of a single plant individual for a given cross combination, thus making the extent and generality of the changes uncertain. To further study the generality and characteristics of allopolyploidization-induced genomic instability in wheat, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes from a genome-wide perspective （by using the AFLP and MSAP markers） in four sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid wheat lines with various genome constitutions, each containing three randomly chosen individual plants at the same generation. We document that although general chromosomal stability was characteristic of all four sets of allotetraploid wheat lines, genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level occurred in all these plants, with both kinds of changes classifiable into two distinct categories, i.e., stochastic and directed. The abundant type of genetic change is loss of parental bands while the prevalent cytosine methylation pattern alteration is hypermethylation at the CHG sites. Our results have extended previous studies regarding allopolyploidization-induced genomic dynamics in wheat by demonstrafing the generality of both genetic and epigenetic changes associated with multiple nascent allotetraploid wheat lines, and providing novel insights into the characteristics of the two kinds of induced genomic instabilities.

关键词： allopolyploidy genetic and epigenetic changes genome evolution tetraploid wheat

Identification, Expression and Functional Analysis of a Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase, OsRLCK1, in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 898-907页

作者： Zhaosheng Kong Wenying Xu Qun Li Yongbiao Xue Laboratory of molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Pollination involves a series of complex cellular interactions and signal transduction events. Numerous reports have suggested a central role for protein kinases in pollen germination and pollen tube growth and a large number of receptor-like kinases have been detected exclusively in pollen in higher plants. However, few are well characterized, especially for the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases. Here we report a receptor-like kinase gene, OsRLCK1, which belongs to the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase Ⅷ subfamily. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and whole mount RNA in situ hybridization showed that OsRLCK1 is a pollen-specific gene and expressed only in the mature pollen. When expressed in the onion epidermal cells, the OsRLCK1-GFP fusion protein was diffused throughout the cell, indicating its cytoplasmic and nuclear localization. The Maltose Binding Protein-OsRLCK1 recombinant protein was found to be capable of autophosphorylation on threonine residue, showing that it encodes a functional kinase. These results suggest that OsRLCK1 is likely to play a role in a signaling pathway associated with pollen performance during pollination in rice.

关键词： pollination receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase rice (Oryza sativa).

TALEN-mediated gene mutations in monkeys

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第3期30卷 379-380页

作者： Yinghui Zheng Xiao-Jiang Li State Key Laboratory of molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Genetic manipulation by targeting defined genomic loci allows the generation of precise mutations in the genome in animal models that can recapitulate genetic defects in human diseases caused by inherited or de novo mutations. However, most of the previous gene-targeting manipulations have been restricted to mice, because their embryonic stem cells are available and can be modulated at defined genomic loci. The recent discovery and application of sequence-specific endonucleases,

关键词： gene TALEN-mediated gene mutations in monkeys

Complete canine spinal cord transection model: a large animal model for the translational research of spinal cord regeneration

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第1期61卷 115-117页

作者： Sufang Han Xing Li Zhifeng Xiao Jianwu Dai State Key Laboratory of molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) usually results in devastating neurologic deficits and disability. In the United States,approximately 12,500 new cases are reported each year, while an estimated 100,000–140,000 new cases occur every year in China (National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 2016).Spinal cord injuries are highly disabling and primarily affect young adults, and therefore create great psychological and financial burden on the affected individuals and their families.

关键词： In Complete canine spinal cord transection model SCI

A lipid pathway for heat adaptation

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第7期58卷 727-728页

作者： HUANG Xun State Key Laboratory of molecular and Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The emergence of cell membrane is an essential step in the origin of life on earth. Cell membrane, a matrix with fatty acid derived lipids and proteins, separates the outside envi- ronment from enclosed cell internal. The composition of membrane lipids largely determines biophysical properties of cell membrane, such as fluidity, permeability and deformability, which are essential for cellular processes. Temperature is an important environmental factor. Different species live in a dramatic variation of temperature conditions; for example, bacterial Thermus Aquaticus （in which the Taq DNA polymerase for PCR was first isolated） grows in hot springs while polar bears reside in arctic area. Individual cell or organism can adapt to a limited range of temperatures, which is also known as thermal tolerance. Temperature changes affect membrane fluidity. It has been known for a long time that bacteria respond to temperature changes by changing the fatty acid saturation of cell mem- brane through altering the expression of lipid desaturase, a phenomenon named homeoviscous adaptation （HVA） [1]. Later on, the phenomenon of HVA was found conserved in evolution [2]. In bacteria, a two-component regulatory sys- tem regulates lipid desaturase expression and mediates HVA. However, the two-component system genes are not found in eukaryotes and the molecular mechanism of HVA remains elusive in eukaryotes.

关键词：脂质热适应双组分系统温度条件膜脂肪酸地球生命起源生物物理特性 DNA聚合酶

Effective Isolation of Retrotransposons and Repetitive DNA Families from the Wheat Genome

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第7期52卷 679-691页

作者： Motonori Tomita Munenori Asao Aya Kuraki molecular genetics Laboratory Faculty of AgricultureTottori University

New classes of repetitive DNA elements were effectively identified by isolating small fragments of the elements from the wheat genome. A wheat A genome library was constructed from Triticum monococcum by degenerate cleavage with EcoO1091, the recognition sites of which consisted of 5＇-PuGGNCCPy-3＇ multi-sequences. Three novel repetitive sequences pTm6, pTm69 and pTm58 derived from the A genome were screened and tested for high copy number using a blotting approach, pTm6 showed identity with integrase domains of the barley Tyl-Copia-retrotransposon BARE-1 and pTm58 showed similarity to the barley Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon Romani. pTm69, however, constituted a tandem array with useful genomic specificities, but did not share any identity with known repetitive elements. This study also sought to isolate wheat D-genome-specific repetitive elements regardless of the level of methylation, by genomic subtraction. Total genomic DNA of Aegilops tauschii was cleaved into short fragments with a methylation-insensitive 4 bp cutter, Mbol, and then common DNA sequences between Ae. tauschii and Triticum turgidum were subtracted by annealing with excess T. turgidum genomic DNA. The D genome repetitive sequence pAt1 was isolated and used to identify an additional novel repetitive sequence family from wheat bacterial artificial chromosomes with a size range of 1 395-1 850 bp. The methods successfully led pathfinding of two unique repetitive families.

关键词： DNA Effective Isolation of Retrotransposons and Repetitive DNA Families from the Wheat Genome AABB