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An eighteen‑year longitudinal examination of school victimization and weapon use in California secondary schools

World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第11期19卷 1082-1093页

作者： Rami Benbenishty Ron Avi Astor Ilan Roziner Hebrew University of Jerusalem JerusalemIsrael and Universidad Andrés BelloSantiagoChile crump chair in social welfare Luskin School of Public Affairs and School of Education and Information StudiesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Sackler School of Medicine Department of Communication DisordersTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

Background School safety has been a major public health issue in the United States and internationally for more than three *** policies and programs have been developed and implemented to prevent school violence,improve the school climate,and increase *** are only a few peer-reviewed studies of changes in school violence over *** study examined changes over time in school victimization,weapon involvement and school climate,comparing change trajectories by gender and race and different change trajectories among *** A longitudinal study of the biennial California Healthy Kids Survey in secondary schools from 2001 to *** representative sample included 6,219,166 students in grades 7,9,and 11(48.8%male)from 3253 schools(66%high schools).Results All victimization and weapon involvement items had significant and substantial linear *** largest reduction involved being in a physical fight(from 25.4%to 11.0%).There were reductions in weapon involvement(d=0.46)and victimization(d=0.38).Biased-based victimization only declined slightly(d=−0.05).School belongingness and safety increased(d=0.27),adult support increased a small amount(d=0.05),and student participation declined(d=−0.10).Changes were smallest among White ***-five percent of the schools showed the same pattern of *** The findings are in contrast to the public’s concerns that school violence is a growing *** in school violence may result from social investment in school safety.A distinction should be made between school shootings and other forms of school violence.

关键词： School violence School climate Weapons

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Polymeric nanocarriers for nose-to-brain drug delivery in neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第5期13卷 1866-1886页

作者： Rania Awad Avi Avital Alejandro Sosnik Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials Science Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel Behavioral Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Occupational TherapyFaculty of Social Welfare and Health SciencesUniversity of HaifaHaifa 3498838Israel

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive conditions that affect the neurons of the central nervous system(CNS)and result in their damage and *** disorders include intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorder,and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and stem from the disruption of essential neurodevelopmental *** treatment of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions,together affecting~120 million people worldwide,is challenged by the blood—brain barrier(BBB)and the blood—cerebrospinal fluid barrier that prevent the crossing of drugs from the systemic circulation into the *** nose-to-brain pathway that bypasses the BBB and increases the brain bioavailability of intranasally administered drugs is promising to improve the treatment of CNS *** pathway is more efficient for nanoparticles than for solutions,hence,the research on intranasal nano-drug delivery systems has grown exponentially over the last *** nanoparticles have become key players in the field owing to the high design and synthetic *** review describes the challenges faced for the treatment of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions,the molecular and cellular features of the nasal mucosa and the contribution of intranasal nano-drug delivery to overcome ***,a comprehensive overview of polymeric nanocarriers investigated to increase drug bioavailability in the brain is introduced.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases Neurodevelopmental disorders Central nervous system Blood—brain barrier Nano-drug delivery systems Nose-to-brain pathway Intranasal administration Polymeric nanoparticles Polymeric micelles Dendrimers

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Manufacturers’strategy for introducing remanufactured products under a government subsidy:Introduce or not?

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2023年第1期8卷 128-148页

作者： Zhen Wang Jiazhen Huo Yongrui Duan School of Economics and Management Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Bosch-Tongji University chair of Global Supply Chain Management Shanghai200092China

With strong government advocacy and encouragement,many manufacturers hope to enter the remanufacturing *** who have entered the remanufacturing market hope to increase their profits through effective *** game-theoretic models,this study investigates manufacturers’conditions for introducing remanufactured products and the production decisions after the introduction by constructing a consumer utility *** study demonstrates that manufacturers’decision-making method directly affects their decision to introduce remanufactured *** a manufacturer plans to introduce remanufactured products,they should adopt a centralized decision-making method for the two *** this decision-making method,when the ratio of the government subsidy to the cost of new products is not too large or too small,the manufacturer can introduce remanufactured ***,the range of the ratio of the government subsidy to the cost of new products is related to the difference between the ratio of the cost of remanufactured products to that of new products and the substitutability of the remanufactured ***,when formulating a subsidy,the government should control it within a reasonable range and formulate differentiated subsidy strategies based on different enterprises’specific conditions to give full play to the benefits of the government ***,after the manufacturer has introduced remanufactured products,the consumer surplus and manufacturer’s profit increase with the government ***,social welfare increases only when the government subsidy is within a reasonable ***,compared with subsidizing consumers,it is found that subsidizing the manufacturer does not affect their profit,the consumer surplus,and social welfare;however,the range within which the manufacturer can introduce remanufactured products narrows.

关键词： Remanufacturing Government subsidy Consumer utility Decision-making method Game model

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Energy Management of Price-maker Community Energy Storage by Stochastic Dynamic Programming

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 492-503页

作者： Lirong Deng Xuan Zhang Tianshu Yang Hongbin Sun Yang Fu Qinglai Guo Shmuel S.Oren Department of Electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200000China Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCAUSA Risk Analytics and Optimization chair EPFLSwitzerlandand also with Power Systems LaboratoryETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In this paper,we propose an analytical stochastic dynamic programming(SDP)algorithm to address the optimal management problem of price-maker community energy *** a price-maker,energy storage smooths price differences,thus decreasing energy arbitrage ***,this price-smoothing effect can result in significant external welfare changes by reduc-ing consumer costs and producer revenues,which is not negligible for the community with energy storage *** such,we formulate community storage management as an SDP that aims to maximize both energy arbitrage and community *** incorporate market interaction into the SDP format,we propose a framework that derives partial but sufficient market information to approximate impact of storage operations on market *** we present an analytical SDP algorithm that does not require state *** from computational efficiency,another advantage of the analytical algorithm is to guide energy storage to charge/discharge by directly comparing its current marginal value with expected future marginal *** studies indicate community-owned energy storage that maximizes both arbitrage and welfare value gains more benefits than storage that maximizes only *** proposed algorithm ensures optimality and largely reduces the computational complexity of the standard *** Terms-Analytical stochastic dynamic programming,energy management,energy storage,price-maker,social welfare.

关键词： Analytical stochastic dynamic programming energy management energy storage price-maker social welfare

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