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Impact of Osmotic Pressure on Seepage in Shale oil Reservoirs

Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第6期20卷 1365-1379页

作者： Lijun Mu Xiaojia Xue Jie Bai Xiaoyan Li Xueliang Han oil and Gas Technology Research Institute PetroChina Changqing Oilfield CompanyXi’an710018China

Following large-scale volume fracturing in shale oil reservoirs,well shut-in measures are generally *** tests and field trials have underscored the efficacy of fracturing fluid imbibition during the shut-in phase in augmenting shale oil *** conventional reservoirs,shale oil reservoirs exhibit characteristics such as low porosity,low permeability,and rich content of organic matter and clay ***,the osmotic pressure effects occurring between high-salinity formation water and low-salinity fracturing fluids are *** current understanding of the mobilization patterns of crude oil in micro-pores during the imbibition process remains nebulous,and the mechanisms underpinning osmotic pressure effects are not fully *** study introduces a theoretical approach,by which a salt ion migration control equation is derived and a mathematical model for spontaneous imbibition in shale is introduced,which is able to account for both capillary and osmotic *** indicate that during the spontaneous imbibition of low-salinity fluids,osmotic effects facilitate the migration of external fluids into shale pores,thereby complementing capillary forces in displacing shale *** considering both capillary and osmotic pressures,the calculated imbibition depth increases by 12%compared to the case where only capillary forces are *** salinity difference between the reservoir and the fracturing fluids significantly influences the imbibition *** for the shutin phase reveal that the pressure between the matrix and fractures reaches a dynamic equilibrium after 28 days of *** the production phase,the maximum seepage distance in the target block is approximately 6.02 m.

关键词： Shale oil osmotic pressure numerical simulation effective seepage distance

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Kaoline-based catalyst for a high stability desulfurization of sour heavy naphtha in a three-phase oscillatory baffled reactor

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 249-260页

作者： Hassan M.Hmood Saba A.Gheni Safaa M.R.Ahmed Mudheher M.Ali Hamid Yonis Saleh Mohammed H.Mohammed Awad E.Mohammed Marwan A.Mahomood Hiba R.Mohammed Ahmed A.Hassan Adam Harvey North Refineries company Ministry of OilIraq Chemical Engineering Department Tikrit UniversityIraq Ministry of oil Iraq AL-Hawija Technical Institute Northern Technical UniversityMoselIraq School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityUK

To meet the rapidly increasing demand for energy and the dramatic depletion of conventional crude oil,it is imperative to utilize sour *** no coke being produced,oxidative desulfurization(ODS)of naphtha lowers its sulfur content and average molecular *** this article,we outline a method for heavy naphtha non-extractive ODS using a very stable *** technique involves the use of a solid catalyst with oxygen gas as the *** necessitated relatively high mixing intensities;hence a three-phase Oscillatory Baffled Reactor(OBR)was *** catalyst was based on the zeolite ZSM-5,prepared from natural kaolin by a series of delamination and activation steps and impregnated with Fe.A TiO2 nanolayer was applied,using the sol-gel method,to prevent rapid *** reactor performance was evaluated to minimize the sulfur content in the naphtha *** to the protective coating,the sulfur conversion stabilized at 90%.The results of this work establish the use of natural clay-based catalysts in a continuous,three-phase ODS,particularly with regard to proving long-term *** also showed that modest ODS can be achieved using an environmentally friendly oxidant,at mild operating conditions,whilst maintaining stability.

关键词： Natural kaoline Desulfurization Three-phase Oscillatory baffled reactor

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Application status and prospect of ionic liquids in oilfield chemistry

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 11-18页

作者： Jinsheng Sun Zhuoyang Xiu Li Li Kaihe Lv Xianfa Zhang Zonglun Wang Zhiwen Dai Zhe Xu Ning Huang Jingping Liu School of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) CNPC Engineering Technology R&D company Limited oil & Gas Technology Research Institute of Changqing oilfield company

The ionic liquid, as a new treatment agent, has been increasingly applied in oil fields due to its strong temperature resistance, good solubility and high surface activity. In this paper, we systematically discuss the action mechanism and application effect of ionic liquids in oilfield chemistry. Ionic liquids can inhibit shale hydration expansion and reduce fluid loss through adsorption and intercalation, inhibit the formation of natural gas hydrate through imidazole five-membered ring structure as a space barrier, reduce viscosity of heavy oil by breaking chemical bonds of heavy oil macromolecules and charge transfer,improve oil displacement efficiency by forming ions pairs with carboxyl groups in crude oil, demulsify by forming channels between dispersed water droplets, acidify the formation by reacting with water to produce acid, interacts with organic material through weak hydrogen bonds and extracts it from oilfield wastewater, desulphurize by inserting sulfide molecules into the “stack” structure and form liquid inclusion complex, inhibit corrosion by forming a protective film on the metal surface. Based on the above aspects, the development direction of ionic liquids is proposed. The application of ionic liquids in oilfield chemistry is still in its infancy. It is urgent to fully explore the application performance of ionic liquids in oilfield chemistry, which also provides theoretical and technical supports for efficient reservoir development.

关键词： Ionic liquids oilfield chemistry Shale inhibitor Drilling fluid

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Prediction Model of Wax Deposition Rate in Waxy crude oil Pipelines by Elman Neural Network Based on Improved Reptile Search Algorithm

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Energy Engineering 2024年第4期121卷 1007-1026页

作者： Zhuo Chen Ningning Wang Wenbo Jin Dui Li The Second oil Production Plant Sinopec Northwest Oilfield CompanyUrumqi830011China Yingmaili oil and Gas Production Management Area PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla841001China College of Petroleum Engineering Xi’an Shiyou UniversityXi’an710065China

A hard problem that hinders the movement of waxy crude oil is wax deposition in oil *** ensure the safe operation of crude oil pipelines,an accurate model must be developed to predict the rate of wax deposition in crude oil *** at the shortcomings of the ENN prediction model,which easily falls into the local minimum value and weak generalization ability in the implementation process,an optimized ENN prediction model based on the IRSA is *** validity of the new model was confirmed by the accurate prediction of two sets of experimental data on wax deposition in crude oil *** two groups of crude oil wax deposition rate case prediction results showed that the average absolute percentage errors of IRSA-ENN prediction models is 0.5476% and 0.7831%,***,it shows a higher prediction accuracy compared to the ENN prediction *** fact,the new model established by using the IRSA to optimize ENN can optimize the initial weights and thresholds in the prediction process,which can overcome the shortcomings of the ENN prediction model,such as weak generalization ability and tendency to fall into the local minimum value,so that it has the advantages of strong implementation and high prediction accuracy.

关键词： Waxy crude oil wax deposition rate chaotic map improved reptile search algorithm Elman neural network prediction accuracy

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Differences and identification on multi-time hydrocarbon generation of carboniferous-permian coaly source rocks in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 765-776页

作者： Jin-Jun Xu Xian-Gang Cheng Shu-Nan Peng Jun-Cai Jiang Qi-Long Wu Da Lou Fu-Qi Cheng La-Mei Lin National Key Laboratory of Deep oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina PetroChina Dagang oilfield company Tianjin300280China

Coal is a solid combustible mineral,and coal-bearing strata have important hydrocarbon generation potential and contribute to more than 12%of the global hydrocarbon ***,the deposition and hydrocarbon evolution process of ancient coal-bearing strata is characterized by multiple geological times,leading to obvious distinctions in their hydrocarbon generation potential,geological processes,and production,which affect the evaluation and exploration of hydrocarbon resources derived from coaly source rocks *** study aimed to identify the differences on oil-generated parent macerals and the production of oil generated from different coaly source rocks and through different oil generation *** with the analysis of previous tectonic burial history and hydrocarbon generation history,high-temperature and high-pressure thermal simulation experiments,organic geochemistry,and organic petrology were performed on the Carboniferous-Permian(C-P)coaly source rocks in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay *** oil-generated parent macerals of coal's secondary oil generation process(SOGP)were mainly hydrogen-rich collotelinite,collodetrinite,sporinite,and cutinite,while the oil-generated parent macerals of tertiary oil generation process(TOGP)were the remaining small amount of hydrogen-rich collotelinite,sporinite,and cutinite,as well as dispersed soluble organic matter and unexhausted residual *** with coal,the oil-generated parent macerals of coaly shale SOGP were mostly sporinite and *** part of hydrogen-poor vitrinite,lacking hydrocarbon-rich macerals,and macerals of the TOGP,in addition to some remaining cutinite and a small amount of crude oil and bitumen from SOGP contributed to the oil *** results indicated that the changes in oil yield had a good junction between SOGP and TOGP,both coal and coaly shale had higher SOGP aborted oil yield than TOGP starting yield,and coaly shale TOGP peak oil yield was low

关键词： Thermal simulation Multi-time oil generation processes Coaly source rock Carboniferous-permian Huanghua Depression

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Bifunctional erdite rods as an effective flocculant and catalyst in electro-Fenton systems

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2023年第4期33卷 518-525页

作者： Tong Sun Chengzhong Sun Ying Wang Jiancong Liu Htet Oo Kaung Suiyi Zhu Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering crude oil shipping and marketing company Dagang Oilfield Company CNPC Supervision company Jilin Oilfield Company CNPC School of Environment Northeast Normal University Lversheng Environmental Technology company

Erdite rods were massively produced via a one-step alkaline heating route with the complete recycling of waste waterwork sludge. The sludge was a mixture of Fe, Mn, Al, and Si, but only Fe-bearing substances were converted as erdite rods. The erdite rods had 100 nm diameter and 1-5 μm length, and was hydrolysed as Fe-SH-rich flocs in wastewater. Its hydrolysis became slow in the presence of electric field but accelerated by adding PMS. pNitrophenol was targeted as organic pollutant to determine the rods performance. The removal efficiency of pnitrophenol was 7.4% by adding erdite rods, but up to 44.6% with the addition of erdite/PMS, and then dramatically increased to 98.7% in the electro-PMS/erdite system. Given that the free Fe was less than 30 mg/L,the surface Fe of Fe-SH-rich flocs predominated the PMS activation, in which the surface Fe enriched in electronic field and then was involved in the redox reaction of PMS and then reduced by the adjacent S on flocs. This enabled the recycling of Fe3+/Fe2+to activate PMS at high level. Thus, the erdite rods showed high p-nitrophenol removal efficiency in the electro-Fenton system in comparison with the other reported reagents, e.g. ferrous sulphate,ferbam, pyrite and FeS.

关键词： Erdite rods p-Nitrophenol Fenton reaction Wastewater treatment Flocculant

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Geochemical identification of a source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and its geological significance:Fengcheng Formation,southern Mahu Sag,Junggar Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 100-114页

作者： Wen-Long Dang Gang Gao Xin-Cai You Ke-Ting Fan Jun Wu De-Wen Lei Wen-Jun He Yong Tang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China School of GeoSciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Exploration&Development Institute Xinjiang Oil Field CompanyKaramay834000XinjiangChina

The Fengcheng Formation is a crucial source rock and the primary reservoir for oil accumulation in the Mahu *** oils are distributed throughout the Fengcheng Formation,ranging from the edge to the interior of the sag in the southern Mahu *** crude oils originate from in-situ source rocks in shallowly buried areas and the inner deep *** migration,the crude oil from the inner deep sag affects the source rocks close to carrier beds,leading to changes in the organic geochemical characteristics of the source *** changes might alter source rock evaluations and oil-source *** on data such as total organic carbon(TOC),Rock-Eval pyrolysis of source rocks,and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)of the saturated fraction,and considering the geological characteristics of the study area,we define the identification characteristics of source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and establish the various patterns of influence that migrated hydrocarbons have on the source rock of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu *** source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are mostly fair to good,containing mainly Type II organic matter and being thermally mature enough to generate *** rocks affected by migrated hydrocarbons exhibit relatively high hydrocarbon contents(S1/TOC>110 mg HC/g TOC,Extract/TOC>30%,HC:hydrocarbon),relatively low Rock-Eval Tmax values,and relatively high tricyclic terpane contents with a descending and mountain-shaped ***,biomarker composition parameters indicate a higher thermal maturity than in-situ source *** a comparison of the extract biomarker fingerprints of adjacent reservoirs and mudstones in different boreholes,three types of influence patterns of migrated hydrocarbons are identified:the edge-influence of thin sandstone-thick mudstone,the mixed-influence of sandstone-mudstone interbedded,and the full-influence of thick sandstone-thin *** finding reminds

关键词： Organic geochemistry Source rock Influence of migrated hydrocarbons Fengcheng Formation Southern Mahu Sag

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An Integrated Optimization Method for CO_(2) Pre-Injection during Hydraulic Fracturing in Heavy oil Reservoirs

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第9期20卷 1971-1991页

作者： Hong Dong Xiding Gao Xinqi Zhang Qian Wang Haipeng Xu Binrui Wang Chengguo Gao Kaiwen Luo Hengyi Jiang PetroChina Xinjiang oilfield company Karamay834000China National Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China

CO_(2) pre-injection during hydraulic fracturing is an important method for the development of medium to deep heavy oil *** reduces the interfacial tension and viscosity of crude oil,enhances its flowability,maintains reservoir pressure,and increases reservoir drainage *** the Badaowan Formation as an example,in this study a detailed three-dimensional geomechanical model based on static data from well logging interpretations is elaborated,which can take into account both vertical and horizontal geological variations and mechanical characteristics.A comprehensive analysis of the impact of key construction parameters on Pre-CO_(2) based fracturing(such as cluster spacing and injection volume),is therefore ***,using optimized construction parameters,a non-structured grid for dynamic development prediction is introduced,and the capacity variations of different production scenarios are *** the basis of the simulation results,reasonable fracturing parameters are finally determined,including cluster spacing,fracturing fluid volume,proppant concentration,and well spacing.

关键词： Heavy oil reservoir pre-storage CO_(2)energy fracturing horizontal well fracturing parameters numerical simulation

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Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 621-640页

作者： Xue-Qiang Zhang Qing-Lin Cheng Wei Sun Yi Zhao Zhi-Min Li Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the oil and Gas Recovery Ratio Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina China Petroleum Pipeline Material and Equipment Co. LtdLangfang065000HebeiChina Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology Sinopec Northwest Oilfield CompanyUrumqi830011XinjiangChina

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex *** is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency *** this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is *** with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation *** comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are *** the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy *** entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their ***,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are *** above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

关键词： crude oil gathering and transportation system GA-BP neural network Energy efficiency evaluation TOPSIS evaluation method Energy saving and consumption reduction

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Chemical-assisted MMP reduction on methane-oil systems:Implications for natural gas injection to enhanced oil recovery

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Petroleum 2024年第1期10卷 101-108页

作者： Mohamed Almobarak Matthew B.Myers Colin D.Wood Yongbing Liu Ali Saeedi Quan Xie Discipline of Petroleum Engineering WA School of Mines: Minerals Energy and Chemical Engineering Curtin University Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Curtin University oil and Gas Innovation Centre Management State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation

Miscible natural gas injection is widely considered as a practical and efficient enhanced oil recovery technique. However, the main challenge in this process is the high minimum miscibility pressure（MMP）between natural gas and crude oil, which limits its application and recovery factor, especially in hightemperature reservoirs. Therefore, we present a novel investigation to quantify the effect of chemicalassisted MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor. Firstly, we measured the interfacial tension（IFT） of the methane-oil system in the presence of chemical or CO2to calculate the MMP reduction at a constant temperature（373K） using the vanishing interfacial tension（VIT） method. Afterwards, we performed three coreflooding experiments to quantify the effect of MMP reduction on the oil recovery factor under different injection *** interfacial tension measurements show that adding a small fraction（1.5 wt%） of the tested surfactant（SOLOTERRA ME-6） achieved 9% of MMP reduction, while adding 20 wt% of CO2to the methane yields 13% of MMP reduction. Then, the coreflooding results highlight the significance of achieving miscibility during gas injection, as the ultimate recovery factor increased from 65.5% under immiscible conditions to 77.2% using chemical-assisted methane, and to 79% using gas mixture after achieving near miscible condition. The results demonstrate the promising potential of the MMP reduction to significantly increase the oil recovery factor during gas injection. Furthermore, these results will likely expand the application envelop of the miscible gas injection, in addition to the environmental benefits of utilizing the produced gas by re-injection/recycling instead of flaring which contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： Gas injection Enhanced oil recovery Miscibility Coreflooding

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