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Seasonal exports of phosphorus from intensively fertilised nested grassland catchments

Journal of environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1847-1857页

作者： Ciaran Lewis Rashad Rafique Nelius Foley Paul Leahy Gerard Morgan John Albertson Sandeep Kumar Gerard Kiely department of Civil and environmental Engineering University College Cork department of Microbiology and Plant biology University of Oklahoma environmental Research Institute University College Cork Aquatic Services Unit Environmental Research Institute University College Cork department of Civil and environmental Engineering Duke University department of Plant Science South Dakota State University

We carried out a one year （2002） study of phosphorus （P） loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the grasslands between March and September and animal slurry was applied over the twelve months. The annual chemical P fertilizer applications for the 17 and 211 ha catchments were 16.4 and 23.7 kg P/ha respectively and the annual slurry applications were 10.7 and 14.0 kg P/ha, respectively. The annual total phosphorus （TP） export in stream-flow was 2.61, 2.48 and 1.61 kg P/ha for the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchments, respectively, compared with a maximum permissible （by regulation） annual export of ca. 0.35 kg P/ha. The export rate （ratio of P export to P in land applications） was 9.6% and 6.6% from the 17 and 211 ha catchments, respectively. On average, 70% of stream flow and 85% of the P export occurred during the five wet months （October to February） indicating that when precipitation is much greater than evaporation, the hydrological conditions are most favourable for P export. However the soil quality and land use history may vary the results. Particulate P made up 22%, 43% and 37% of the TP export at the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchment areas, respectively. As the chemical fertilizer was spread during the grass growth months （March to September）, it has less immediate impact on stream water quality than the slurry applications. We also show that as the catchment scale increases, the P concentrations and P export decrease, confirming dilution due to increasing rural catchment size. In the longer term, the excess P from fertilizer maintains high soil P levels, an antecedent condition favourable to P loss from soil to water. This study confirms the significant negative water quality impact of excess P applications, particularly liquid animal slurry applications in wet winter months. The findings suggest that restricted P application in w

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer slurry exports grassland land management water quality eutrophication

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Insecticide susceptibility in larval populations of the West Nile vector Culex pipiens L.(Diptera: Culicidae) in Saudi Arabia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 390-395页

作者： Al Thabiani Aziz Jazem Abdullah Mahyoub Hasibur Rehman Shalini Saggu Kadarkarai Murugan Chellasamy Panneerselvam Majed Salum S.Alrefaei Marcello Nicoletti Hui Wei Angelo Canale Giovanni Benelli department of biology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Tabuk department of Biological Sciences King Abdul Aziz University Division of Entomology Department of ZoologySchool of Life SciencesBharathiar University department of environmental biology Sapienza University of Rome Institute of Plant protection Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences department of Agriculture Food and EnvironmentUniversity of Pisa

Objective: To investigate the susceptibility to some conventional and non-conventional insecticides in laboratory and field larval populations of the West Nile vector Culex pipiens L.(Cx. pipiens), the dominant species in Jeddah Province, Saudi ***: The tested conventional insecticides were Actikil and Pesgard, while the nonconventional ones were Bacilod, Dudim and Baycidal. Probit analysis and photomicroscopical observations were carried out to shed light on acute toxicity in laboratory and field Cx. pipiens ***: Cx. pipiens were more susceptible to Pesgard(LC50: 0.045 and 0.032 mg/L)than Actikil(0.052 and 0.038 mg/L) and Bacilod(0.129 and 0.104 mg/L), for the field and laboratory strains, respectively. Results showed that treatments with the chitin synthesis inhibitor Dudim and Baycidal evoked morphological effects similar to those induced by other insect growth regulators. According to IC50 values obtained(concentration which to inhibit the emergence of 50% of mosquito adults), the compound Dudim(0.000 3 and 0.000 1 mg/L) was more effective against Cx. pipiens L. mosquitoes than Baycidal(0.000 4 and 0.000 3 mg/L) for both the field and laboratory strains, ***: Our results provide baseline data to enhance control programs and orient public health decisions on the selection of pesticides against mosquito vectors in Saudi Arabia.

关键词： Acute toxicity Biosafety Carbamates Larvicides Mosquito control programs Pyrethroids

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Impacts of silicon on biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第10期17卷 2182-2195页

作者： LI Zi-chuan SONG Zhao-liang YANG Xiao-min SONG A-lin YU Chang-xun WANG Tao XIA Shao-pan LIANG Yong-chao Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin University Key Laboratory of crop Nutrition and Fertilization Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences department of biology and environmental Science Linnaeus University Microbial Ecology Group Department of Biology Lund University Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health Ministry of Education/College of Environmental & Resource Sciences Zhejiang University

crop harvesting and residue removal from croplands often result in imbalanced biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands, putting forward an austere challenge to sustainable agricultural production. As a beneficial element, silicon（Si） has multiple eco-physiological functions, which could help crops to acclimatize their unfavorable habitats. Although many studies have reported that the application of Si can alleviate multiple abiotic and biotic stresses and increase biomass accumulation, the effects of Si on carbon immobilization and nutrients uptake into plants in croplands have not yet been explored. This review focused on Si-associated regulation of plant carbon accumulation, lignin biosynthesis, and nutrients uptake, which are important for biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients in croplands. The tradeoff analysis indicates that the supply of bioavailable Si can enhance plant net photosynthetic rate and biomass carbon production（especially root biomass input to soil organic carbon pool）, but reduce shoot lignin biosynthesis. Besides, the application of Si could improve uptake of most nutrients under deficient conditions, but restricts excess uptake when they are supplied in surplus amounts. Nevertheless, Si application to crops may enhance the uptake of nitrogen and iron when they are supplied in deficient to luxurious amounts, while potassium uptake enhanced by Si application is often involved in alleviating salt stress and inhibiting excess sodium uptake in plants. More importantly, the amount of Si accumulated in plant positively correlates with nutrients release during the decay of crop biomass, but negatively correlates with straw decomposability due to the reduced lignin synthesis. The Si-mediated plant growth and litter decomposition collectively suggest that Si cycling in croplands plays important roles in biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients. Hence, scientific Si management in croplands will be helpful for maintaining sus

关键词： silicon cropland biogeochemical cycle biomass carbon nutrient

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Siderophore-Producing Rhizobacteria as a Promising Tool for Empowering Plants to Cope with Iron Limitation in Saline Soils:A Review

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 409-420页

作者： Maria J.FERREIRA Helena SILVA Angela CUNHA biology department and Centre for environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM) University of Aveiro Campus de Santigo

Iron(Fe) bioavailability to plants is reduced in saline soils;however, the exact mechanisms underlying this effect are not yet completely understood. Siderophore-expressing rhizobacteria may represent a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers by simultaneously tackling salt-stress effects and Fe limitation in saline soils. In addition to draught, plants growing in arid soils face two other major challenges: high salinity and Fe deficiency. Salinity attenuates growth, affects plant physiology, and causes nutrient imbalance,which is, in fact, one of the major consequences of saline stress. Iron is a micronutrient essential for plant development, and it is required by several metalloenzymes involved in photosynthesis and respiration. Iron deficiency is associated with chlorosis and low crop productivity. The role of microbial siderophores in Fe supply to plants and the effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) on the mitigation of saline stress in crop culture are well documented. However, the dual effect of siderophore-producing PGPR, both on salt stress and Fe limitation, is still poorly explored. This review provides a critical overview of the combined effects of Fe limitation and soil salinization as challenges to modern agriculture and intends to summarize some indirect evidence that argues in favour of siderophore-producing PGPR as biofertilization agents in salinized soils. Recent developments and future perspectives on the use of PGPR are discussed as clues to sustainable agricultural practices in the context of present and future climate change scenarios.

关键词： aridity bioavailability biofertilizer Fe deficiency high salinity plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) saline stress soil salinization

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Influence of various stressors on the expression of core genes of the small interfering RNA pathway in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 418-430页

作者： Yi-Fei Xie Jin-Zhi Niu Xuan-Zhao Jiang Wen-Jia Yang Guang-Mao Shen Dong Wei Guy Smagghe Jin-Jun Wang Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant Protection Southwest University Chongqing China department of crop protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium Hunan Academy of Forestry Changsha China

RNA interference （RNAi）-based technology has emerged as a potential tool for controlling insect pests, however, previous studies found that the efficiency of RNAi in Bactrocera dorsalis was variable. In nature, insects often meet various challenges, such as pathogen infections, extreme temperatures, lack of nutrition and heavy metals. To better understand the association of the stressors with efficiency of RNAi, in the current study we tested the expression of three core genes, dicer2 （Bddcr2）, r2d2 （Bdr2d2） and argonaute2 （Bdago2）, of the small interfering RNA （siRNA） pathway of B. dorsalis upon various stressors. Our results showed that all three genes were upregulated by the infection of invertebrate iridescent virus 6, which suggested a function of the siRNA pathway against viral infection. The loading of FeC13 could also increase the expression of Bddcr2. The treatments ofEscherichia coli, extremely high （40~C） and low （0~C） temperatures, as well as starvation, could negatively influence the expression of Bddcr2 and/or Bdago2. In total, our results showed that various stressors could influence the expression of core components ofB. dorsalis siRNA pathway. This highlights further speculation on the RNAi efficiency upon these stressors. Considering the complexity and variation of RNAi efficiency in different conditions, these results provide initial aspects in possible environmental stressors to influence the activity of the siRNA pathway, but the real impact of RNAi efficiency posed by these stressors requires further studies.

关键词： argonaute Bactrocera dorsalis dicer RNA interference R2D2 stressor

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Response of Growth Dynamics of Two Spring Geophytes to Light Regime in a Lime-Beech Forest

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2006年第5期48卷 527-535页

作者： Zorica Popovic Aleksandar Mijovic Branko Karadzic Miroslava Mijatovic Institute of Biological Research Department of Ecology Despota Stefana Boulevard 142 11060 Belgrade Serbia and Montenegro Environment protection Agency Ministry for Science and Environmental Protection Republic of Serbia Serbia and Montenegro

Blomaee accumulation, leaf longevity and growth rate of two spring forest geophytes, Scllla blfolla L. and Arum maculatum L. were estimated separately for three size groups within each population of these species. Despite the differences in leaf longevity, both species showed a similar pattern of blomass accumulation In relation to their phenologles and reproductive demands. Eco-physlological acclimation to changing light environment was assumed through photosynthetic parameters and dynamics of leaf area Index In the predominant size group of each species. A light response curve was measured under natural light for each species through the continuum of Its phenology to quantify the photosynthetic photon flux density at light saturation, light-saturated photosynthetic rate, light compensation point, and dark respiration. Light-saturated assimilation per leaf area basis, dark respiration rate and light compensation points were significantly higher in S. blfolla relative to A. maculatum. However, the acclimation of photosynthesis that would respond to light changes in environment was not found in S. bifolla. In contrast, In A. maculatum a marked shift In the light dependence of photosynthesis through the season was noticed, which resulted In a strong photosynthetic acclimation to the low-light conditions. Accompanied by significant leaf area Index, this efficient low-light photosynthesis enabled greater leaf longevity, and consequently longer accumulative period to A. maculatum. From the different parameters that we determined （both photosynthetic acclimation and growth strategy） it would appear that these species belong to two distinct subgroups： S. blfolla to the early and A. maculatum to the late vernals.

关键词： biomass accumulation deciduous forests early and late vernals leaf area index (LAI) light response of photosynthesis spring geophytes.

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Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of an All-Stage Stripe Rust Resistance Gene in Triticum aestivum-Haynaldia villosa Translocation Line V3

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2197-2208页

作者： HOU Lu MA Dong-fang HU Mao-lin HE Miao-miao LU Yan JING Jin-xue State Key Laboratory of crop Stress biology for Arid Areas College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F University Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science department of Plant Pathology China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyMinistry of Agriculture

Triticum aestivum-Hayaldia villosa translocation line V3 has shown effective all-stage resistance to the seven dominant pathotypes of Puccinia striiforms *** prevalent in *** elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance,the segregating populations were developed from the cross between V3 and susceptible genotype Mingxian 169,seedlings of the parents and F 2 progeny were tested with six prevalent pathotypes,including CYR29,CYR31,CYR32-6,CYR33,Sun11-4,and Sun11-11,F 1 plants and F 3 lines were also inoculated with Sun11-11 to confirm the result *** genetic studied results showed that the resistance of V3 against CYR29 was conferred by two dominant genes,independently,one dominant gene and one recessive gene conferring independently or a single dominant gene to confer resistance to CYR31,two complementary dominant genes conferring resistance to both CYR32-6 and Sun11-4,two independently dominant genes or three dominant genes（two of the genes show cumulative effect） conferring resistance to CYR33,a single dominant gene for resistance to *** gene analog polymorphism（RGAP） and simple-sequence repeat（SSR） techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the single dominant gene（temporarily designated as YrV3） for resistance to Sun11-11.A linkage map of 2 RGAP and 7 SSR markers was constructed for the dominant gene using data from 221 F 2 plants and their derived F 2：3 lines tested with Sun11-11 in the *** of the complete set of nulli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring with a RGAP marker RG1 mapped the gene on the chromosome 1B,and then the linked 7 SSR markers located this gene on the long arm of chromosome *** linkage map spanned a genetic distance of 25.0 cM,the SSR markers Xgwm124 and Xcfa2147 closely linked to YrV3 with genetic distances of 3.0 and 3.8 cM,*** on the linkage map,it concluded that the resistance gene YrV3 was located on chromosome arm *** chromosomal location,

关键词： Haynaldia villosa translocation line stripe rust RGAP-SSR molecular mapping

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Genome editing in Bombyx mori: New opportunities for silkworm functional genomics and the sericulture industry

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Insect Science 2019年第6期26卷 964-972页

作者： San-Yuan Ma Guy Smagghe Qing-You Xia State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome biology Southwest University ChongqingChina Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials Southwest University Chongqing China department of crop protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium

In recent years, research in life sciences has been remarkably revolutionized owing to the establishment, development and application of genome editing technologies. Genome editing has not only accelerated fundamental research but has also shown promising applications in agricultural breeding and therapy. In particular, the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology has become an indispensable tool in molecular biology owing to its high efficacy and simplicity. Genome editing tools have also been established in silkworm (Bombyx mori), a model organism of Lepidoptera insects with high economic importance. This has remarkably improved the level and scope of silkworm research and could reveal new mechanisms or targets in basic entomology and pest management studies. In this review, we summarize the progress and potential of genome editing in silkworm and its applications in functional genomic studies for generating novel genetic materials.

关键词： CRISPR genome editing silkworm TALEN ZFN

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TaARPC5 is required for wheat defense signaling in response to infection by the stripe rust fungus

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The crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 88-97页

作者： Jia Guo Huan Peng Tuo Qi Sanding Xu Md Ashraful Islam Brad Day Qing Ma Zhensheng Kang Jun Guo State Key Laboratory of crop Stress biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant protection Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina department of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

Numerous studies using a combination of confocal microscopic-and pharmacological-based approaches have demonstrated that the actin cytoskeleton dynamically responds to pathogen ***,we observed that phalloidin treatment induced actin nucleation,resulting in enhanced resistance of wheat against the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst).To define the mechanism underpinning this process,we characterized a family of conserved actin-binding proteins,the actin related protein(ARP)family,which controls actin ***,we identified and characterized a wheat ARPC gene(Ta ARPC5),which encodes a 136-amino acid protein containing a P16-Arc domain,the smallest subunit of the ARP2/3 *** ARPC5 m RNA accumulation was induced following the infection of plants with the avirulent Pst strain,and following the elicitation with flagellin(e.g.,flg22)as *** localization analysis revealed that Ta ARPC5 is primarily localized to the cortical actin cytoskeleton,and its precise cellular localizations suggest the proximity to processes correlated with the actin-organelle *** treatment with virulent Pst,Ta ARPC5-knockdown plants exhibited a significant reduction in the expression of PTI-specific m ***,we observed enhanced induction of reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and a decrease in Ta CAT1 expression following infection with an incompatible Pst *** with yeast complementation assays,the current study demonstrates a role for Ta ARPC5 in resistance signaling in wheat against Pst infection by regulating the host actin cytoskeleton.

关键词： ARPC5 Cytoskeleton Wheat Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici Virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)

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Establishment of Beauveria bassiana as a fungal endophyte in potato plants and its virulence against potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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Insect Science 2023年第1期30卷 197-207页

作者： Meng-Di Zhang Sheng-Yong Wu Jun-Jie Yan Stuart Reitz Yu-Lin Gao State Key Laboratory for biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBejingChina department of crop and Soil Sciences Malheur Experiment StationOregon State UniversityOntarioORUSA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina

The potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella,is the most damaging potato pest in the world and is difficult to control as the larvae are internal feeders in the foliage and *** fungi that colonize plants as endophytes have lethal and sublethal pathological effects on insect *** show that Beauveria bassiana colonizes the aerial parts of potato plants endophytically after inoculation through soil *** *** persisted in potato foliage for more than 50 days *** indicated that foliage of ***-inoculated potato plants were pathogenic against larvae of P *** experiments indicated that *** negatively affected the growth,development,and reproduction of P *** experiments showed that the weight of *** pupae reared on *** potato plants(4.25 mg)was significantly less than that of those reared on uninoculated control plants(8.89mg).Compared with newly eclosed larvaefed on control plants,those fed on ***-inoculated plants had significantly lower survivorship,with only 17.8%developing to the adult *** of P operculella females reared on *** endophytically colonized plants was significantly lower(35 eggs/female)than of those reared on uninoculated plants(115 eggs/female).This study demonstrates that endophytic *** can be a potential biological control agent for the control and management of P *** pupal weights of P operculella reared on potato plants inoculated with the *** strain GZGY-1-3 and on untreated control plants,pupae from the control plants were significantly heavier than those from treated plants.

关键词： Beauveria bassiana biological control colonization Phthorimaea operculella

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