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Comparisons of Yield and Growth Behaviors of Hybrid Rice Under Different Nitrogen Management Methods in Tropical and Subtropical Environments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 621-629页

作者： Ibrahim Md PENG Shao-bing TANG Qi-yuan HUANG Min JIANG Peng ZOU Ying-bin College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University crop physiology and production center (cppc) Huazhong Agricultural University

To compare the grain yield and growth behaviors of hybrid rice, field experiments were conducted in a subtropical environment in Changsha, Hunan Province, China, and in two tropical environments in Gazipur and Habiganj in Bangladesh during 2009 to 2011. Three hybrid rice cultivars were grown under three nitrogen （N） management treatments in each experiment. The results showed that grain yield was significantly affected by locations, N treatments and their interaction but not by cultivars. Changsha produced 8-58% higher grain yields than Bangladesh locations. Sink size （spikelet number per unit land area） was responsible for these yield differences. Larger panicle size （spikelet number per panicle） contributed to greater sink size in Changsha. Aboveground total biomass was greater in Changsha than in Bangladesh locations, whereas harvest index was higher in Bangladesh locations than in Changsha. crop growth rate （CGR） was greater at Changsha than Bangladesh locations during vegetative phase, while the difference was relatively small and not consistent during the later growth phases. Higher leaf area index and leaf area duration were partly responsible for the greater CGR in Changsha. Real-time N management （RTNM） produced lower grain yields than fixed-time N management in more than half of the experiments. Our study suggested that further improvement in rice yield in the tropical environments similar to those of Bangladesh will depend mainly on the ability to increase panicle size as well as CGR during vegetative phase, and the chlorophyll meter threshold value used in RTNM needs to be modified according to environmental conditions and cultivar characteristics to achieve a desirable grain yield.

关键词： crop growth rate biomass production hybrid rice leaf area duration leaf area index real-time nitrogenmanagement

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Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-Duck and Rice-Fish Complex Ecosystems and the Evaluation of Their Economic Significance

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第10期8卷 1246-1255页

作者： YUAN Wei-ling CAO Cou-gui LI Cheng-fang ZHAN Ming CAI Ming-li WANG Jin-ping crop physiology and production center （cppc） Huazhong Agricultural University~Key Laboratory of Huazhong Crop PhysiologyEcology and Production Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430070 P.R China

Rice-duck （RD） and rice-fish （RF） ecological systems are major complex planting and breeding models of rice paddy fields in southern China. Studying the methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O） emissions and their economic value from these two ecosystems can provide theoretical and practical basis for further development and utilization of these classical agricultural techniques. CH4 and N2O emissions from RD and RF ecological systems were measured in situ by using static chambers technique. Using global warming potentials （GWPs）, we assessed the greenhouse effect of CH4 and N2O and their economic value. Results showed that the peaks of CH4 emission fluxes from RD and RF appeared at full tillering stage and at heading stage, and the average emission fluxes were significantly （P〈 0.05） lower than that from CK. N2O fluxes remained low when the field is flooded and high after draining the water. Compared with CK, the total amount of N2O emissions was significantly （P〈0.05） higher and slightly lower than those from RD and RF, respectively. In 2006 and 2007, the total greenhouse effect of CH4 and N20 from RD and RF were 4 728.3 and 4 611 kg CO2 ha^-1, 4 545 and 4 754.3 kg CO2 ha^-1, respectively. The costs of greenhouse effect were 970.89 and 946.81 RMB yuan ha^-1, and 933.25 and 976.23 RMB yuan ha^-1, respectively, which were significant lower than those from CK （5 997.6 and 5 391.5 RMB yuan ha^-1）. Except for the environment cost of CH4 and N2O, the economic benefits from RD and RF were 2 210.64 and 4 881.92 RMB yuan ha^-1; 3 798.37 and 5 310.64 RMB yuan ha^-1, respectively, higher than those from CK. Therefore, RD and RF complex ecological planting and breeding models can effectively decrease and control CH4 and N2O emissions, and they are two of the effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gases from rice paddy fields and contribute in alleviating global warming. Thus, their adoption is important to the environment together with their economy benefits.

关键词： methane emission nitrous oxide emission rice-duck complex ecosystem rice-fish complex ecosystem,greenhouse effect economic benefit

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Effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkalihydrolyzable N, subtending leaf N concentration,fiber yield, and quality of cotton

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The crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 323-330页

作者： Binglin Chen Hongkun Yang Weichao Song Chunyu Liu Jiao Xu Wenqing Zhao Zhiguo Zhou Key Laboratory of crop physiology Ecology and production Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production

Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, which is sensitive to N fertilization rate, is one of the indicators of soil nitrogen supplying capacity. Two field experiments were conducted in Dongtai(120°19″ E, 32°52″ N), Jiangsu, China in 2009 and Dafeng(120°28″ E, 33°12″ N), Jiangsu province, China in 2010. Six nitrogen rates(0, 150, 300, 375, 450, and 600 kg ha^(-1)) were used to study the effect of N fertilization rate on soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content(SAHNC), subtending leaf nitrogen concentration(SLNC), yield, and fiber quality. In both Dongtai and Dafeng experiment station, the highest yield(1709 kg ha^(-1)), best quality(fiber length 30.6 mm, fiber strength 31.6 c N tex^(-1), micronaire 4.82), and highest N agronomic efficiency(2.03 kg kg^(-1)) were achieved at the nitrogen fertilization rate of 375 kg ha^(-1). The dynamics of SAHNC and SLNC could be simulated with a cubic and an exponential function,respectively. The changes in SAHNC were consistent with the changes in SLNC. Optimal average rate(0.276 mg day^(-1)) and duration(51.8 days) of SAHNC rapid decline were similar to the values obtained at the nitrogen rate of 375 kg ha^(-1)at which cotton showed highest fiber yield, quality, and N agronomic efficiency. Thus, the levels and strategies of nitrogen fertilization can affect SAHNC dynamics. The N fertilization rate that optimizes soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content would optimize the subtending leaf nitrogen concentration and thereby increase the yield and quality of the cotton fiber.

关键词： Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L) Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen Subtending leaf nitrogen concentration Fiber yield Fiber properties Nitrogen use efficiency

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Effect of Nitrogen Regimes on Grain Yield,Nitrogen Utilization,Radiation Use Efficiency,and Sheath Blight Disease Intensity in Super Hybrid Rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第1期11卷 134-143页

作者： LI Di-qin TANG Qi-yuan ZHANG Yun-bo QIN Jian-quan LI Hu CHEN Li-jun YANG Sheng-hai ZOU Ying-bin PENG Shao-bing State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 P.R.China crop physiology and production center （cppc） Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P..R.China

Poor nitrogen use efficiency in rice production is a critical issue in China. Site-specific N managements （SSNM） such as real-time N management （RTNM） and fixed-time adjustable-dose N management （FTNM） improve fertilizer-N use efficiency of irrigated rice. This study was aimed to compare the different nitrogen （N） rates and application methods （FFP, SSNM, and RTNM methods） under with- and without-fungicide application conditions on grain yield, yield components, solar radiation use efficiency （RUE）, agronomic-nitrogen use efficiency （AEN）, and sheath blight disease intensity. Field experiments were carried out at Liuyang County, Hunan Province, China, during 2006 and 2007. A super hybrid rice Liangyou 293 （LY293） was used as experimental material. The results showed that RTNM and SSNM have great potential for improving agronomic-nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing the grain yield. There were significant differences in light interception rate, sheath blight disease incidence （DI） and the disease index （ShBI）, and total dry matter among the different nitrogen management methods. The radiation use efficiency was increased in a certain level of applied N. But, the harvest index （HI） decreased with the increase in applied N. There is a quadratic curve relationship between grain yield and applied N rates. With the same N fertilizer rate, different fertilizer-N application methods affected the RUE and grain yield. The fungicide application not only improved the canopy light interception rate, RUE, grain filling, and harvest index, but also reduced the degree of sheath blight disease. The treatment of RTNM under the SPAD threshold value 40 obtained the highest yield. While the treatment of SSNM led to the highest nitrogen agronomic efficiency and higher rice yield, and decreased the infestation of sheath blight disease dramatically as well. Nitrogen application regimes and diseases control in rice caused obvious effects on light interception rate, RUE, and HI. Optim

关键词： super hybrid rice real-time N management fixed-time adjustable-does N management grain yield sheath blight radiation use efficiency agronomic-nitrogen use efficiency

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Effects of planting dates and shading on carbohydrate content,yield,and fiber quality in cotton with respect to fruiting positions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第5期17卷 1106-1119页

作者： ZHAO Wen-qing WU You Zahoor Rizwan WANG You-hua MA Yi-na CHEN Bing-lin MENG Ya-li ZHOU Zhi-guo Key Laboratory of crop physiology Ecology and production Management Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP)Nanjing Agricultural University

Two cotton（Gossypium hirsutum L.） cultivars, Kemian 1（cool temperature-tolerant） and Sumian 15（cool temperaturesensitive） were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions（FP）. Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates（OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June） and two shading levels of crop relative light rate（CRLR, 100 and 60%）. Compared with fruiting position 1（FP1）, cotton yield and yield components（fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose） were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments（OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%） had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the ＂source＂ sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature a

关键词： cotton planting date and shading fruiting position yield fiber quality

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Relationships between temperature-light meteorological factors and seedcotton biomass per boll at different boll positions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1315-1326页

作者： WU You ZHAO Wen-qing MENG Ya-li WANG You-hua CHEN Bing-lin ZHOU Zhi-guo Key Laboratory of crop physiology Ecology and production Management Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP)Nanjing Agricultural University

Cotton growth and development are determined and influenced by cultivars, meteorological conditions, and management practices. The objective of this study was to quantify the optimum of temperature-light meteorological factors for seedcotton biomass per boll with respect to boll positions. Field experiments were conducted using two cultivars of Kemian 1 and Sumian 15 with three planting dates of 25 April （mean daily temperature （MDT） was 28.0 and 25.4°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, 25 May （MDT was 22.5 and 21.2°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, and 10 Jun （MDT was 18.7 and 17.9°C in 2010 and 2011, respectively）, and under three shading levels （crop relative light rates （CRLR） were 100, 80, and 60％） during 2010 and 2011 cotton boll development period （from anthesis to boll open stages）. The main meteorological factors （temperature and light） affected seedcotton biomass per boll differently among different boll positions and cultivars. Mean daily radiation （MDR） affected seedcotton biomass per boll at all boll positions, except fruiting branch 2 （FB2） fruting node 1 （FN1）. However, its influence was less than temperature factors, especially growing degree-days （GDD）. Optimum mean daily maximum temperature （MDTmax） for seedcotton biomass per boll at FB11FN3 was 29.9-32.4°C, and the optimum MDR at aforementioned position was 15.8-17.5 MJ m-2. Definitely, these results can contribute to future cultural practices such as rational cultivars choice and distribution, simplifying field managements and mechanization to acquire more efficient and economical cotton management.

关键词： cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) temperature-light meteorological factors seedcotton biomass per boll boll positions

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The effect of integrative crop management on root growth and methane emission of paddy rice

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The crop Journal 2019年第4期7卷 444-457页

作者： Hao Zhang Hailang Liu Danping Hou Yilei Zhou Mengzhu Liu Zhiqin Wang Lijun Liu Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of crop Genetics and physiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou University

In previous studies, integrative crop management (ICM) improved shoot growth and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, little is known about the effect of ICM on root growth and methane (CH4) emission of paddy rice. In this study, two rice varieties, Wuyunjing 24 and Yongyou 2640, were grown. A field experiment was conducted with three crop management treatments including zero nitrogen fertilization (0N), local farmer practice (LFP), and ICM. Root morphophysiological traits and CH4 emission from the paddy field were investigated. ICM significantly increased mean grain yield by 29.9%, with the effect attributed mainly to an increase in mean total number of spikelets by 26.4% compared to LFP. ICM increased root and shoot biomass, root length, number of roots, root oxidation activity (ROA), root bleeding rate, and root total and active absorbing surface area by respectively 24.4%, 25.7%, 17.1%, 9.3%, 18.7%, 29.5%, 12.1%, and 24.7%. The concentrations of malic, succinic, and acetic acids in root exudates were respectively 5.8%, 6.0%, and 10.5% higher in ICM than in LFP. Compared to LFP, ICM significantly decreased the rate of CH4 emission during emission peak stages and reduced total CH4 emission by 17.1%. The root morphophysiological traits were positively and significantly correlated with grain yield, whereas root length, specific root length, ROA, and root total and active absorbing surface area were negatively and significantly correlated with total CH4 emission. These results suggest that ICM could achieve the dual goals of increasing grain yield and reducing the greenhouse gas effect by improving the root morphology and physiological traits of paddy rice.

关键词： Rice Root traits Methane emission Integrative crop management

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Effects of high temperature during grain filling on physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第2期15卷 309-316页

作者： LU Da-lei YANG Huan SHEN Xin LU Wei-ping Jiangsu Key Laboratory of crop Genetics and physiology/Co-Innovation center for Modern production Technology of Grain crops Yangzhou University

Understanding the waxy maize starch physicochemical properties response to heat stress during grain filling could improve starch *** effects of heat stress during early（1-15 days after pollination,DAP） and late（16-30 DAP） grain filling stages on the starch physicochemical properties of four waxy maize varieties were *** only increased in Suyunuo 5 after exposure to high temperature at late grain filling *** effects of heat stress on digestibility and swelling power were dependent on varieties and ***,swelling power was increased by heat stress at early grain development stage and digestibility was increased by high temperature at late grain filling stage,*** results of correlation analysis indicated the starch with large granule size could swell well and easy ***,trough,final,and breakdown viscosities in response to heat stress were dependent on stages and *** general,peak,trough and final viscosities were decreased and increased by heat stress at early grain formation and late grain filling stages,respectively;whereas the breakdown and setback viscosities were similar among the three *** stress increased the gelatinization temperatures and retrogradation *** range decreased under heat stress at 1-15 DAP but remained constant under heat stress at 16-30 DAP in all *** starch exposed to high temperature at 16-30 DAP presented higher digestibility and peak viscosity and lower retrogradation percentage than those at 1-15 ***,heat stress at early grain formation stage severely affects the physicochemical properties of starch.

关键词： waxy maize heat stress digestibility pasting gelatinization retrogradation

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Effects of shading after pollination on kernel filling and physicochemical quality traits of waxy maize

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The crop Journal 2016年第3期4卷 235-245页

作者： Huan Yang Yanling Shi Renchao Xu Dalei Lu Weiping Lu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of crop Genetics and physiology Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Kernel CropsYangzhou University

Understanding the effects of shading after pollination on kernel filling and physicochemical properties of waxy maize could improve kernel *** were conducted to investigate the effects of shading(30% and 50% light deprivation,taken plants without shading as control) on kernel weight,size,and physicochemical properties during kernel development in 2013 and 2014 using two waxy maize varieties(Suyunuo 5 and Yunuo 7).Results indicated that shading reduced kernel filling rate and decreased kernel size and weight,and the influence was large under severe light deprivation *** large reduction in kernel weight and volume of Suyunuo 5 in response to shading indicated that it was more sensitive to shading than Yunuo *** content was reduced and protein content was increased by shading,especially under severe shading after 22 days after pollination(DAP).The iodine binding capacity of Yunuo 7 was not affected by shading at fresh and maturity stages but was gradually decreased by shading at the newly formed stage,while the values for Suyunuo 5were decreased at 7 and 40 DAP only by moderate shading and were similar among three treatments at 22 *** shading decreased crystallinity at all kernel development stages,whereas moderate shading decreased crystallinity at fresh stage and increased it at mature stage for Suyunuo *** in Yunuo 7 was increased by shading at 7 DAP and decreased by shading at 40 DAP,whereas the value at 22 DAP was increased by moderate shading and reduced by severe shading,*** average gelatinization temperatures at different stages were decreased by shading and showed no difference between two shading *** retrogradation percentage at 7 DAP for both varieties was increased by *** value at 22 DAP was increased by moderate shading for Suyunuo 5 and decreased by severe shading for Yunuo 7,*** retrogradation percentage at 40 DAP was decreased by shading treatments for Suyunuo 5

关键词： Waxy maize Shading Kernel filling Physicochemical property

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Polyamines mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on starch granule size distribution in wheat kernels

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The crop Journal 2016年第6期4卷 444-458页

作者： Yunji Xu Mengting Qiu Yinyin Li Xiyang Qian Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of crop Genetics and physiology/Co-Innovation center for Modern production Technology of Grain crops Yangzhou University

Polyamines(PAs) are important endogenous plant growth regulators responding to environmental stress and mediating many physiological processes including grain filling in *** study investigated whether PAs mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on starch granule size distribution,starch content,and weight of superior and inferior kernels of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Two wheat cultivars were grown in *** treatments,well-watered(WW),moderate soil drying(MD) and severe soil drying(SD),were imposed from 9 days post-anthesis until *** levels in kernels and small,medium and large granules were *** results showed that superior kernels had much higher free spermidine(Spd) and free spermine(Spm) concentrations,larger volumes of medium starch granules,and smaller-sized large granules than did inferior kernels under all the *** to WW,MD significantly increased the concentrations of free Spd and free Spm,activities of soluble starch synthase and granule-bound starch synthase,volume of medium granules,and starch content and kernel weight of inferior kernels,and decreased the size of large *** produced the opposite *** of Spd or Spm to spikes produced effects similar to those of MD,and application of an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis produced effects similar to those of *** results suggest that PAs mediate the effect of post-anthesis soil drying on starch biosynthesis in wheat kernels by regulating key enzymes in starch synthesis and that elevated PA levels under MD increase the volume of medium granules and kernel weight of inferior kernels.

关键词： Polyamines Starch granule size distribution Soil drying Triticum aestivum L.(wheat)

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