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Preimplantation genetic testing for embryos predisposed to hereditary cancer:Possibilities and challenges

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Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy 2024年第1期2卷 1-14页

作者： Mohammed H.Albujja Maher Al-Ghedan Lakshmidevi Dakshnamoorthy Josep Pla Victori Department of Forensic Sciences Naif Arab University for Security SciencesRiyadh 11452Saudi Arabia Genetics Laboratory Thuriah Medical CenterRiyadh 11523Saudi Arabia Department of Genetic counselling VI-RMA GlobalValencia 46004Spain

Preimplantation genetic testing(PGT),which was developed as an alternative to prenatal genetic testing,allows couples to avoid pregnancies with abnormal chromosomes and the subsequent termination of the affected *** used for early onset monogenic conditions,PGT is now used to prevent various types of inherited cancer conditions based on the development of PGT technology,assisted reproductive techniques(ARTs),and in vitro fertilization(IVF).This review provides insights into the potential benefits and challenges associated with the application of PGT for hereditary cancer and provides an overview of the existing literature on this test,with a particular focus on the current challenges related to laws,ethics,counseling,and ***,this review predicts the future potential applications of this *** PGT may be utilized to predict and prevent hereditary cancer,each case should be comprehensively *** motives of couples must be assessed to prevent the misuse of this technique for eugenic purposes,and non-pathogenic phenotypes must be carefully *** cases that require this technology should also be carefully considered based on legal and ethical *** may be the preferred treatment for hereditary cancer cases;however,such cases require careful case-by-case ***,this study concludes that multidisciplinary counseling and support for patients and their families are essential to ensure that PGT is a viable option that meets all legal and ethical concerns.

关键词： Preimplantation genetic testing Hereditary cancer Late-onset diseases Ethics Legal restrictions

Children with Disabilities and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第1期6卷 38-48页

作者： Steve Ronoh JC Gaillard Jay Marlowe School of Environment The University of Auckland School of counselling Human Services and Social WorkThe University of Auckland

Children with disabilities are often excluded from disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives and, as a result, can experience amplified physical, psychological, and educational vulnerabilities. Research on children with disabilities during disasters is lacking, and their potential value in helping shape inclusive policies in DRR planning has been largely overlooked by both researchers and policymakers. This article highlights the existing research and knowledge gap. The review includes literature from two areas of scholarship in relation to disasters—children, and people with disabilities—and provides a critique of the prevailing medical, economic, and social discourses that conceptualize disability and associated implications for DRR. The article analyzes the different models in which disability has been conceptualized, and the role this has played in the inclusion or exclusion of children with disabilities in DRR activities and in determining access to necessary resources in the face of disaster. Finally, the study explores possible pathways to studying the contribution and involvement of children with disabilities in DRR.

关键词： Children with disabilities Disability concepts Disaster risk reduction Vulnerability

Are herbal medicinal products less teratogenic than Western pharmaceutical products?

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2002年第12期23卷 116-119页

作者： LEUNG Kwok-Yin,LEE Yuk-Ping,CHAN Ho-Yee,LEE Chin-Peng,Mary TANG Hoi-Yin Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and counselling Tsan Yuk Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and counselling Tsan Yuk Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and counselling Tsan Yuk Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Prenatal Diagnosis and counselling Tsan Yuk Hospital The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

AIM: To determine the use and teratogenicity of herbal medicinal products (HMP). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a University hospital to compare the difference in the pattern of use and fetal outcomes between pregnant women who took HMP and Western pharmaceutical products (WPP). RESULTS: From 1995 Jan to 2001 Dec, 61 and 372 women took HMP and WPP one month before or during their current pregnancies respectively. There was an increase in the prevalence of pregnant women who took HMP from 0 % in 1995 to 0.8 % in 2001. Among HMP users, 51.6 %, 82.8 % and 58.6 % of them had low monthly family income (<15 000), low education level (secondary education or below) and were unemployed respectively. In comparison to WPP, pregnant women used smaller number of HMP (1.4 vs 3.0, P<0.01) at a later gestation (4.8 weeks vs 3.1 weeks, P <0.01) and within a shorter duration (11.1 d vs 47.9 d, P<0.01). The prevalence of congenital fetal abnormalities in the group of women who took HMP (3.3 %) was not sig

关键词： herbal medicine pregnancy teratogenicity

A New Guiding Framework for Engaging Diverse Populations in Disaster Risk Reduction: Reach, Relevance, Receptiveness,and Relationships

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 507-518页

作者： Jay Marlowe ANDreas Neef Cedric Tevaga Cedric Tevaga counselling Human Services and Social WorkUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1023New Zealand Development Studies School of Social SciencesUniversity of AucklandAuckland 1023New Zealand The Southern Initiative Auckland CouncilAuckland 1010New Zealand

In urban environments characterized by rich diversity across language, migration status, demographic profiles, and usage of different forms of media, there can be significant challenges to ensuring that particular disaster risk reduction(DRR) communications reach those potentially affected. This article presents a study with 20 Pacific Island community leaders and connectors about their communities' perspectives and anticipated responses to natural hazards in Auckland, New Zealand. Home to the largest population of Pacific people in the world, Auckland provides the basis for understanding the complexities of delivering disaster information across numerous community groups. The rich cultural and linguistic backgrounds of multiple Pacific communities living in this city highlight the need to consider the complexities of disaster messaging related to natural hazards. In particular, the article forwards the importance of incorporating the guiding concepts of reach, relevance, receptiveness, and relationships into a DRR approach with culturally and linguistically diverse groups. These concepts are presented as an embedded guiding framework that can helpfully inform disaster communication.

关键词： Auckland Community resilience Disaster communication Disaster risk reduction New Zealand Pacific Island groups Social capital

Determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh: An analysis of national survey data

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第2期11卷 62-69页

作者： Md.Rahman Mahfuzur Md.Rashed Alam Md Arif Billah Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development University of RajshahiRajshahi 6205Bangladesh Department of Social Work and counselling Faculty of BusinessEconomic and Social DevelopmentUniversiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia

Objective:To examine the determinants of emergency contraceptive pill use in ***:Data for this cross-sectional study came from 2017-2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health *** of 906 reproductive age women who were potential candidates for using emergency contraceptive pill were analysed in this *** were analysed using univariate and multivariate *** binary logistic regression was employed as multivariate ***:Only 10.9%candidates were found to ever use emergency contraceptive *** odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women visited by family planning field worker was significantly higher than that for those who were not visited by family planning field worker[odds ratio(OR)1.94;95%confidence interval(CI)1.19–3.17;P=0.008],while the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill for women with high socioeconomic status was higher than that for those with low socioeconomic status(OR 3.10;95%CI 1.61–5.97;P=0.001).Additionally,having some media access was linked to an increase in the odds of using emergency contraceptive pill(OR 3.01;95%CI 1.33–6.83;P=0.008).Women empowerment related factors did not show any significant effect on emergency contraceptive pill ***:The findings indicate that family planning programme has a great opportunity of playing an important role in increasing emergency contraceptive pill use in Bangladesh by increasing the knowledge and awareness of women about emergency contraceptive pill.

关键词： Emergency contraceptive pill Unintended pregnancy Abortion Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey Bangladesh

Research on social support of Chinese older adults

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Research on social support of Chinese older adults

第十届全国心理学学术大会

作者： Eleanor O’Leary Lena O’Rouke counselling and Health Studies Unit Department of Applied Psychology University College Cork Ireland.

The study examines the status of social support of older adults in a community sample of 140 Chinese older people aged sixty years and over in Ningbo, China. The social interaction and getting helps in daily life for older adults were also explored. The results showed that: 1) social networks have significant effects on social support of older adults. (a) marital status has significant effects on all aspects of social support. (b) the number of living children has significant effect on social support providing for older adults. (c) the number of living sisters has significant effect on tangible support of older adults. 2) demographical factors have different influences on social support of older adults: (a) there are significant effects of living areas on all aspects of social support. (b) residence condition has significant effects on social support of older adults, especially on total social support, on tangible support, and on affectionate support. (c) employment status has significant effects on all aspects of social support except on affectionate support. 3) It was also found that social interaction and getting help in daily life have significant effects on social support of older adults.

关键词： Social support Older adults Chinese

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我国老年人的社会支持与服务

心理科学 2005年第6期28卷 1497-1499,1496页

作者：严建雯陈传锋 Mike Murphy 宁波大学心理学研究所宁波315211 counselling and Health Studies Units National University of Ireland

鉴于我国老龄化现状,简要地回顾了社会支持的定义与种类,考察了我国传统的孝顺价值观和行为;并着重分析了我国老年人的社会支持与服务,包括老年人的社会支持与幸福感,老年人的家庭支持与照料,老年组织与公共老年服务;以及我国老年人社... 详细信息

鉴于我国老龄化现状,简要地回顾了社会支持的定义与种类,考察了我国传统的孝顺价值观和行为;并着重分析了我国老年人的社会支持与服务,包括老年人的社会支持与幸福感,老年人的家庭支持与照料,老年组织与公共老年服务;以及我国老年人社会支持的城乡差异。

关键词：老年人社会支持老年服务

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老年人社会支持与期望的调查研究

心理科学 2006年第1期29卷 201-204页

作者：陈传锋严建雯 Eleanor O’Leary 贺豪振宁波大学心理学研究所宁波浙江315211 counselling and Health Studies Units National University of IrelandCork

运用问卷调查法,通过对272名城市老年人的调查,考察了老年人的社会支持与期望的现状及其特点。结果发现:老年人的社会支持系统很不平衡,性别、年龄、受教育年限和职业对老年人的婚姻和家庭生活,人际关系和互助行为,住房情况和经济状况,... 详细信息

运用问卷调查法,通过对272名城市老年人的调查,考察了老年人的社会支持与期望的现状及其特点。结果发现:老年人的社会支持系统很不平衡,性别、年龄、受教育年限和职业对老年人的婚姻和家庭生活,人际关系和互助行为,住房情况和经济状况,以及心理需要和社会期望等具有不同的影响;相当比例的老年人在不同侧面尚需要家人和社会的关注、理解和支持。

关键词：老年人社会支持期望

Survey of Relationship between Personality Traits with Mental Health and Academic Staffs’ Job Satisfaction in the University of Guilan, Iran

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Health 2016年第11期8卷 1120-1127页

作者： Abbas Sadeghi Mahboubeh Hosein Zadeh Gholam Hossein Niayfar Setareh Azizi Department of counselling University of Guilan Rasht Iran Department of Professional Health Rasht Iran Department of General Psychology Rasht Iran Department of Clinical Psychology Rasht Iran

The main aim of the research is survey of relationship between personality characteristics with academic staffs’ job satisfaction and mental health in the University of Guilan. The statistic population was all these academic staffs in the year of 2014 (500). 196 individuals have selected by Kerjecy & Morgan (1970) and random sampling method. The research instruments were personality characteristics (NEO), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and self-made questionnaires. Pearson’s Correlation, Multiple Regression and Multiple Variant (Manova) have used for analyzing data. Results showed that there was a relationship among neurotic and settlement’s personality characteristics with job satisfaction and neurotic, openness, extroversion personality characteristics and settlement with mental health. Some of personality characteristics had been anticipators of mental health and job satisfaction and personality characteristics with mental health and job satisfaction had differenced depend on sociologic variances relationships.

关键词： Job Satisfaction Mental Health Personality Characteristics Academic Staff