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Journal of cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： BUSNOOR Abhishek V. WADASKAR R.M. FAND Babasaheb B. TAMBE V.J. PILLAI T. MAHULE D.J. NAGRARE V.S. PRASAD Y.G. Entomology section College of Agriculture(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth)Nagpur 440001MaharashtraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for cotton Research Nagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia

Background The cryptic nature of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)larvae enables its reduced vul-nerability to insecticidal control.Further,the development of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxins posed a serious threat to transgenic cotton cultivation.This necessitated determining the critical timing of spray applications on the control effectiveness.This study assessed the influence of egg age(freshly laid vs.three-day-old)and the loca-tion of larvae(directly exposed to the insecticide residues on the boll rind vs.burrowed inside the bolls)on insecticide control efficacy.Results The results revealed a significant decrease in the ovicidal activity of tested insecticides with an increase in the age of eggs from one day old to three days old(paired t-test,P80%mortality)than the larvae exposed after they had bur-rowed inside the bolls(cotton were relatively less susceptible to the insecticide treatments.The toxic effects of insecticides on egg and larval stages were primar-ily ephemeral.These findings are significant for devising a comprehensive strategy for pink bollworm management on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Bioefficacy cotton Insecticides Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Timings of spray

Mineralogy and geochemistry of trachytic rocks from the Lichi Volcanics, Eastern Himalaya: insights into the Kerguelen mantle plume activity in the Eastern Himalayan Region

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 180-197页

作者： Pallabi Basumatary Deepshikha Borah Hiredya Chauhan Tribujjal Prakash Bibhuti Gogoi Department of Geology Cotton UniversityGuwahatiAssam 781001India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunUttarakhand 248001India

The Lichi volcanics are a suite of mafic-intermediate-felsic rocks and are considered coeval with the Abor volcanics(~132 Ma) of the Siang window in the Eastern Himalaya. Here, we present the first report of trachytic rocks from the Lichi volcanics, which are exposed in the Ranga valley, along the Kimin-Yazali road section in the Eastern Himalayan Region, Northeast India. The trachytes occur in close association with sandstones of the Gondwana Group of rocks and are characterised based on field, petrographical, and geochemical investigations.These fine-grained trachytes are composed of alkali feldspar, biotite, plagioclase, sodic-amphibole, apatite, illmenite, and titanite. The REE profiles of the evolved trachytic rocks(higher SiO_(2)content) display fractionated trends. The fractionation of accessory mineral phases, like apatite and titanite, was possibly responsible for the strongly fractionated REE patterns of the evolved samples.The trachytic rocks demonstrate high apatite saturation temperatures of 988 ± 14 ℃(1σ, n = 8). The Aluminium Saturation Index(< 1.1) and binary discrimination diagrams of these peralkaline trachytes define their affinity with A-type granitoids. Elemental ratios like Y/Nb, Nb/U,and Ce/Pb signify that the Lichi trachytes are differentiated products of mantle-derived ocean island basalts. Trace elemental discrimination diagrams Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb, Y versus Nb, and Y + Nb versus Rb reflect a within-plate tectonic regime for the trachytes. From the results presented in this work, we infer that the development of rifting events during the breakup of eastern Gondwana due to the onset of Kerguelen plume activity further led to underplating of basic magma in lower crustal levels. These parental basaltic magmas underwent fractionation processes forming differentiated trachyandesites and trachytes.Taking into consideration the similarities recorded between the Lichi volcanics and Abor volcanics, this study supports the idea that Kerguelen plume activities resulted in the emplacement of these vo

关键词： Peralkaline trachytes Trachyandesites A-type granitoids Apatite saturation temperature Abor volcanics Eastern Gondwana

A review: The beneficial effects and possible mechanisms of aluminum on plant growth in acidic soil

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第7期18卷 1518-1528页

作者： Noor Muhammad Gerald Zvobgo ZHANG Guo-ping Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Physiology/Chemistry section Central Cotton Research InstituteMultan 60500Pakistan

Aluminum(Al) is the third most abundant element in the earth’s crust and a major factor inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield in acidic soil.Although there is substantial research on the phytotoxic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Al by applying Al alone hydroponically,soil is a complex medium containing numerous mineral elements that can interact with Al and other elements and their bioavailability in plants.In this review,we describe the roles of Al in promoting plant growth,enhancing phosphorus availability and efficient use in plants,and alleviating H+,iron,and manganese toxicity in acidic conditions.Furthermore,we discuss the possible mechanisms of enhanced abiotic stress tolerance induced by Al.We also elucidate the role of Al in attracting plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria(PGPR) and their interactions with plants by increasing organic exudates.

关键词： aluminum interaction iron manganese organic acids phosphorous tolerance

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基于分子标记的野生棉遗传关系研究(英文)

棉花学报 2004年第6期16卷 360-367页

作者： AMUDHA J Balasubramani G Biotechnology section Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagar Nagpur 440010India Biotechnology Section Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagar Nagpur 440010India

利用RAPD技术研究了野生棉种间遗传关系。采用45条随机引物获得758个条带,根据UP GMA聚类分析将16个野生棉种分为5组。第1组包括B组染色体的4个棉种,其中异形棉(G.anomalum)与三叶棉(G.triphyllum)相似系数高达0.96。第2组包括瑟伯氏棉(... 详细信息

利用RAPD技术研究了野生棉种间遗传关系。采用45条随机引物获得758个条带,根据UP GMA聚类分析将16个野生棉种分为5组。第1组包括B组染色体的4个棉种,其中异形棉(G.anomalum)与三叶棉(G.triphyllum)相似系数高达0.96。第2组包括瑟伯氏棉(G.thurberi)等7种,长萼棉(G.longicalyx)、比克氏棉(G.bickii)分别单独构成第4,5组,斯特提棉(G.sturtianum)、澳洲棉(G.australe)和细毛棉(G.pilosum)组成第3组。

关键词：分子标记野生棉 RAPD 种间遗传

Growth, yield and fiber quality characteristics of Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars in response to boron nutrition

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Journal of cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： MEHRAN Muhammad ASHRAF Muhammad SHAHZAD Sher Muhammad SHAKIR Muhammad Siddique AZHAR Muhammad Tehseen AHMAD Fiaz ALVI Alamgir Department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan Pesticide Residue Laboratory Kala Sha KakuPakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Physiological/Chemistry section Central Cotton Research InstituteMultanPakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory JhelumPakistan School of Agricultural Science Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China

Background Boron(B)deficiency is an important factor for poor seed cotton yield and fiber quality.However,it is often missing in the plant nutrition program,particularly in developing countries.The current study investigated B’s effect on growth,yield,and fiber quality of Bt(CIM-663)and non-Bt(Cyto-124)cotton cultivars.The experimental plan consisted of twelve treatments:Control(CK);B at 1 mg·kg^(−1) soil application(SB1);2 mg·kg^(−1) B(SB2);3 mg·kg^(−1) B(SB3);0.2%B foliar spray(FB1);0.4%B foliar spray(FB2);1 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB1+FB1);1 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB1+FB2);2 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB2+FB1);2 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB2+FB2);3 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB3+FB1);3 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB3+FB2).Each treat-ment has three replications,one pot having two plants per replication.Results B nutrition at all levels and methods of application significantly(P≤0.05)affected the growth,physiological,yield,and fiber quality characteristics of both cotton cultivars.However,SB2 either alone or in combination with foliar spray showed superiority over others,particularly in the non-Bt cultivar which responded better to B nutrition.Maxi-mum improvement in monopodial branches(345%),sympodial branches(143%),chlorophyll-a(177%),chlorophyll-b(194%),photosynthesis(169%),and ginning out turn(579%)in the non-Bt cultivar was found with SB2 compared with CK.In Bt cultivar,although no consistent trend was found but integrated use of SB3 with foliar spray performed relatively better for improving cotton growth compared with other treatments.Fiber quality characteristics in both cultivars were improved markedly but variably with different B treatments.Conclusion B nutrition with SB2 either alone or in combination with foliar spray was found optimum for improving cotton’s growth and yield characteristics.

关键词： Boron cotton Fiber length Fiber strength GOT Micronaire value Seed cotton yield

Multipartite symbioses in fungus-growing termites (Blattodea: Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) for the degradation of lignocellulose

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Insect Science 2021年第6期28卷 1512-1529页

作者： Farhan Ahmad Gui-Ying Yang Shi-You Liang Qi-Huan Zhou Hassan Ahmed Gaal Jian-Chu Mo Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agricultural and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Entomology section Central Cotton Research InstituteSakrandShaheed BenazirabadSindhPakistan Department of Entomology Faculty of Veterinary and Animal HusbandrySomali National UniversityMogadishuSomalia

Fungus-growing termites are among the most successful herbivorous animals and improve crop productivity and soil fertility.A range of symbiotic organisms can be found inside their nests.However,interactions of termites with these symbionts are poorly understood.This review provides detailed information on the role of multipartite symbioses(between termitophiles,termites,fungi,and bacteria)in fungus-growing termites for lignocellulose degradation.The specific functions of each component in the symbiotic system are also discussed.Based on previous studies,we argue that the enzymatic contribution from the host,fungus,and bacteria greatly facilitates the decomposition of complex polysaccharide plant materials.The host-termitophile interaction protects the termite nest from natural enemies and maintains the stability of the microenvironment inside the colony.

关键词： bacteria enzyme activity lignocellulose degradation Macrotermitinae symbiosis Termitomyces

Line X Tester Analysis of Estimating Heterosis and Combining Ability in F_1 Generation of Sunflower

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Asian Agricultural Research 2017年第8期9卷 70-74页

作者： Ameer Hussain Jarwar Xiaoyan WANG Long WANG Qifeng MA Shuli FAN State Key Laboratory of cotton Biology Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS Oil Seeds section Agriculture Research Institute College of Biology and Food Engineering Anyang Institute of Technology

The present research was conducted in Line X tester analysis for estimating combining ability and heterotic effects,restorers malesterile(CMS) crossed with seven tester lines 3x7 21 F_1 hybrids of sunflower were further used to estimate their general combining ability(GCS),specific combining ability(SCA) and heterosis effects on main traits of sunflower during 2009.For this study,seven lines of sunflower were tested with three testers 7x3 of sunflower to obtain twenty one F_1 genotypes from Line X tester mating design.It was concluded from present study that among the lines,0505 Cms-6,Peshawer-93 Cms-11,Peshawar-93 Cms-12 were the best general combiners to play the vital role in flowering,maturity,plant height,head diameter,seed index,grain per head and 100-grain yield per plant.While RHP-53,RHP-42,RHP-46 were also the best combiners for all the traits.However,hybrid 54CMS-1 x RHP-42 showed best specific combiners,while Peshawer-93 exhibited good specific combiners for grain yield per plant,the hybrids,plant height,head diameter,seed index,grain per head and grain yield per plant,respectively.Significant differences among the tested sunflower genotypes with regard to mean values of all the investigated traits were determined.The analysis of variance of combining abilities and the analysis of genetic variance components confirmed the non-additive component.

关键词： Line X tester Heterosis Combining ability Sunflower

Economic Assessment of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) through Intercropping

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2014年第3期3卷 24-28页

作者： Abdul Rehman Rafi Qamar Jamshaid Qamar Agronomy section Central Cotton Research Institute Sakrand Sindh Pakistan Department of Agronomy University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan

Sugarcane has pronounced importance to provide sugar for more than half of the global population. World population is enhancing day-by-day and production land is in the worst situation. The cultivated land is diminishing rapidly due to urbanization, road construction, and land deterioration. This crisis demands alternate research to raise crop productivity and maximize the economic returns per unit land for feeding the gigantic population. Sugarcane is a long duration crop and gave late net economic return. Intercropping in sugarcane received much attention and need to properly manage for getting higher net return from same unit area. It is becoming popular among farming community due to resourcefully utilization of land. Intercropping has the potential to inspire the farmers to get maximum economic return per acre per annum. For intercropping, wheat, gram, soybean, and potato were used as an intercrop in September-sown sugarcane. Triple row strip planting geometry of sugarcane with four intercropped (SC + Wheat, SC + Gram, SC + Soybean, and SC + Potato) and check with sole SC was used. Sugarcane was planted during September 2011- 12 and 2012-13 at research area University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan. Randomized complete block design with three replications were used. Results showed that number of millable cane, cane diameter;unstripped and stripped cane yield and crop growth rate was significantly higher in sole sugarcane when compared with different intercrop in 2011-12 while trend was same in 2012-13. Cane diameter and un-stripped cane yield were statistically at par of intercrops SC + Soybean and SC + Potato while stripped cane yield of Sole SC and SC + Potato was statistically at par in 2012-13. In both the year of study, intercrops gave higher land equivalent ratio and net return over sole sugarcane planted while sole sugarcane gave maximum benefit cost ratio compared with other intercrops.

关键词： World Population Stress Sugarcane Intercropping Economic Return Benefit Cost Ratio

Impact Analysis of Genetically Modified (Bt) cotton Genotypes on Economically Important Natural Enemies under Field Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2016年第2期4卷 61-74页

作者： Dalip Kumar Surender Singh Yadav Vivek Kumar Saini Krishan Kumar Dahiya Department of Entomology College of Agriculture CCS HAU Hisar India Government College Hisar India cotton section Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics CCS HAU Hisar India

Field studies were conducted at Hisar during Kharif, 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 under natural and unsprayed condition. RCH 134 Bt, HS 6 (non Bt), H 1117 and Ganganagar Ageti (non Bt) were selected for the studies. The experiment was laid down in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice having plant spacing 67.5 × 60 cm. Among the bollworms, Erias spp. exhibited positive correlation with rainfall, minimum temperature and relative humidity morning hours significantly at 5 percent level whereas Helicoverpa and Pectinophora displayed positive relations only with evening hours relative humidity significantly while Spodoptera were significantly positive correlated with relative humidity of morning and evening hours. Bollworm complex was negatively correlated with all the weather parameters employed to study although being non-significant in case of rainfall, maximum and minimum of temperature, morning and evening hours of relative humidity. Among the sucking pests, leafhoppers, whitefly, thrips and aphids population showed significantly negative correlation with weather parameters. The comparison of natural bio-agents in cotton hybrids under study revealed that overall mean population of natural enemies were higher in Bt cotton hybrid as compared to non-Bt. These results confirm that use of genetically modified (Bt) cotton in lieu of conventional genotypes could positively impact non-target and beneficial insect species by preserving their host populations.

关键词： Bt cotton Natural Enemies Sucking Pests Bollworm Complex Population Dynamics Correlation Co-Efficient Abiotic Factors

Termites and Chinese agricultural system: applications and advances in integrated termite management and chemical control

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 2-20页

作者： Farhan Ahmad Hatem Fouad Shi-You Liang Yin Hu Jian-Chu Mo Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agricultural and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Entomology section Central Cotton Research InstituteSakrandShaheed BenazirabadSindhPakistan Department of Field Crop Pests Plant Protection Research InstituteAgricultural Research CentreCairoEgypt National Termite Control Center HangzhouChina Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects Institute of Insect SciencesCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityYuhangtang Road 866Hangzhou 310058China

Termites are eusocial arthropod decomposers,and improve soil fertility,crop yield,and also are used by humans for their ben efits across the world.However,some species of termites are becoming a threat to the farming community as they are directly and indirectly causing major losses to the agricultural system.It is estimated that termites cost the global economy more than 40 billion USD annually,and considerable research has been done on their management.In this review,we present the available information related to sustainable and integrated termite management practices(ITM).Furthermore,we insist that the better management of this menace can be possible through:(i)improving traditional methods to keep termites away from crops;(ii)improving agricultural practices to maintain plants with more vigor and less susceptible to termite attack;and(iii)integration of available techniques to reduce termite infestation in crops and surroundings.The application of an effective combination of traditional practices with recently developed approaches is the best option for agricultural growers.Moreover,keeping in mind the beneficial nature of this pest,more innovative efforts for its management,particularly using rapidly emerging technology(e.g.,RNA interference),are needed.

关键词： entomopathogens geographical distribution integrated termite management termite