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Mechanism of carbonate cementation and its influence on reservoir in Pinghu Formation of Xihu Sag

Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第3期42卷 65-75页

作者： Haiqiang Bai Xiaojun Xie Gongcheng Zhang Ying Chen Ziyu Liu Lianqiao Xiong Jianrong Hao Xin Li China National Offshore oil co.poration(CNOOC)Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

Carbonate cements are the most abundant authigenic mineral and impact on physical properties greatly in sandstone *** this paper,Pinghu Formation of Xihu Sag was taken as a ***,distribution and formation of carbonate cements were investigated via optical microsco.y,cathodoluminescence(CL),electron probe and in-situ carbon-oxygen *** results showed that carbonate cements varied in types and ***/dolomite mainly present as poikilotopic cements,while ferrocalcite/ferrodolomite/ankerite generally present as pore-filling *** isotope(δ^(13)C)values of carbonate cements were ranging from–7.77‰to–2.67‰,with an average of–4.52‰,while oxygen isotope(δ^(18)O)values were ranging from–18.94‰to–12.04‰,with an average of–14.86‰.Theδ^(13)C/δ^(18)O indicated that the paleo-fluid of carbonate cement was mainly *** carbon mainly came from organic matter within mature source rocks,and inorganic carbon came from dissolution of carbonate debris and early carbonate ***δ^(13)C/δ^(18)O values manifest that carbonate cements with different types formed in different periods,which make different co.tributions to the reservoir ***/dolomite formed during eodiagenesis(70–90℃)and early mesodiagenesis stage(90–120℃),and were favorable to reservoir owing to their co.pacted resistance and selective ***/ferrodolomite/ankerite formed during middle-late mesodiagenetic stage(above 120℃),and were unfavorable to reservoir due to cementing the residual intergranular ***,in order to evaluate the reservoir characteristics,it is of significantly important to distinguish different types of carbonate cements and explore their origins.

关键词： carbonate cements genesis mechanism Xihu Sag Pinghu Formation

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Dual-porosity model of rate transient analysis for horizontal well in tight gas reservoirs with co.sideration of threshold pressure gradient

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第5期30卷 872-881页

作者： Li-na Cao Xiao-ping Li Ji-qiang Zhang Cheng Luo Xiao-hua Tan China ZhenHua oil co. ltd. Beijing 100031 China State Key Laboratory of oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China CNOOC Zhanjiang co. ltd. Zhanjiang 524057 China Geological Exploration and Development Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering ltd. Chengdu 610056 China

Most researches of the threshold pressure gradient in tight gas reservoirs are experimental and mainly focus on the transient pressure response, without paying much attention to the transient rate decline. This paper establishes a dual-porosity rate transient decline model for the horizontal well with co.sideration of the threshold pressure gradient, which represents the non-Darcy flow in a fracture system. The solution is obtained by employing the Laplace transform and the orthogonal transform. The bi-logarithmic type curves of the dimensionless production rate and derivative are plotted by the Stehfest numerical inversion method. Seven different flow regimes are identified and the effects of the influence factors such as the threshold pressure gradient, the elastic storativity ratio, and the cross flow co.fficient are discussed. The presented research co.ld interpret the production behavior more accurately and effectively for tight gas reservoirs.

关键词： Rate transient analysis horizontal well dual-porosity threshold pressure gradient tight gas reservoirs

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Formation and distribution of co.l measure source rocks in the Eocene Pinghu Formation in the Pinghu Slope of the Xihu Depression,East China Sea Shelf Basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第3期42卷 254-269页

作者： Yongcai Yang Xiaojun Xie Youchuan Li Gang Guo Xiaoying Xi Wenjing Ding China National Offshore oil co.poration(CNOOC)Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

The Xihu Depression in the East China Sea Shelf Basin is a large petroliferous sedimentary depression,in which oil and gas reservoirs were mainly disco.ered in the Pinghu Slope and the central inversion *** oil-gas source co.relation in the Xihu Depression was analyzed by hydrocarbon generating thermal simulation data via gold-tube pyrolysis *** results indicated that the oil and gas in the Xihu Depression were mainly derived from co.l measure source rocks of the Eocene Pinghu ***,the identification of co.l seams is extremely crucial for evaluating co.l measure source rocks in the Pinghu Formation in the Xihu *** and petrological characterization pointed to input of terrigenous organic matter and redox co.ditions of the depositional environment as factors that govern the ability of the co.l measure source rocks in hydrocarbon generation in the Xihu *** this regard,the sedimentary organic facies in the Pinghu Formation were classified into four predominantly terrigenous and one mixed-source subfacies,which all varied in carbon and hydrogen *** co.l measure source rocks in the carbon-and hydrogen-rich tidal flat-lagoon exhibited the highest hydrocarbon generation potential,whereas the mudstone in the neritic facies was the poorest in its hydrocarbon *** results suggested that the co.l measure source rocks in the Pinghu Formation likely developed in the Hangzhou Slope and the Tiantai Slope,both representing promising sources for oil and gas exploration.

关键词： co.l measure source rocks natural gas lagoon sedimentary organic facies terrigenous organic matter

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Impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks:A case study of the Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第3期42卷 243-253页

作者： Wei Li Yufei Gao Youchuan Li China National Offshore oil co.poration(CNOOC)Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

The disco.ery of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field,the largest integrated co.densate gas field in the eastern China in 2018,opened up a new field for the natural gas exploration deep strata in the Bohai Bay Basin,demonstrating there is a great potential for natural gas exploration in oil-type *** ethane isotope of the Bozhong 19-6 co.densate gas is heavy,showing the characteristics of partial humic *** this paper,aimed at the source rocks of the Bozhong 19-6 gas field in the Bohai Bay Basin,the characteristics of the source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt were clarified and the reason are explained from impact of microorganism degradation on hydrocarbon generation of source rocks why the co.densate oil and gas had heavy carbon isotope and why it showed partial humic characteristics was explored based on the research of parent *** following co.clusions were obtained:The paleontology of the Bozhong 19-6 structural belt and its surrounding sub-sags is dominated by higher plants,such as angiosperm and *** the formation of source rocks,under the intensive transformation of microorganism,the original sedimentary organic matter such as higher plants was degraded and transformed by ***,the transformation of anaerobic microorganisms on source rocks causes the degradation and defunctionalization of a large number of humic products such as higher plants and the increase of hydrogen *** degradation and transformation of microorganism don't transform the terrestrial humic organic matter into newly formed“sapropel”hydrocarbons,the source rocks are mixed partial humic source *** a result,hydrogen co.tent incrased and the quality of source rocks was improved,forming the partial humic source rocks dominated by humic amorphous *** partial humic source rocks are the main source rocks in the Bozhong 19-6 gas field,and it is also the internal reason why the isotope of natural gas is heavy.

关键词： Bozhong Sag natural gas types of source rocks Microorganism degradation hydrocarbon generation of source rocks

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The gradual subduction-co.lision evolution model of Proto-South China Sea and its co.trol on oil and gas

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第3期42卷 123-137页

作者： Xiaojun Xie Wu Tang Gongcheng Zhang Zhigang Zhao Shuang Song Shixiang Liu Yibo Wang Jia Guo China National Offshore oil co.poration(CNOOC)Research Institute co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China

This study involved outcrop,drilling,seismic,gravity,and magnetic data to systematically document the geological reco.ds of the subduction process of Proto-South China Sea(PSCS)and establish its evolution *** results indicate that a series of arc-shaped ophiolite belts and calcalkaline magmatic rocks are developed in northern Borneo,both of which have the characteristics of gradually changing younger from west to east,and are direct signs of subduction and co.lision of *** the same time,the subduction of PSCS led to the formation of three accretion zones from the south to the north in Borneo,the Kuching belt,Sibu belt,and Miri *** sedimentary formation of northern Borneo is characterized by a three-layer structure,with the oceanic basement at the bottom,overlying the deep-sea flysch deposits of the Rajang–Crocker group,and the molasse sedimentary sequence that is dominated by river-delta and shallow marine facies at the top,reco.ding the whole subduction–co.lision–orogeny process of ***,seismic reflection and tomography also co.firmed the subduction and co.lision of *** on the geological reco.ds of the subduction and co.lision of PSCS,co.bined with the co.prehensive analysis of segmented expansion and key tectonic events in the South China Sea,we establish the“gradual”subduction-co.lision evolution model of *** the late Eocene to middle Miocene,the Zengmu,Nansha,and Liyue–Palawan blocks were separated by West Baram Line and Balabac Fault,which co.lided with the Borneo block and Kagayan Ridge successively from the west to the east,forming several foreland basin systems,and PSCS subducted and closed from the west to the *** subduction and extinction of PSCS co.trolled the oil and gas distribution pattern of southern South China Sea(SSCS)mainly in three ***,the“gradual”closure process of PSCS led to the co.tinuous development of many large deltas in ***,the deltas formed during the subduction–co.lision of PS

关键词： Proto-South China Sea gradual subduction-co.lision evolution model oil and gas distribution southern South China Sea Borneo

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Origin of hydrocarbon fluids and discussion of abnormal carbon isotopic co.positions in the Lishui-Jiaojiang Sag,East China Sea Shelf Basin

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第3期42卷 76-88页

作者： Jingqi Xu Shanghai Branch of China National Offshore oil co.poration(CNOOC)co. Ltd.Shanghai 200335China

The hydrocarbon gases in the L1 gas field of the Lishui-Jiaojiang Sag have been co.monly interpreted to be an accumulation of pure sapropelic-type thermogenic *** this study,chemical co.ponents,stable isotopic co.positions,and light hydrocarbons were utilized to shed light on the origins of the hydrocarbon fluids in the L1gas *** hydrocarbon fluids in the L1 gas pool are proposed to be a mixture of three unique co.ponents:mid-maturity oil from the middle Paleocene co.stal marine Lingfeng source rock,oil-associated(late oil window)gas generated from the lower Paleocene lacustrine Yueguifeng source rock,and primary microbial gas from the paralic deposits of the upper Paleocene Mingyuefeng source ***,for the first time,the hydrocarbon gases in the L1 gas pool are diagnosed as mixed oil-associated sapropelic-type gas and microbial gas via four pieces of principal evidence:(1)The abnormal carbon isotopic distributions of all methane homologues from C_(1)(CH_(4)or methane)to C_(5)(C_(5)H_(12)or pentane)shown in the Chung plot;(2)the diagnostic~(13)C-depleted C_(1)co.pared with the thermogenic sapropelic-type gas model,whileδ^(13)C_(2)(C_(2)H_(6)or ethane)andδ^(13)C_(3)(C_(3)H_(8)or propane)both fit perfectly;(3)the excellent agreement of the calculated carbon isotopic co.positions of the pure thermogenic gas with the results of the thermal simulated gas from the type-II1 kerogen-rich Yueguifeng source rock;and(4)the oil-associated gas inferred from various binary genetic diagrams with an abnormally elevated gas oil ***,the natural gases of the L1 gas pool were quantified in this study to co.prise approximately 13%microbial gas,nearly 48%oil-associated sapropelic-type gas,and 39%of nonhydrocarbon *** microbial gas is interpreted to have been co.eposited and entrained in the humic-kerogen-rich Mingyuefeng Formation under favorable lowtemperature co.ditions during the late Paleocene-middle *** microbial gas subsequently leaked into the stru

关键词： origin of hydrocarbons carbon isotope hydrogen isotope light hydrocarbon East China Sea Shelf Basin Lishui-Jiaojiang Sag

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Synthesis and kinetics investigation of meso-microporous Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第10期28卷 45-58页

作者： Jixing Liu Fuhong Yu Jian Liu Lifeng Cui Zhen Zhao Yuechang Wei Qianyao Sun State Key Laboratory of Heavy oil Processing and Beijing Key Lab of oil & Gas Pollution co.trol China University of Petroleum Shandong Hengsheng Chemical co. Ltd.

A series of meso-microporous Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts were successfully synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal crystallization method, and these catalysts exhibited excellent NH3-SCR performance at low temperature. Their structure and physic chemical properties were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction patterns （XRD）, Scanning electron microsco.y （SEM）, Transmission electron microsco.y （TEM）, N2 sorption-desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, Inductively co.pled Plasma-Atomic Emission spectrometer （ICP-AES）, X-ray absorption spectrosco.y （XPS）, Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia （NH3-TPD）, Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectrosco.y （UV-Vis DRS） and Temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. The analysis results indicate that the high activities of Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts co.ld be attributed to the enhancement of redox property, the formation of mesopores and the more acid sites. Furthermore, the kinetic results verify that the formation of mesopores remarkably reduces diffusion resistance and then improves the accessibility of reactants to catalytically active sites. The 1.0-Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst exhibited the high NO co.version （〉90%） among the wide activity temperature window in the range of 150- 425℃.

关键词： Cu-SAPO-34 NOx KineticDiffusion resistanceSelective catalytic reduction

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Runout prediction and dynamic characteristic analysis of a potential submarine landslide in Liwan 3-1 gas field

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第7期34卷 116-122页

作者： XIU Zongxiang LIU Lejun XIE Qiuhong LI Jiagang HU Guanghai YANG Jianghui First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration China National Offshore oil co.poration Research Institute Offshore oil Engineering co. ltd.

A large number of submarine landslides with different scales have been identified in the canyon area of the submarine pipeline route of Liwan 3-1 gas field. There is still much chance that submarine slope failures would happen, and the following mass movement would present great risk to the submarine pipeline. In view of this, a numerical prediction method based on Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase flow model is introduced to simulate the mass movement of potential submarine landslides. The sliding soil and ambient water are respectively simulated by Herschel-Bulkley rheology model and Newtonian fluid model. The turbulence is simulated using the k-e model. co.pared with both the experiment data and Bing result, the two-phase flow model shows a good accuracy, and its result is more close to the actual situation; the dynamic co.pling between soil and ambient water can be effectively simulated and the phenomena of hydroplaning and head detachment can be obtained. Finally, the soil movement of a potential submarine landslide is simulated as an example, acco.ding to the seismic profile in the canyon area. The result shows that the hydroplaning occurs during the movement process. The runout distance calculated by the two-phase flow model is 877 m, which is 27.1% larger than the Bing result. However, the peak front velocity of soil is relative small, with a maximum value of 8.32 m/s. The Bing program with a simple and rapid process can be used for a preliminary evaluation, while the two-phase flow model is more appropriate for an accurate assessment.

关键词： submarine landslide Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase flow model Herschel-Bulkley model hydroplaning

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Intelligent Transformation and Upgrading of oil Refining & Petrochemical Industries in China:Investigation & Application

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China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2019年第2期21卷 1-9页

作者： Wu Qing CNOOC oil & Petrochemicals co. Ltd

The oil refining and petrochemical industry in China has made great achievements after decades of development, and its capacity has already ranked seco.d in the world. However, the refining industry is suffering some challenges, such as severe overcapacity at present, and has entered a new eco.omic normal, in which the technological progress develops rapidly, the demand for green and low-carbon development is stricter, the market co.petition is increasingly fiercer and the profit margins are gradually narrowing. In such a situation, informatization and its new technologies are driving the significant reforming of manufacturing patterns, marketing patterns, management and decision-making patterns. Intelligent development is the inevitable choice for the transformation and upgrading of oil refining and petrochemical industry. It is suggested that the intelligent evaluating model and method should be adopted to enterprise’s intelligentializing transformation and upgrading by laying a solid foundation of digital refinery and implemenation of digital upgrading.

关键词： plant oil oil refining and petrochemical enterprise intelligent informatization diagnoses model intelligentializing transformation and upgrading digital refinery intelligent refinery smart refinery

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Batch washing of saturated hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from crude oil co.taminated soils using bio-surfactant

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第3期22卷 895-903页

作者：张文 Beijing Dingshi Environmental Engineering co. Ltd.

Desorption of total saturated fractions(i.e. SAT, defined for this study as the summation of the co.centrations of the saturated hydrocarbon from n-C10 to n-C26) and polycyclic aromatic fractions(i.e. PAH, defined as the summation of the co.centrations of all polycyclic aromatic fractions including the 16 EPA priority PAH) in two types of soils subjected to the changes of p H and salinity and different bio-surfactant co.centrations were investigated. In general, co.pared with the experiments without bio-surfactant addition, adding rhamnolipid to crude oil-water systems at co.centrations above its critical micelle co.centration(CMC) values benefits SAT and PAH desorption. The results indicate that the change of p H co.ld have distinct effects on rhamnolipid performance co.cerning its own micelle structure and soil properties. For loam soil, the adsorption of non-aqueous phase liquid(NAPL) and rhamnolipid would be the principle limiting factors during the NAPL removal procedure. For sand soil, less amount of rhamnolipid is adsorbed onto soil. Thus, with the increase of salinity, the solubilization and desorption of rhamnolipid solution are more significant. In summary, the p H and salt sensitivity of the bio-surfactant will vary acco.ding to the specific structure of the surfactant characteristics and soil properties.

关键词： bio-surfactant salinity desorption total saturated fractions(SAT) polycyclic aromatic fractions(PAH)

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