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Toward a nomenclature consensus for diverse intelligent systems:Call for collaboration

The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 32-34页

作者： Brett J.Kagan Michael Mahlis Anjali Bhat Josh Bongard Victor MCole Phillip Corlett Christopher Gyngell Thomas Hartung Bianca Jupp Michael Levin Tamra Lysaght Nicholas Opie Adeel Razi Lena Smirnova Ian Tennant Peter Thestrup Wade Ge Wang cortical labs BrunswickVIC 3056Australia Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging University College LondonLondon WC1N 3ARUK University of Vermont BurlingtonVT 05405USA Centre for Professional Communication Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Department of Psychiatry Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA Murdoch Children’s Research Institute ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Centre for Alternatives to Animal Testing(CAAT) Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityDoerenkamp-Zbinden Chair for Evidence-based ToxicologyBaltimoreMD 21205USA CAAT-Europe University of Kostanz78464 KostanzGermany Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityPrahranVIC 3004Australia Allen Discovery Centre at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155USA Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney School of Public Health The University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing(CAAT) Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA Faculty of Engineering AgriTech and EnvironmentAnglia Ruskin UniversityPeterborough PE15BWUK Interacting Minds Centre Aarhus University8000 Aarhus CDenmark Department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringBiomedical Imaging CenterCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

Disagreements about language use are common both between and within *** interests require multidisciplinary collaboration or the field of research has the potential to impact society at large,it becomes critical to minimize these disagreements where *** development of diverse intelligent systems,regardless of the substrate(e.g.,silicon ***),is a case where both conditions are *** advancements have occurred in the development of technology progressing toward these diverse intelligence *** progress is silicon based,such as the use of large language models,or through synthetic biology methods,such as the development of organoids,a clear need for a community-based approach to seeking consensus on nomenclature is now ***,we welcome collaboration from the wider scientific community,proposing a pathway forward to achieving this intention,highlighting key terms and fields of relevance,and suggesting potential consensus-making methods to be applied.

关键词： seeking collaboration diverse

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Long-term changes in mandibular bone microchemical quality after radiation therapy and underlying systemic malignancy:A pilot study

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第6期4卷 90-101页

作者： A.Palander H.Dekker M.Hyvärinen L.Rieppo I.Lyijynen E.A.J.M.Schulten C.M.Ten Bruggenkate A.Koistinen A.Kullaa M.J.Turunen Institute of Dentistry University of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology Amsterdam University Medical Centers and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 11171081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology University of Oulu P.O.Box 5000 FI-90014 University of OuluFinland SIB labs University of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Educational Dental Clinic Kuopio University Hospital P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland Department of Applied Physics University of Eastern Finland P.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland

Radiation therapy(RT)is a treatment option for head and neck cancer(HNC),but 2%of RT patients may experience damage to the jawbone,resulting in osteoradionecrosis(ORN).The ORN can manifest years after RT *** in the local microchemical bone quality prior to the clinical manifestation of ORN could play a key role in ORN *** bone quality can be analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),that is applied to examine the effects of cancer,chemotherapy,and RT on the quality of human man-dibular *** mandibular bone samples were harvested from dental implant beds of 23 individuals,i.e.,patients with surgically and radiotherapeutically treated HNC(RT-HNC,n=7),surgically and radiochemotherapeutically treated HNC(CH-RT-HNC,n=3),only surgically treated HNC(SRG-HNC,n=4),and healthy controls(n=9).Infrared spectra were acquired from two representative regions of interest in cortical mandibular *** parameters,i.e.,mineral-to-matrix ratio(MM),carbonate-to-matrix ratio(CM),carbonate-to-phosphate ratio(CP),collagen maturity(cross-linking),crystallinity,acid phosphate substitu-tion(APS),and advanced glycation end products(AGEs),were analyzed for each *** I region of the CH-RT-HNC group differed from the control group in cluster analysis(p=0.02).Apart from a minor variation trend in collagen maturity(p=0.07),there were no other signif-icant differences between the ***,the effect of radiochemotherapy on mandibular bone composition should be further *** future trials,this study design is potential when the effects of the cancer burden and different HNC treatment modalities on jawbone composition are studied,in order to reveal ORN pathogenesis.

关键词： Mandibular bone radiation therapy Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

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