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The influence of physiobiomechanical parameters,technical aspects of shooting,and psychophysiological factors on biathlon performance:A review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第4期7卷 394-404页

作者： marko S.laaksonen Thomas Finkenzeller Hans-Christer Holmberg Gerold Sattlecker Department of Health Sciences Swedish Winter Sports Research CentreMid Sweden UniversityOstersund 83125Sweden Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology Paris Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburg 5020Austria School of Sport Sciences UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromso 9019Norway corresponding author.e-mail address：marko.laaksonen@miun.se

The biathlon, an Olympic sporting discipline that combines cross-country skiing with rifle marksmanship, entails considerable physiological demands, as well as fine motor control while shooting after intense exercise and under mental pressure. Although much of our knowledge about cross-country skiing is probably also applicable to the biathlon, carrying the rifle and shooting under stress make this discipline somewhat unique. The present review summarizes and examines the scientific literature related to biathlon performance, with a focus on physiological and biomechanical factors and shooting technique, as well as psychophysiological aspects of shooting performance. We conclude with suggestions for future research designed to extend our knowledge about the biathlon, which is presently quite limited.2018 Published by elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.

关键词： Cortical activity Gaze behavior Postural balance Skiing Triggering

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Unravelling the roles of TiN-nanoparticle inoculant in additively manufactured 316 stainless steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第8期175卷 153-169页

作者： Qiyang Tan Haiwei Chang Greta Lindwall erlei Li Ananthanarayanan Durga Guofang Liang Yu Yin Geoff Wang Ming-Xing Zhang School of Mechanical and Mining engineering The University of QueenslandQLD 4072Australia KTH Royal Institute of Technology Brinellvägen 23SE-10044 StockholmSweden School of Chemical engineering The University of QueenslandQLD 4072Australia Present address:Department of Metallurgical engineering and Materials Sci-ence Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai400076India

As a potent grain refiner for steel casting,TiN is now widely used to refineγ-austenite in steel additive manufacturing(AM).However,the refining mechanism of TiN during AM remains unclear despite intensive research in recent *** work aims to boost our understanding on the mechanism of TiN in refining theγ-austenite in AM-fabricated 316 stainless steel and its corresponding effect on the mechanical *** results show that addition of 1 wt.%TiN nanoparticles led to complete columnarto-equiaxed transition and significant refinement of the austenite grains to∼2μm in the 316 *** and kinetic simulations confirmed that,despite the rapid AM solidification,δ-ferrite is the primary solid phase during AM of the 316 steel andγ-austenite forms through subsequent peritectic reaction or direct transformation from theδ-*** implies that the TiN nanoparticles actually refined theδ-ferrite through promoting its heterogenous nucleation,which in turn refined theγ-*** assumption is verified by the high grain refining efficiency of TiN nanoparticles in an AM-fabricated Fe-4 wt.%Siδ-ferrite alloy,in whichδ-ferrite forms directly from the melt and is retained at room *** grain refinement is attributed to the good atomic matching betweenδ-ferrite and *** refinement in the 316 steel through 1 wt.%TiN inoculation not only eliminated the property anisotropy but also led to a high strain-hardening rate upon plastic deformation and thereby a superior strengthductility synergy with yield strength of 561 MPa,tensile strength of 860 MPa and elongation of 48%.

关键词： Austenitic stainless steels Additive Manufacturing Grain refinement Strain hardening TeM

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A novel framework for the carbon reduction performance of power grids:A case study of provincial power grids within the China Central Power Grid

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Frontiers of engineering Management 2024年第3期11卷 455-468页

作者： Lei JIANG Chen LING Qing YANG Pietro BARTOCCI Shusong BA Shuangquan LIU China-eU Institute for Clean and Renewable energy Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China RIse Processum AB SE-89122 ÖrnsköldsvikSweden HSBC Business School Peking UniversityShenzhen 518055China System Operation Department. Yunnan Power Grid Co.LtdKunming 650011China

Power grids play a crucial role in connecting electricity suppliers and *** facilitate efficient power transmission and energy management,significantly contributing to the transition toward low-carbon practices across both upstream and downstream *** managing carbon reduction in the power industry is essential for enhancing carbon reduction efficiency and achieving dual-carbon *** studies have focused on the outcomes of carbon reduction efforts rather than the management ***,when power grids prioritize the process of carbon reduction in their management,they are more likely to achieve better *** address this gap,we propose an evaluation model for managing carbon reduction activities in power grids,comprising the carbon management efficiency(CMe)module based on the maturity model and the carbon reduction efficiency(CRe)module based on the entropy *** CMe module provides a scorecard corresponding to a detailed and continuous evaluation model for carbon management processes to calculate its ***,the CRe module relates carbon reduction results to the development direction of the government and power grid,allowing for effective adjustments and updates based on actual *** evaluation model was applied to provincial power grids within the China Central Power *** results reveal that despite some fluctuations in carbon reduction performance,provincial power grids within the China Central Power Grid have made continuous progress in carbon reduction *** to the synergy model,there is evidence suggesting that power grids are steadily improving their carbon reduction performance,and a more organized approach would lead to a greater degree of *** evaluation model applies to power grids,and its framework can be extended to other industries,providing a theoretical reference for evaluating their carbon reduction efforts.

关键词： power grid carbon reduction evaluation model maturity model synergy model

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