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Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity

Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： Richard T.Corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

The Anthropocene is marked by twin crises:climate change and biodiversity *** change has tended to dominate the headlines,reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodiversity *** itself is a difficult *** plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species,but most of the Tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes,bacteria,and *** plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people,ranging from those that are species-specific,such as food,medicine,and genetic resources,to many which are partly interchangeable,such as timber and forage for domestic animals,and others which depend on the whole community,but not on individual species,such as regulation of water supply and carbon *** use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people,but this does not match the way most people value *** can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups,for which it ranges from 14%(birds)to 63%(cycads).Less than 8%of land plants have been assessed,but it has been estimated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are still few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodiversity include:improving the inventory,with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected;expanding the protected area system and its representativeness;controlling overexploitation;managing invasive species;conserving threatened species ex situ;restoring degraded ecosystems;and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings,both postponed to 2021,will provide an opportunity to address both crises,but success will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Conservation Ecosystem services Values

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Ex situ Flora of China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 357-364页

作者： Hongwen Huang Jingping Liao Zheng Zhang Qingqing Zhan South China botanical garden Chinese Academy of Sciences International Association of Botanic Gardens

The role of living collections-based research and discovery has been a prominent feature throughout the history of evolution and advance of botanical science: such research is the core and soul of the botanical gardens. Currently, there are c. 162 Chinese botanical gardens, harboring c. 20,000 species in China. As an example of initiatives to utilize the garden cultivated flora to address plant diversity conservation and germplasm discovery for sustainable agriculture and the bio-industries, the Ex situ Flora of China project aims to catalog and document this mega-diversity of plants that are cultivated in the Chinese botanical gardens. The concept of Ex situ Flora of China is a complete new formulation of species, based on garden cultivated individuals and populations, to obtain better morphological descriptions, provide multipurpose applicability and a fundamental data service that will support national bio-strategies and bioindustries. It emphasises integrative information, accurately collected from living collections across different Chinese botanical gardens, on biology, phenology, cultivation requirements and uses of plant resources, which are normally not available from traditional Floras based on herbarium specimens. The ex situ flora should provide better information coverage for taxonomy, biological and introduction and collection data and color photos of stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seed, as well as useful information of cultivation key points and main use of each plant. In general, the Ex situ Flora of China provides more useful information than the traditional Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. The project of Ex situ Flora of China is planned to be one of the most important initiatives of the plant diversity research platform for sustainable economic and social development in China.

关键词： botanical garden Living collections Ex situ conservation botanical sciences Cultivated flora

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Are the altitudinal patterns of plant diversity derived from field surveys consistent with those from empirical integrated methods?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1307-1315页

作者： ZHAN Qing-hua FU Zhi-hao ZHOU Ya-dong YAN Xue WANG Qing-feng School of Life Sciences Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China Wuhan botanical garden/core botanical gardens Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Sino-Africa Joint Research Center(SAJOREC) Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China

Field surveys and empirical integrated methods are commonly used in the ecological research to understand the altitudinal pattern of plant diversity of ***,few studies have compared the differences between the two methods on the same ***,we addressed and compared the altitudinal patterns of species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),the standardized effect size of phylogenetic diversity(PDses)and mean phylogenetic distance(MPDses)of about 580 angiosperms growing on Mount Kenya from two independent datasets:one is based on our several times field surveys in this mountain and another one is based on empirical data integrated from *** found that the altitudinal diversity patterns of field surveys dataset were consistent with the empirical integrated *** SR and PD showed hump-shaped patterns along the altitude,and both PDses and MPDses showed monotonically decreasing patterns along the *** ratio of diversity between field surveys dataset and empirical integrated dataset were gradually increase along the *** research provides new insight for understanding the altitudinal diversity patterns of plants of a tropical mountain.

关键词： Mount Kenya Africa Surveys Interpolation method Taxonomic Phylogenetic

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ERF5 enhances protocorm-like body regeneration via enhancement of STM expression in Dendrobium orchid

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第9期65卷 2071-2085页

作者： Danqi Zeng Can Si Mingze Zhang Jun Duan Chunmei He Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement&Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China South China National botanical garden Guangzhou 510650China Center of Economic Botany Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

Orchid plants develop protocorms upon germination and produce protocorm-like structures called protocorm-like bodies(PLBs)from protocorms and somatic cells via tissue ***-like bodies have broad technical application potential in the orchid industry and their regeneration is a distinct developmental process in the plant ***,little is known about this unparalleled developmental *** this study,we identified a PLB-abundant gene,ethylene response factor(ERF),and a transcription factor named Do ERF5,and determined its important role in PLB regeneration in Dendrobium *** of Do ERF5 in Dendrobium greatly enhanced the PLB regeneration from PLB and stem explants,and upregulated the expression of WOUND-INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION(Do WIND)homologs and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS(Do STM),as well as the genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis(Do IPT)and the cytokinin response factors(Do ARRs).However,silencing Do ERF5 reduced the regeneration rate of PLBs,and downregulated the expression of Do WIND homologs,Do STM and Do *** demonstrated that Do ERF5 is directly bound to the Do STM promoter and regulates its *** addition,overexpression of Do STM in Dendrobium orchid resulted in favorable regeneration of *** results clarify that Do ERF5 regulates the regeneration of PLB by enhancing Do STM *** findings provide new insights into how Do ERF5 mediates PLB regeneration and offers technical potential in improving clonal propagation,preservation,and the bioengineering of orchids.

关键词： EMSA ERF transcription factor orchid protocormlikebody STM

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Taxonomic synopsis of Berberis(Berberidaceae)from the northern Hengduan mountains region in China,with descriptions of seven new species

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 505-517页

作者： Yao-Ke Li Julian Harber Chuan Peng Zhi-Qiang Du Yao-Wu Xing Chih-Chieh Yu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Research Associate Missouri Botanic GardenMytholmroydWest YorkshireUK Center of Plant Ecology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

Though Berberis(Berberidaceae)is widely distributed across the Eurasian landmass it is most diverse in the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountain(HHM)*** are more than 200 species in China where it is one of the most common mountain *** study on the taxonomy and evolution of Berberis in this region can thus provide an important insight into the origin and diversification of its flora.A prerequisite to this is mapping and describing the various species of Berberis in the region-a task that despite recent progress is by no means *** is clear that in China there may be a significant number of species still to be described and that even with published species much about their distribution remains to be *** a contribution to the first of these tasks seven new species from the northern Hengduan Mountain of *** and ***:Berberis chinduensis,Berberis degexianensis,Berberis jiajinshanensis,Berberis jinwu,Berberis litangensis,Berberis longquensis and Berberis riparia,are described *** in overall morphology and especially in floral structures with each other and with similar species of Berberis in the same region are *** report is the result of phylogenetic analyses based on plastome and partial nrDNA sequences of both the seven proposed new species and a significant number of similar species already *** conclusions as to the insights provides on the history of the genetic divergence are discussed.

关键词： Berberidaceae Flora of China Herbarium taxonomy Plastome sequences nrDNA sequences

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Mapping the habitat suitability of Ottelia species in Africa

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 468-480页

作者： Boniface K.Ngarega John M.Nzei Josphat K.Saina Marwa Waseem A.Halmy Jin-Ming Chen Zhi-Zhong Li Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglun666303China Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria21511Egypt

Understanding the influence of environmental covariates on plant distribution is critical,especially for aquatic plant *** change is likely to alter the distribution of aquatic ***,knowledge of this change on the burden of aquatic macroorganisms is often fraught with ***,a model genus for studying the evolution of the aquatic family Hydrocharitaceae,is mainly distributed in slow-flowing creeks,rivers,or lakes throughout pantropical regions in the *** to recent rapid climate changes,natural Ottelia populations have declined *** modeling the effects of climate change on the distribution of Ottelia species and assessing the degree of niche similarity,we sought to identify high suitability regions and help formulate conservation *** models use known background points to determine how environmental covariates vary spatially and produce continental maps of the distribution of the Ottelia species in ***,we estimated the possible influences of the optimistic and extreme pessimistic representative concentration pathways scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the *** results show that the distinct distribution patterns of studied Ottelia species were influenced by topography(elevation)and climate(e.g.,mean temperature of driest quarter,annual precipitation,and precipitation of the driest month).While there is a lack of accord in defining the limiting factors for the distribution of Ottelia species,it is clear that water-temperature conditions have promising effects when kept within optimal *** also note that climate change will impact Ottelia by accelerating fragmentation and habitat *** assessment of niche overlap revealed that Ottelia cylindrica and *** had slightly more similar niches than the other Ottelia *** present findings identify the need to enhance conservation efforts to safeguard natural Ottelia populations and provide a theoretical basis for the distr

关键词： African freshwater bodies Climate change Ecological niche modeling Habitat suitability Niche overlap

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Aboveground herbivory increases soil nematode abundance of an invasive plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 405-412页

作者： Jia Liu Susu Dai Wei Huang Jianqing Ding CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074HubeiChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China core botanical garden Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074HubeiChina School of Life Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina

Aims Plant invasions have the potential to affect the community structure of soil nematodes,but little is known about whether such effects are mediated by aboveground herbivores since invasive plants are not completely released from herbivores in the introduced *** this study,we explored how aboveground insect herbivores mediated the effect of invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides on soil nematodes and examined the temporal variations of such an herbivory-elicited *** We conducted a greenhouse experiment by applying different herbivory treatments(no insect herbivores,specialist Agasicles hygrophila and generalist Cassida piperata)to potted ***,and then measured the community compositions of soil nematodes in corresponding pots on the 1st,10th and 20th day after removal of all *** addition,the carbon content of roots and root exudate of *** were also *** Findings Our results showed that aboveground herbivory significantly increased the abundance of soil nematodes of ***,likely plant feeder nematodes,after insect herbivores were removed immediately(1st day).However,such impacts waned with time and there was no significant difference at later stages(10th and 20th days).Furthermore,the effects of specialist *** and generalist *** herbivory were consistent on the abundance of soil ***,our results suggest that aboveground insect herbivores have the potential to alter the effects of plant invasions on soil nematodes,but such impacts are ***,our study highlighted the importance of integrating the effects of above-and belowground organisms when evaluating the impacts of plant invasions.

关键词： aboveground insect herbivores soil nematodes trophic groups plant invasions temporal change

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Pollinator diversity benefits natural and agricultural ecosystems,environmental health,and human welfare

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Plant Diversity 2022年第5期44卷 429-435页

作者： Daniel Mutavi Katumo Huan Liang Anne Christine Ochola Min Lv Qing-Feng Wang Chun-Feng Yang CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China

Biodiversity loss during the Anthropocene is a serious ecological *** are important vectors that provide multiple essential ecosystem services but are declining rapidly in this changing ***,several studies have argued that a high abundance of managed bee pollinators,such as honeybees(Apis mellifera),may be sufficient to provide pollination services for crop productivity,and sociological studies indicate that the majority of farmers worldwide do not recognize the contribution of wild pollinator diversity to agricultural ***,we review the importance of pollinator diversity in natural and agricultural ecosystems that may be thwarted by the increase in abundance of managed pollinators such as *** also emphasize the additional roles diverse pollinator communities play in environmental safety,culture,and *** indicates that in natural ecosystems,pollinator diversity enhances pollination during environmental and climatic perturbations,thus alleviating pollen *** agricultural ecosystems,pollinator diversity increases the quality and quantity of crop ***,studies indicate that many pollinator groups are useful in monitoring environmental pollution,aid in pest and disease control,and provide cultural and aesthetic *** the uncertainties that may accompany rapid environmental changes in the Anthropocene,the conservation of pollinator diversity must expand beyond bee ***,the value of pollinator diversity maintenance extends beyond the provision of pollination ***,conservation of pollinator diversity requires an interdisciplinary approach with contributions from environmentalists,taxonomists,and social scientists,including artists,who can shape opinions and behavior.

关键词： Bee Complementarity Ecological indicator Plant community Pollen limitation

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Alternative splicing of MaMYB16L regulates starch degradation in banana fruit during ripening

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第7期63卷 1341-1352页

作者： Guoxiang Jiang Dandan Zhang Zhiwei Li Hanzhi Liang Rufang Deng Xinguo Su Yueming Jiang Xuewu Duan South China botanical garden the Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650 China Center of Economic Botany Core Botanical Gardensthe Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650 China College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049 China Guangdong AIB Polytechnic Guangzhou510507 China

The alternative splicing of select genes is an important mechanism to regulate responses to endogenous and environmental signals in ***,the role of alternative splicing in regulating fruit ripening remains ***,we discovered that MaMYB16L,an R1-type MYB transcription factor,undergoes alternative splicing and generates two transcripts,the full-length isoform MaMYB16L and a truncated form MaMYB16S,in banana *** banana fruit ripening,the alternative splicing process intensifies with downregulated MaMYB16L and upregulated ***,MaMYB16L is a transcriptional repressor that directly binds with the promoters of many genes associated with starch degradation and MaDREB2,a positive ripening regulator,and represses their *** contrast,MaMBY16S lacks a DNA-binding domain but competitively combines and forms non-functional heterodimers with functional ***16L-MaMYB16S heterodimers decrease the binding capacity and transrepression activity of *** downregulation of MaMYB16L and the upregulation of MaMYB16S,that is,a decreased ratio of active to non-active isoforms,facilitates the activation of ripening-related genes and thereby promotes fruit ***,the transient overexpression of MaMYB16S promotes banana fruit ripening,whereas the overexpression of MaMYB16L delays this ***,the alternative splicing of MaMYB16L might generate a self-controlled regulatory loop to regulate banana fruit ripening.

关键词： alternative splicing fruit ripening Musa acuminata R1-MYB transcriptional regulation

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Diurnal emission of herbivore-induced(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and allo-ocimene activates sweet potato defense responses to sweet potato weevils

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1782-1796页

作者： XIAO Yang-yang QIAN Jia-jia HOU Xing-liang ZENG Lan-ting LIU Xu MEI Guo-guo LIAO Yin-yin Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital botanical garden and Popular Science/Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650P.R.China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049P.R.China Center of Economic Botany Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650P.R.China

The sweet potato weevil(Cylas formicarius(Fab.)(Coleoptera: Brentidae)) is a pest that feeds on sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.(Solanales: Convolvulaceae)), causing substantial economic losses annually. However, no safe and effective methods have been found to protect sweet potato from this pest. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles(HIPVs)promote various defensive bioactivities, but their formation and the defense mechanisms in sweet potato have not been investigated. To identify the defensive HIPVs in sweet potato, the release dynamics of volatiles was *** biosynthetic pathways and regulatory factors of the candidate HIPVs were revealed via stable isotope tracing and analyses at the transcriptional and metabolic levels. Finally, the anti-insect activities and the defense mechanisms of the gaseous candidates were evaluated. The production of(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate(z3HAC) and allo-ocimene was induced by sweet potato weevil feeding, with a distinct circadian rhythm. Ipomoea batatas ocimene synthase(IbOS) is first reported here as a key gene in allo-ocimene synthesis. Insect-induced wounding promoted the production of the substrate,(Z)-3-hexenol, and upregulated the expression of IbOS, which resulted in higher contents of z3HAC and allo-ocimene,respectively. Gaseous z3HAC and allo-ocimene primed nearby plants to defend themselves against sweet potato weevils. These results provide important data regarding the formation, regulation, and signal transduction mechanisms of defensive volatiles in sweet potato, with potential implications for improving sweet potato weevil management strategies.

关键词： sweet potato (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate allo-ocimene defense signaling

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