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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 477-484页

作者： LONJINO M. OGWAL ANDREW KALYEBI JOHN B. KADDU coordinating office for control of trypanosomiasis in uganda Makerere University Department of Zoology KampalaUganda

The diurnal activity patterns, trypanosome infection rates and movement of Glossinafuscipesfuscipes （Diptera： Glossinidae） were investigated in Buvuma Island, Lake Victoria, uganda. Hourly trapping of tsetse flies was undertaken to determine their activity rhythm while a capture-mark-release-recapture method was conducted to assess the movement and dispersal of tsetse flies between lakeshore, hinterland and further inland sites along a transected area. Dissection of tsetse flies was also undertaken to determine the trypanosome infection rates in salivary glands, proboscis and mid-gut. Results indicated a bimodal diurnal activity profile for G. f fuscipes on the Island, both on the lakeshore and in the hinterland. Movement and dispersal of G. f fuscipes tsetse flies occurred between lakeshore, hinterland and further inland sites with a greater tendency of flies to move to the lakeshore. Trypanosome infection rates of 4.32% for Trypasoma vivax and 1.15% for 7. congolense were found in G. f. fuscipes.

关键词： Glossina movement dispersal trypanosomes Buvuma

Evaluating the impact of targeting livestock for the prevention of human and animal trypanosomiasis,at village level,in districts newly affected with T.b.rhodesiense in uganda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 128-139页

作者： Louise Hamill Kim Picozzi Jenna Fyfe Beatrix von Wissmann Sally Wastling Nicola Wardrop Richard Selby Christine Amongi Acup Kevin L.Bardosh Dennis Muhanguzi John D.Kabasa Charles Waiswa Susan C.Welburn Edinburgh Infectious Diseases Division of Infection and Pathway MedicineEdinburgh Medical School:Biomedical SciencesThe University of EdinburghChancellor’s Building49 Little France CrescentEdinburgh EH164SBUK Department of Pharmacy Clinical and Comparative MedicineSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ResourcesMakerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda The coordinating office for control of trypanosomiasis in uganda(COCTU) WandegeyaPlot 76/78 Buganda RoadP.O.Box 16345KampalaUganda

Background:uganda has suffered from a series of epidemics of Human African trypanosomiasis(HAT),a tsetse transmitted disease,also known as sleeping sickness.The area affected by acute Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense HAT(rHAT)has been expanding,driven by importation of infected cattle into regions previously free of the disease.These regions are also affected by African Animal trypanosomiasis(AAT)demanding a strategy for integrated disease control.Methods:In 2008,the Public Private Partnership,Stamp Out Sleeping Sickness(SOS)administered a single dose of trypanocide to 31486 head of cattle in 29 parishes in Dokolo and Kaberamaido districts.This study examines the impact of this intervention on the prevalence of rHAT and AAT trypanosomes in cattle from villages that had(HAT^(+ve))or had not(HAT^(-ve))experienced a recent case of rHAT.Cattle herds from 20 villages were sampled and screened by PCR,pre-intervention and 6-months post-intervention,for the presence or absence of:Trypanosoma brucei s.l.;human infective T.b.rhodesiense;Trypanosoma vivax;and Trypanosoma congolense savannah.Results:Post-intervention,there was a significant decrease in the prevalence of T.brucei s.***.and the human infective sub-species T.b.rhodesiense in village cattle across all 20 villages.The prevalence of T.b.rhodesiense was reduced from 2.4%to 0.74%(P<0.0001),with the intervention showing greater impact in HAT^(-ve) villages.The number of villages containing cattle harbouring human infective parasites decreased from 15/20 to 8/20,with T.b.rhodesiense infection mainly persisting within cattle in HAT^(+ve) villages(six/eight).The proportion of T.brucei s.***.infections identified as human infective T.b.rhodesiense decreased after the intervention from 8.3%(95%CI=11.1-5.9%)to 4.1%(95%CI=6.8-2.3%).Villages that had experienced a recent human case(HAT^(+ve) villages)showed a significantly higher prevalence for AAT both pre-and post-intervention.For AAT the prevalence of T.vivax was significantly reduced from 5.9%to 0.05%post-intervention while th

关键词： African animal trypanosomiasis(AAT) Human African trypanosomiasis(HAT) Sleeping sickness Trypanosma brucei rhodesiense HAT(rHAT) uganda T.b.brucei T.b.rhodesiense

Differential effects of two dominant plant species on community structure and invasibility in an old-field ecosystem

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 123-131页

作者： Lara Souza Jake F.Weltzin Nathan J.Sanders Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee1416 Circle DriveKnoxvilleTN 37996USA USA National Phenology Network National Coordinating Office1955 East 6th StreetTucsonAZ 85719USA

Aims In this study,we examined the effects of Solidago altissima(hereafter Solidago)and two species in the genus Verbesina,Verbesina virginica and Verbesina occidentalis(hereafter Verbesina),on the structure of an old-field plant community and establishment by an invasive plant species,Lespedeza cuneata(hereafter Lespedeza).Methods We removed Solidago,Verbesina and both Solidago and Verbesina from 4m^(-2)plots in an intact old-field community during two growing seasons.We then quantified the effects of these removals on richness,evenness,diversity and composition of the subdominant plant community.We also measured the total aboveground biomass and the aboveground biomass of the subdominant community.To assess how these removals affected establishment by Lespedeza,we planted 20 seeds in each plot and tracked seedling emergence and survival for one growing season.Important Findings Subdominant community evenness and Shannon diversity were higher in plots from which Solidago and Verbesina were removed relative to control plots.However,there were no effects of dominant species removal on species richness or composition of the subdominant community.Total aboveground biomass was not affected by dominant species removal,suggesting that the community of subdominant species exhibited compensation.In fact,subdominant community biomass was greater when Solidago,but not Verbesina,was removed.Light availability was also greater in plots where Solidago was removed relative to control plots throughout the growing season.In addition,removal of dominant species,in particular Solidago,indirectly reduced the emergence,but not survival,of Lespedeza seedlings by directly promoting subdominant community biomass.Taken together,our results suggest that dominant old-field plant species affect subdominant community structure and indirectly promote establishment by Lespedeza.

关键词： compensation establishment invasive Lespedeza cuneata Solidago Verbesina

越南国家结核病防治规划中的管理培训效果评估

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2009年第4期4卷 141-149页

作者： K.E.Umble J.Brooks A.Lowman M.Malison N.T.Huong M.Iademarco K.Laserson 彭向东王雪静 North Carolina Institute for Public Health School of Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina Sustainable Management Development Program Division of Global Public Health Capacity DevelopmentCoordinating Office for Global HealthCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina Thailand coordinating office for Global Health Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vietnam National Tuberculosis Program HanoiVietnam Department of Health and Human Services Kenya coordinating office for Global Health Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNairobiKenya

背景:越南国家结核病防治规划(NTP)目的:展示美国疾病预防控制中心可持续管理发展项目(SMDP)是如何通过组织实施管理培训计划而在越南NTP中进行能力建设,并评价其对NTP国内培训规划的影响(NTP的国内培训规划是针对个人和团队管理实施,... 详细信息

背景:越南国家结核病防治规划(NTP)目的:展示美国疾病预防控制中心可持续管理发展项目(SMDP)是如何通过组织实施管理培训计划而在越南NTP中进行能力建设,并评价其对NTP国内培训规划的影响(NTP的国内培训规划是针对个人和团队管理实施,以及省级结核病防治规划的实施)。设计:对参与该项目的8个省级结核病防治机构进行案例研究,包括交叉案例和内容分析。结果:学员们和学员返回原单位后组织自学的团队对所学概念理解深入,特别是在循证决策、发现问题和解决问题、以及团队协同工作提高效果方面。有关在日常工作中如何运用这些概念的问题,学员给列举了许多例子。参与该项目的团队均超过、达到或非常接近其预期目标,包括提搞了DOTS的实施质量。改善工作过程已成为其实践的常规内容,且常常应用到其他地区。有几个团队表示,他们在发现问题和寻找解决方法方面更加主动。其他团队责表示,团队合作的增强提高了NTP工作人员的责任心。结论:包含实践内容的管理培训能够提升NTP的管理和实施效果。

关键词：结核病培训规划质量管理规划评价越南

High Field MRI in Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT)

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Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第3期7卷 190-198页

作者： Cherif Mohamadou Aidara Caroline Magne Philomene Kouna Gaelle Ebinda Mipinda Abdoulaye Dione Diop Abdoulaye Ndoye Diop Sokhna Ba Radiology office of Fann University Hospital Dakar-Fann Sénégal Internal Medecine office of Polyclinique El Rapha Trois Quartiers Libreville Gabon Radiology office of Polyclinique El Rapha Trois Quartiers Libreville Gabon

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping thickness is a forest and rural disease;where agriculture is the main activity. It is a chronic and lethal disease without treatment. HAT is caused by two parasites;Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense (gTB) and Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense (rTB) transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly. It is endemic condition in Africa between the 15° north latitude and the 20° south latitude. It is reported outside this area in travelers who stayed in endemic zone. Infection by gTB is wider and more frequent (98%) than that by rTB (2%). The Democratic Republic of Congo is the most affected country with more than 75% of reported cases. The geographical distribution is not homogeneous. There are more affected regions in a zone called “foci” which represents areas favorable to the development of the vector. Its diagnosis and treatment are very important because of its social and economic impact at both the individual and community levels. Promising molecules including fexinidazole are currently undergoing testing. Nowadays populations move more and more easily but the discovery of this disease in daily neuroradiological practice is exceptional. We propose in this paper through two observations, reminders on epidemiological, clinical and MRI features of HAT. It typically performs the edematous, bilateral and diffuse encephalitis. It is important to distinguish these aspects from the arsenic-induced encephalitis that may occur during treatment. Only vector control allows eradicating this disease. WHO has set targets elimination of HAT as a public health problem for 2020 deadline.

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis High Field MRI Diffuse Encephalitis Optic Tract Arsenic-Induced Encephalitis

Boosting Green Development in China’s River Valley Economy

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China Economic Transition 2020年第2期3卷 94-104页

作者： JIA Ruoxiang ZHANG Yan WANG Jiyuan DOU Hongtao ZHENG Guonan of Comprehensive Research office Institute of Spatial Planning and Regional EconomyChinese Academy of Macroeconomic Research(CAMR) of Regional Strategy Research office Institute of Spatial Planning and Regional EconomyCAMR the Comprehensive Research office Institute of Spatial Planning and Regional EconomyCAMR

In line with the requirements of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,we need analyze the characteristics of China’s river valley economy,fully consider the development constraints posed by water resources.In addition,advancing the“three water treatments,”which covers water pollution control,water ecological restoration,and water resources protection,is of great theoretical and practical significance in helping to realize the concept of a mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass community of shared life.It also requires effectively coordinating the upper and lower reaches,both riverbanks,the trunk streams and tributaries,and on-shore industrial cities within the area,to foster integration and interaction between major national strategies and create a new pattern for promoting ecological progress.

关键词： farmland valley river

Scoping review on vector-borne diseases in urban areas:transmission dynamics,vectorial capacity and co-infection

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 916-939页

作者： Marcus Eder Fanny Cortes Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira Filha Giovanny Vinicius Araujo de Franca Stephanie Degroote Cynthia Braga Valery Ridde Celina Maria Turchi Martelli Public Health England Sierra Leone Country office FreetownSierra Leone Aggeu Magalhaes Institute(IAM)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation(Fiocruz) Avenida Professor Moraes Regos/n.Cidade Universitaria.CEP 50RecifePernambuco 740-465Brazil Universidade de Pernambuco(UPE) RecifePernambucoBrazil Liverpool School Of Tropical Medicine(LSTM) LondonUK Secretariat of Health Surveillance Ministry of HealthBrasiliaBrazil University of Montreal School of Public Health(ESPUM) MontrealQuebecCanada IRD(French Institute For Research on Sustainable Development) CEPED(IRD-UniversiteParis Descartes)Universites Paris Sorbonne CitesERL INSERM SAGESUDParisFrance

Background:Transmission dynamics,vectorial capacity,and co-infections have substantial impacts on vector-borne diseases(VBDs)affecting urban and suburban populations.Reviewing key factors can provide insight into priority research areas and offer suggestions for potential interventions.Main body:Through a scoping review,we identify knowledge gaps on transmission dynamics,vectorial capacity,and co-infections regarding VBDs in urban areas.Peer-reviewed and grey literature published between 2000 and 2016 was searched.We screened abstracts and full texts to select studies.Using an extraction grid,we retrieved general data,results,lessons learned and recommendations,future research avenues,and practice implications.We classified studies by VBD and country/continent and identified relevant knowledge gaps.Of 773 articles selected for full-text screening,50 were included in the review:23 based on research in the Americas,15 in Asia,10 in Africa,and one each in Europe and Australia.The largest body of evidence concerning VBD epidemiology in urban areas concerned dengue and malaria.Other arboviruses covered included chikungunya and West Nile virus,other parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis,and bacterial rickettsiosis and plague.Most articles retrieved in our review combined transmission dynamics and vectorial capacity;only two combined transmission dynamics and co-infection.The review identified significant knowledge gaps on the role of asymptomatic individuals,the effects of co-infection and other host factors,and the impacts of climatic,environmental,and socioeconomic factors on VBD transmission in urban areas.Limitations included the trade-off from narrowing the search strategy(missing out on classical modelling studies),a lack of studies on co-infections,most studies being only descriptive,and few offering concrete public health recommendations.More research is needed on transmission risk in homes and workplaces,given increasingly dynamic and mobile populations.The lack of studies on co-infectio

关键词： Arboviruses Disease vectors Coinfection Urban population Epidemiology Review

UTILIZATION OF RESERVOIR SEDIMENT OF THE EXISTING DAM（YOKOYAMA DAM） FOR TOKUYAMA DAM CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

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UTILIZATION OF RESERVOIR SEDIMENT OF THE EXISTING DAM（YOKOY...