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Awareness, Knowledge, Perception and Attitude towards Prescription Medicines Abuse among Medicines Prescribers and Dispensers in Nnewi Nigeria

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第5期6卷 254-266页

作者： Prosper Obunikem Uchechukwu Adogu Ifeoma A. Njelita Nonye Bibiana Egenti Chika Florence Ubajaka Ifeoma A. Modebe consultant public health physician (MBBS FWACP FMCPH) Department of Community Medicine NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria consultant public health physician (MBBS MPH FWACP) Department of Community Medicine NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria consultant public health physician (MBBS MPH FMCPH) Department of Community Medicine University of Abuja Abuja Nigeria consultant public health physician (MBBS FMCPH) Department of Community Medicine NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria consultant public health physician (MBBS FWACP) Department of Community Medicine NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria

Background: Abuse of medicines is becoming a serious problem in many parts of the world, with negative consequences ranging from addiction, psychosis, cardiovascular complications, and premature deaths from unintentional overdose. Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess awareness, knowledge, perception and attitudes toward the abuse of prescription medicines (PM) among medicines prescribers and dispensers in Nigeria. Design and Participants: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pharmacists, other pharmacy staff in retail pharmacies, licensed patent medicines vendors (chemical sellers), and medical doctors in Nnewi, Nigeria. Data were collected through self-completed questionnaire supervised by trained research assistants, between December 2013 and April 2014. Three hundred and seventy-five participants were recruited for this study. Data Analysis: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 for windows was used for data analysis. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate differences and associations based on selected variables. Results: The perception was high 294 (78.4%) among respondents that PM abuse was a problem in the community. Knowledge of health problems associated with PM abuse was also high at 226 (60.3%). However the attitude of the respondents towards early detection of PM abuse among their patients/clients was discouraging. Education, educational status, work status and gender significantly predict good knowledge and positive attitude about PM abuse. Conclusion: Findings from this study will assist health authorities to formulate appropriate health promotion interventions to control and prevent abuse of prescription medicines. Actions directed at early intervention, capacity building, education, public health initiatives and law enforcements will hopefully curb the menace of PM abuse in Nnewi, Nigeria.

关键词： Prescription Medicine Abuse Knowledge Attitude Nnewi Nigeria

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Regulations in the EU on Mycotoxins in Foods

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食品科学 2002年第11期23卷 146-155页

作者： W.J.deKoe Food and public health consultant Hazekamp 26707 HG

作为整个食品安全的重要组成部分,食品安全的重要性早在1992年国年营养会议和1996年世界食品峰会就已经被许多国家的政府认识到了。最近欧盟（EU）颁布了食品安全的法律（178/2002）。食品的质量和安全受许多因素的威胁,包括天然毒素。... 详细信息

作为整个食品安全的重要组成部分,食品安全的重要性早在1992年国年营养会议和1996年世界食品峰会就已经被许多国家的政府认识到了。最近欧盟（EU）颁布了食品安全的法律（178/2002）。食品的质量和安全受许多因素的威胁,包括天然毒素。在广阔的天然毒素范围内,真菌毒素是研究得最广泛的,并且引起了高度的关注,因为它们普遍存在并且对人体和动物健康存在着潜在危害。真菌毒素由某些真菌类产生,它在有利的温度和湿度条件下,入侵农田里的大范围农作物,并入侵收获季节后的生产产品。1994年欧盟（EU）在他们的食品科学委员会对几种真菌毒素:黄曲酶毒素,棕曲霉毒素,棒曲霉素和脱氧雪镰刀菌烯醇发表观点后起动了调整食品中某些真菌毒素标准化的进程。

关键词：欧盟食品安全真菌毒素标准调整

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The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Its Indicators——Where Does health Fit in?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 150-155页

作者： Rishma Maini Lorcan Clarke Kevin Blanchard Virginia Murray public health Registrar in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Research Analyst Intern in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Senior Environmental Scientist in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England public health consultant in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England United Nations International Strategy for Disaster ReductionScientific and Technical Advisory Group Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Reduction Scientific Committee

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes the strong connection between health and disasters and promotes the concept of health resilience *** of the seven global targets stated in the Sendai Framework are directly related to health in terms of reducing disaster mortality,the number of affected people,disaster damage to critical infrastructure,and disruption of basic services such as health *** Sendai Framework also maintains close coordination with other United Nations landmark agreements relevant to health such as the Sustainable Development ***,the measurement of healthrelated indicators is *** arise,for example,in linking deaths to disasters because of the complex interplay between exposure,risk,vulnerability,and *** lack of a universal classification of disasters also means that recording of health data in disasters is not *** the guidelines to enable data onthe indicators to be collected and reported to support the Sendai targets requires detailed thinking,time,and consultation with a diverse range of *** collaboration and partnership will be vital to achieving success.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Global health targets health indicators Sendai Framework

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Treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis under DOTS-Plus:a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 51-58页

作者： Kelemu Tilahun Kibret Yonatan Moges Peter Memiah Sibhatu Biadgilign Department of public health College of Medical and Health SciencesWollega UniversityP.O.Box 395NekemteEthiopia Department of public health College of Medical and Health SciencesHaramaya UniversityP.O.Box 135HararEthiopia College of health Department of Public HealthUniversity of West FloridaFloridaUSA public health Research consultant P.O.Box 24414Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major public health problem that threatens the progress made in tuberculosis care and control *** success rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)is a key issue that cannot be *** is a paucity of evidence that assessed studies on the treatment of MDR-TB,which focus on the effectiveness of the directly observed treatment,short-course(DOTS)-Plus ***,it is crucial to assess and summarize the overall treatment outcomes for MDR-TB patients enrolled in the DOTS-Plus program in recent *** purpose of this study was to thus assess and summarize the available evidence for MDR-TB treatment outcomes under ***:A systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature was *** studies were identified using the databases MEDLINE®/PubMed®,Hinari,and Google *** across studies was assessed using the Cochran’s Q test and I2 *** estimates of treatment outcomes were computed using the random effect ***:Based on the 14 observational studies included in the meta-analysis,it was determined that 5047 patients reported treatment *** these,the pooled prevalence,63.5%(95%CI:58.4-68.5%)successfully completed full treatment(cured or treatment completed)with a pooled cure rate of 55.6%,whereas 12.6%(95%CI:9.0-16.2%)of the patients died,14.2%(95%CI:11.6-16.8%)defaulted from therapy,and 7.6%(95%CI:5.6-9.7%)failed *** 35.4%(95%CI:30-40.8%)of patients had unsuccessful treatment *** unsatisfactorily high percentage 43%(95%CI:32-54%)of unsuccessful treatment outcomes was observed among patients who were enrolled in standardized treatment ***:This study revealed that patients with MDR-TB exhibited a very low treatment success rate compared to the World health Organization 2015 target of at least 75 to 90%.The high default rate observed by conducting this literature review could possibl

关键词： Tuberculosis Multidrug resistance DOTS-Plus Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis Treatment outcomes

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A CO-ORDINATED APPROACH TOW ARDS HYGIENE IS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF FOOD SAFETY

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食品科学 2002年第1期23卷 146-151页

作者： W.J.de Koe Food and public health consultant The Netherlands

有关HACCP在茶叶质量分析中的应用以及荷兰商品法律有关草本植物的结合

关键词：茶叶质量分析 HACCP 应用食品安全

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Hepatoxicity associated with weight-loss supplements: A case for better post-marketing surveillance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第14期15卷 1786-1787页

作者： Ano Lobb public health consultant 80 Lepage Rd Barre VT 05641 United States

There is a growing number of case reports of hepatoxicity from the widely marketed weight-loss supplement Hydroxycut, which contains the botanical ingredient Garcinia cambogia . These case reports may substantially undercount the true magnitude of harm. Based on the past experience with harmful dietary supplements, US regulators should assume the more precautionary approach favored by Canada and Europe. Lacking effective adverse event surveillance for supplements, or the requirements to prove safety prior to coming to the market, case reports such as those summarized here assume added importance.

关键词： Hydroxycut Dietary supplements Garciniacambogia Liver failure Weight loss Super citrimax Hca-sx

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Detection of alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第3期7卷 297-302页

作者： Harriet Gordon consultant physician and Gastroenterologist The Royal Hampshire County HospitalWinchesterHampshireUK

INTRODUCTIONAlcohol has been used in society over centuries and all over the world for its mood-lifting properties and taste. It is probably ,however ,the commonest drug of abuse world-wide and unfortunately causes considerable morbidity, mortality and social disruption .In 1990 the cost tl the USA was more than $ 100 billion and 100 000 lives.The relationship between alcohol and mankind is well documented from the earliest tines .

关键词： Biological Markers Humans Liver Diseases, Alcoholic

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Longitudinal association of gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis with repeat chlamydia diagnoses among U.S. Army women: A retrospective cohort analysis

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Military Medical Research 2019年第2期6卷 128-134页

作者： Christian TBautista Eyako KWurapa Warren BSateren Bruce PHollingsworth Jose LSanchez Division of health Research Lancaster UniversityLancasterUK Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Silver SpringMDUSA Senior Research consultant WashingtonDCUSA Armed Forceshealth Surveillance Branch Public Health DivisionDefense HealthAgencySilver SpringMDUSA.

Background: Historically, sexually transmitted infections have affected the health of the U.S. military. To determine whether gonorrhea, bacterial vaginosis, genital herpes, and trichomoniasis are predictors of repeat chlamydia diagnoses among U.S. Army women, medical data reported into the Defense Medical Surveillance System during the 2006–2012 period were ***: For all inpatient and outpatient medical records, the first and second International Classification of Diseases,version 9(ICD-9) diagnostic positions were reviewed for each chlamydia case to determine the occurrence of repeat diagnoses. The Andersen-Gill regression model, an extension of the Cox model for multiple failure-time data, was used to study associations between predictors and repeat chlamydia ***: Among 28,201 women with a first chlamydia diagnosis, 5145(18.2%), 1163(4.1%), 267(0.9%), and 88(0.3%)had one, two, three, and four or more repeat diagnoses, respectively. Overall, the incidence of repeat chlamydia was8.31 cases per 100 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 3.39 years. Gonorrhea(hazard ratio(HR)=1.58, 95%CI: 1.44–1.73) and bacterial vaginosis(HR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.09–1.79) were significant predictors for repeat *** estimated hazard ratios were attenuated, but remained significant, after controlling for age, race/ethnicity,marital status, and military rank. No significant association was found for genital herpes(HR=1.13, 95% CI: 0.55–2.29)and trichomoniasis(HR=1.43, 95% CI: 0.43–4.68).Conclusions: This large cohort study suggests that gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis were associated with repeat chlamydia diagnoses among U.S. Army women. These findings can be used in formulating new interventions to prevent repeat chlamydia diagnoses.

关键词： Gonorrhea Bacterial vaginosis Chlamydia Sexually transmitted infection Military

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Symptoms of dengue at the acute and post-infection stage in the Western Province, Sri Lanka:A cross-sectional study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第6期12卷 258-263页

作者： Chrishantha Abeysena Sharika Peiris Indrakantha Welgama Upul Gunasekara Kolitha Wickramage Lab1Department of public health Faculty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagamaSri Lanka consultant United Nations Migration Agency Medical Officer Ministry of HealthSri Lanka Global Research and Epidemiology Coordinator United Nations Migration AgencyGeneva

Objective: To describe the symptoms of dengue at acute and post-infection stage and to identify preventive strategies adopted by the patients in the Western Province, Sri ***: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the Western Province of Sri Lanka in November 2017. The study population consisted of 473 confirmed dengue patients aged from 18 to 64 years who were hospitalized between June and August 2017. A stratified random sampling technique was applied to select the participants. Data collection was done by trained interviewers, using a structured, pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The most common symptoms of dengue fever at the acute stage was body ache(81.81%, n=387), followed by headache(71.67%, n=339), loss of appetite(66.80%, n=316), tiredness(53.06 %, n=251) and vomiting(41.86%, n=198). The most common symptom during the post-infection stage was body ache(48.62%, n=230), followed by fatigue(39.74%, n=188), and loss of appetite(28.75%, n=136). Adding sand to the water in places where water accumulates(41.64%, n=197) was the most common method used to prevent transmission of dengue followed by removing/draining stagnant water regularly(36.15%, n=177). Use of mosquito nets(83.08%, n=393) was the most common method in preventing mosquito bites followed by the use of fans among dengue patients(56.02%, n=265).Conclusions: The study shows a prolonged persistence of clinical symptoms during the postinfection period.

关键词： Control Dengue Outbreak Symptoms Vector Virus

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Secondary damage in trauma and limited access dressing: a review

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2020年第6期7卷 1-11页

作者： Pramod Kumar Akriti Gupta Apoorva Gupta consultant Plastic Surgeon King Fahd Central HospitalJazan 82666Saudi Arabia Resident physician(Pathology) University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22903USA physician(Internal Medicine) Asante Rogue Regional Medical CenterMedfordOR 97504USA

Secondary damage in trauma may increase morbidity,mortality and the cost of treatment *** article reviews the literature of 46 relevant articles on this *** hope to provide a better understanding of the various mechanisms that can lead to secondary damage following major trauma and aim to improve the management of such in trauma *** also explore the utility of limited access dressing and its ability to minimize and treat secondary musculoskeletal *** interdependent cellular mechanisms have been described that contribute and perpetuate secondary tissue damage-lysosomal,protein/enzyme denaturation,membrane permeability and *** changes are mainly due to systemic hypoxia and the systemic inflammatory response *** access dressing appears to be an efficient and cost-effective method for the management of secondary damage,as evidenced by the reduced number of debridements,shorter wound coverage time,and reduction in total length of hospital stay while lowering treatment costs and improving quality of care.

关键词： Trauma secondary damage limited access dressing

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