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Estimation of the Lyman-α signal of the EFILE diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field in vacuum

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第7期20卷 1-6页

作者： carlo poggi théo guillaume fabrice doveil laurence chérigier-kovacic consorzio rfx Corso Stati Uniti1-35127 PadovaItaly Aix-Marseille Universite CNRSPIIM UM R 7345F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20France

The electric field induced Lyman-a emission diagnostic aims to provide a non intrusive and precise measurement of the electric field in plasma, using a beam of hydrogen atoms prepared in the metastable 2s state. The metastable particles are obtained by means of a proton beam extracted from a hydrogen plasma source, and neutralised by interaction with vaporised caesium. When a 2s atom enters a region where an electric field is present, it undergoes a transition to the 2p state （Stark mixing）. It then quickly decays to the ground level, emitting Lyman-a radiation, which is collected by a photomultiplier. The 2s → 2p transition rate is proportional to the square of the magnitude of the electric field, and depends on the field oscillation frequency （with peaks around l GHz）. By measuring the intensity of the Lyman-a radiation emitted by the beam it is possible to determine the magnitude of the field in a defined region. In this work, an analysis of the behaviour of the diagnostic under static or radiofrequency electric field is presented. Electric field simulations obtained with a finite element solver of Maxwell equations, combined with theoretical calculations of the Stark mixing transition rate, are used to develop a model for the interpretation of photomultiplier data. This method shows good agreement with experimental results for the static field case, and allows to measure the field magnitude for the oscillating case.

关键词： electric field measurement electromagnetic simulations Stark effect plasma diagnostics

A Conceptual Design Study for the Error Field Correction Coil Power Supply in JT-60SA

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第3期15卷 257-260页

作者： M.MATSUKAWA K.SHIMADA K.YAMAUCHI E.GAIO A.FERRO L.NOVELLO Japan Atomic Energy Agency 801-1 MukoyamaNakaIbaraki 311-0193Japan consorzio rfx-EURATOM ENEA Association C.so Stati Uniti 435127 PadovaItaly Fusion for Energy Boltzmannstr 2 Garching 85748Germany

This paper describes a conceptual design study for the circuit configuration of the Error Field Correction Coil （EFCC） power supply （PS） to maximize the expected performance with reasonable cost in JT-60SA. The EFCC consists of eighteen sector coils installed inside the vacuum vessel, six in the toroidal direction and three in the poloidal direction, each one rated for 30 kA-turn. As a result, star point connection is proposed for each group of six EFCC coils installed cyclically in the toroidal direction for decoupling with poloidal field coils. In addition~ a six phase inverter which is capable of controlling each phase current was chosen as PS topology to ensure higher flexibility of operation with reasonable cost.

关键词： JT-60SA error field correction coil power supply inverter multi-phase

Corrigendum to“Towards a business model for second-life batteries:Barriers,opportunities,uncertainties,and technologies”[J.Energy Chem.78(2023)507–525]

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 684-684页

作者： Carlos Antônio Rufino Júnior Eleonora Riva Sanseverino Pierluigi Gallo Daniel Koch Yash Kotak Hans-Georg Schweiger Hudson Zanin Advanced Energy Storage Division New Energy Innovation CenterUniversity of Campinas(UNICAMP)Campinas 13083-852Brazil Engineering Department University of Palermo(UNIPA)Palermo 90128Italy consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni(CNIT) Parma 43124Italy Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt Institute for ElectricConnected and Safe Mobility(C-ECOS)Ingolstadt 85049Germany

In the Acknowledgments Section,please replace“Shell oil”for“TotalEnergies”.The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.For the sake of clarity(“Shell oil”should be removed and in boldblack“TotalEnergies”inserted),this section should say:The authors would like to thank Moura Batteries for the financial support.

关键词： please replace removed

Detailed Analysis of the Transient Voltage in a JT-60SA PF Coil Circuit

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第2期15卷 148-151页

作者： K. YAMAUCHI K. SHIMADA T. TERAKADO M. MATSUKAWA R. COLETTI A. LAMPASI E. GAIO A. COLETTI L. NOVELLO Japan Atomic Energy Agency 801-1 Mukoyama Naka Ibaraki 311-0193 Japan ENEA 1-00044 Frascati Rome Italy consorzio rfx Euratom-ENEA Association C.so Stati Uniti 4Padova Veneto 35127Italy Fusion for Energy Boltzmannstr 2Garching Bavaria 85748 Germany

A superconducting coil system is actually complicated by the distributed parameters, e.g. the distributed mutual inductance among turns and the distributed capacitance between adjacent conductors. In this paper, such a complicated system was modeled with a reasonably simplified circuit network with lumped parameters. Then, a detailed circuit analysis was conducted to evaluate the possible voltage transient in the coil circuit. As a result, an appropriate （minimum） snubber capacitance for the Switching Network Unit, which is a fast high voltage generation circuit in JT-60SA, was obtained.

关键词： JT-60SA power supply transient voltage snubber PSIM

Stable Methylammonium-Free p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Modules with Phenothiazine Dimers as Hole-Transporting Materials

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第6期6卷 383-392页

作者： Luigi Angelo Castriotta Rossella Infantino Luigi Vesce Maurizio Stefanelli Alessio Dessì Carmen Coppola Massimo Calamante Gianna Reginato Alessandro Mordini Adalgisa Sinicropi Aldo Di Carlo Lorenzo Zani Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy(C.H.O.S.E.) Department of Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Rome Tor Vergata00133 RomeItaly Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds(cnr-ICCOM) Via Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of SienaVia Aldo Moro 253100 SienaItaly CSGI Consorzio per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseVia della Lastruccia 350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of Chemistry“U.Schiff” University of FlorenceVia della Lastruccia 1350019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Institute of Structure of Matter(cnr-ISM) Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10000133 RomeItaly

During the last decade,perovskite solar technologies underwent an impressive development,with power conversion efficiencies reaching 25.5%for single-junction devices and 29.8%for Silicon-Perovskite tandem configurations.Even though research mainly focused on improving the efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics(PV),stability and scalability remain fundamental aspects of a mature photovoltaics technology.For n-i-p structure perovskite solar cells,using poly-triaryl(amine)(PTAA)as hole transport layer(HTL)allowed to achieve marked improvements in device stability compared with other common hole conductors.For p-i-n structure,poly-triaryl(amine)is also routinely used as dopant-free hole transport layer,but problems in perovskite film growth,and its limited resistance to stress and imperfect batch-to-batch reproducibility,hamper its use for device upscaling.Following previous computational investigations,in this work,we report the synthesis of two small-molecule organic hole transport layers(BPT-1,2),aiming to solve the above-mentioned issues and allow upscale to the module level.By using BPT-1 and methylammonium-free perovskite,max.Power conversion efficiencies of 17.26%and 15.42%on a small area(0.09 cm^(2))and mini-module size(2.25 cm^(2)),respectively,were obtained,with a better reproducibility than with poly-triaryl(amine).Moreover,BPT-1 was demonstrated to yield more stable devices compared with poly-triaryl(amine)under ISOS-D1,T1,and L1 accelerated life-test protocols,reaching maximum T_(90)values>1000 h on all tests.

关键词： methylammonium-free perovskite mini-modules organic hole-transporting layers perovskite solar cells stability studies

A systematic investigation of radiation collapse for disruption avoidance and prevention on JET tokamak

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第4期8卷 55-75页

作者： R.Rossi M.Gelfusa T.Craciunescu L.Spolladore I.Wyss E.Peluso J.Vega C.F.Maggi J.Mailloux M.Maslov A.Murari on behalf of JET Contributors Department of Industrial Engineering University of Rome“Tor Vergata”via del Politecnico 1RomaItaly National Institute for Laser Plasma and Radiation PhysicsMagurele-BucharestRomania Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión CIEMATAv.Complutense 4028040 MadridSpain UKAEA-CCFE Culham Science CentreAbingdon OX143DBUnited Kingdom consorzio rfx(cnr ENEAINFNUniversitàdi PadovaAcciaierie Venete SpA)Corso Stati Uniti 435127 PadovaItaly Istituto per la Scienza e la Tecnologia dei Plasmi CNRPadovaItaly EUROfusion Consortium JETCulham Science CentreAbingdon OX143DBUnited Kingdom

To produce fusion reactions efficiently,thermonuclear plasmas have to reach extremely high temperatures,which is incompatible with their coming into contact with material surfaces.Confinement of plasmas using magnetic fields has progressed significantly in the last years,particularly in the tokamak configuration.Unfortunately,all tokamak devices,and particularly metallic ones,are plagued by catastrophic events called disruptions.Many disruptions are preceded by anomalies in the radiation patterns,particularly in ITER-relevant scenarios.These specific forms of radiation emission either directly cause or reveal the approaching collapse of the configuration.Detecting the localization of these radiation anomalies in real time requires an innovative and specific elaboration of bolometric measurements,confirmed by visible cameras and the inversion of sophisticated tomographic algorithms.The information derived from these measurements can be interpreted in terms of local power balances,which suggest a new quantity,the radiated power divided by the plasma internal energy,to determine the criticality of the plasma state.Combined with robust indicators of the temperature profile shape,the identified anomalous radiation patterns allow determination of the sequence of macroscopic events leading to disruptions.A systematic analysis of JET campaigns at high power in deuterium,full tritium,and DT,for a total of almost 2000 discharges,proves the effectiveness of the approach.The warning times are such that,depending on the radiation anomaly and the available actuators,the control system of future devices is expected to provide enough notice to enable deployment of effective prevention and avoidance strategies.

关键词： tokamak prevention approaching

Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach–Zehnder interferometers

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Photonics Research 2016年第2期4卷 57-60页

作者： V.Toccafondo C.J.Oton consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna

We describe and experimentally demonstrate a measuring technique for Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI)based integrated photonic biochemical sensors. Our technique is based on the direct measurement of phase changes between the arms of the MZI, achieved by signal modulation on one of the arms of the interferometer together with pseudoheterodyne detection, and it allows us to avoid the use of costly equipment such as tunable light sources or spectrum analyzers. The obtained output signal is intrinsically independent of wavelength, power variations, and global thermal variations, making it extremely robust and adequate for use in real conditions. Using a silicon-on-insulator MZI, we demonstrate the real-time monitoring of refractive index variations and achieve a detection limit of 4.1 × 10^(-6)refractive index units(RIU).

关键词： Robust and low-cost interrogation technique for integrated photonic biochemical sensors based on Mach Zehnder interferometers

Comparison of PM_(10) concentrations and metal content in three different sites of the Venice Lagoon: An analysis of possible aerosol sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第11期24卷 1954-1965页

作者： Daniele Contini Franco Belosi Andrea Gambaro Daniela Cesari Angela Maria Stortini Maria Chiara Bove Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate ISAC-CNRLecceItaly Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate ISAC-CNRBolognaItaly Department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and StatisticsUniversity Ca'Foscari of VeniceVeneziaItaly Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate ISAC-CNRLecceItaly. Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes IDPA-CNRVeneziaItaly

The Venice Lagoon is exposed to atmospheric pollutants from industrial activities, thermoelectric power plants, petrochemical plants, incinerator, domestic heating, ship traffic, glass factories and vehicular emissions on the mainland. In 2005, construction began on the mobile dams （MOSE）, one dam for each channel connecting the lagoon to the Adriatic Sea as a barrier against high tide. These construction works could represent an additional source of pollutants. PM10 samples were taken on random days between 2007 and 2010 at three different sites： Punta Sabbioni, Chioggia and Malamocco, located near the respective dam construction worksites. Chemical analyses of V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, Sb, T1 and Pb in PM10 samples were performed by Inductively coupled plasma- quadrupole mass spectrometry （ICP-QMS） and results were used to identify the main aerosol sources. The correlation of measured data with meteorology, and source apportionment, failed to highlight a contribution specifically associated to the emissions of the MOSE construction works. The comparison of the measurements at the three sites showed a substantial homogeneity of metal concentrations in the area. Source apportionment with principal component analysis （PCA） and positive matrix factorization （PMF） showed that a four principal factors model could describe the sources of metals in PM10. Three of them were assigned to specific sources in the area and one was characterised as a source of mixed origin （anthropogenic and crustal）. A specific anthropogenic source of PM10 rich in Ni and Cr, active at the Chioggia site, was also identified.

关键词： MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico metals Venice Lagoon PM10 principal component analysis positive matrixfactorization

Towards a business model for second-life batteries: Barriers,opportunities, uncertainties, and technologies

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第3期78卷 507-525,I0014页

Electric vehicles(EVs) and the recent pandemic outbreak give cities a new trend to primarily private and shared mobility with low noise and less air pollution.Crucial factors for the widespread of EVs are the electrical charging infrastructure,driving range,and the reduction of the cost of battery packets.For this reason,there is a massive effort from manufacturers,governments,and the scientific community to reduce battery costs and boost sustainable electrical production and distribution.Battery reuse is an alternative to reduce batteries’ costs and environmental impacts.Second-life batteries can be used in a wide variety of secondary applications.Second-life batteries can be connected with off-grid or on-grid photovoltaic and wind systems,vehicle charging stations,forklifts,and frequency control.The present work aims to analyze the main challenges imposed on the reuse of batteries,the leading technologies for their reuse,and the different types of batteries in terms of their feasibility for second-life use.The main novelty of this work is the discussion about the barriers,opportunities,uncertainties,and technologies for the second life market.Here we summarize the present state of the art in reusing lithium-ion batteries discussing technical and economic feasibility,environmental impacts,and perspectives.The results show five business models that have been proposed in the literature,three types of markets for trading second-life batteries,and the main opportunities and barriers for each actor in the battery supply chain.

关键词： Business models Batteries Sustainability Electric vehicles Challenges Opportunities Lithium-ion batteries Reuse