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engineering 2024年第3期34卷 195-211页

作者： Jacopo Aguzzi laurenz Thomsen Sascha Flögel Nathan J.Robinson Giacomo Picardi Damianos Chatzievangelou Nixon Bahamon Sergio Stefanni Jordi Grinyó emanuela Fanelli Cinzia Corinaldesi Joaquin Del Rio Fernandez Marcello Calisti Furu Mienis elias Chatzidouros Corrado Costa Simona Violino Michael Tangherlini Roberto Danovaro Instituto de Ciencias del Mar(ICM-CSIC) Barcelona 08003Spain Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples 80121Italy University of Gothenburg Göteborg 40530Sweden GeOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 24148Germany Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana Valencia 46013Spain Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ) Den Burg Texel 1790 ABNetherlands Polytechnic University of Marche(UNIVPM) Ancona 60131Italy SARTI-MAR of the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya(UPC) Vilanova i la Geltrú08800Spain lincoln Institute for Agri-food Technology University of LincolnLincoln LN22LGUK engitec Systems International limited Limassol 3083Cyprus consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria(CReA) Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariMonterotondo 00015Italy

The United Nations(UN)’s call for a decade of“ecosystem restoration”was prompted by the need to address the extensive impact of anthropogenic activities on natural *** ecosystem restoration is increasingly necessary due to increasing habitat degredation in deep waters(>200 m depth).At these depths,which are far beyond those accessible by divers,only established and emerging robotic platforms such as remotely operated vehicles(ROVs),autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),landers,and crawlers can operate through manipulators and multiparametric sensor arrays(e.g.,optoacoustic imaging,omics,and environmental probes).The use of advanced technologies for deep-sea ecosystem restoration can provide:①high-resolution three-dimensional(3D)imaging and acoustic mapping of substrates and key taxa,②physical manipulation of substrates and key taxa,③real-time supervision of remote operations and long-term ecological monitoring,and④the potential to work ***,we describe how robotic platforms with in situ manipulation capabilities and payloads of innovative sensors could autonomously conduct active restoration and monitoring across large spatial *** expect that these devices will be particularly useful in deep-sea habitats,such as①reef-building cold-water corals,②soft-bottom bamboo corals,and③soft-bottom fishery resources that have already been damaged by offshore industries(i.e.,fishing and oil/gas).

关键词： ecosystem restoration Robotic manipulation Acoustic tracking Fishery resources Artificial reefs

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Sampling strategies for estimating forest cover from remote sensing-based two-stage inventories

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Forest ecosystems 2015年第3期2卷 208-219页

作者： Piermaria Corona lorenzo Fattorini Maria Chiara Pagliarella consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Forestry Research Centre University of Siena-Department of economic and Statistics University of Molise-Department of Biosciences and Territory

Background: Remote sensing-based inventories are essential in estimating forest cover in tropical and subtropical countries, where ground inventories cannot be performed periodically at a large scale owing to high costs and forest inaccessibility(e.g. ReDD projects) and are mandatory for constructing historical records that can be used as forest cover baselines. Given the conditions of such inventories, the survey area is partitioned into a grid of imagery segments of pre-fixed size where the proportion of forest cover can be measured within segments using a combination of unsupervised(automated or semi-automated) classification of satellite imagery and manual(i.e. visual on-screen)enhancements. Because visual on-screen operations are time expensive procedures, manual classification can be performed only for a sample of imagery segments selected at a first stage, while forest cover within each selected segment is estimated at a second stage from a sample of pixels selected within the segment. Because forest cover data arising from unsupervised satellite imagery classification may be freely available(e.g. landsat imagery)over the entire survey area(wall-to-wall data) and are likely to be good proxies of manually classified cover data(sample data), they can be adopted as suitable auxiliary ***: The question is how to choose the sample areas where manual classification is carried out. We have investigated the efficiency of one-per-stratum stratified sampling for selecting segments and pixels, where to carry out manual classification and to determine the efficiency of the difference estimator for exploiting auxiliary information at the estimation level. The performance of this strategy is compared with simple random sampling without ***: Our results were obtained theoretically from three artificial populations constructed from the landsat classification(forest/non forest) available at pixel level for a study area located in central Italy,

关键词： Spatially balanced sampling Auxiliary information

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Carbon concentrations and carbon storage capacity of three old-growth forests in the Sila National Park,Southern Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 233-242页

作者： Giovanni Di Matteo Giuseppe luzzi Antonio Basile Angelo Sposato Giada Bertini Ulderico Neri Bruno Pennelli Rosario Napoli Pierfrancesco Nardi consiglio per la ricerca e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment(CREA-AA)Via della Navicella 2-400184 RomeItaly Sila National Park Via NazionaleLorica Di San Giovanni in Fiore87055 CosenzaItaly consiglio per la ricerca e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Research Centre for Forestry and Wood(CREA-FL)Viale Santa Margherita 8052100 ArezzoItaly

Old-growth forests play a key-role in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) concentrations by storing large CO_(2)amounts in biomass and soil over *** quantifies the carbon pool into different forest compartments in three Mediterranean old-growth forests of Southern Italy populated by Pinus laricio,Fagus sylvatica and Abies *** carbon pools have been assessed per compartment,i.e.,living trees,dead wood,litterfall(foliar and woody),roots and 0-20 cm topsoil,combining the whole old-growth forest mass,(i.e.,using tree allometric relationships,deadwood factor conversions,root-to-shoot ratios,litterfall and soil samplings) by the respective organic carbon *** results show the considerable capacity of these forest ecosystems in storing CO_(2)in biomass and soil,with carbon pool values ranging from 532.2to 596.5 Mg C *** trees and 0-20 cm topsoil had larger carbon pool,contributing 53.0 and 22.1%,*** most cases,organic carbon concentration was higher(more than 60%) than the average carbon conversion rate of 50%,especially in living trees,deadwood,and woody *** study contributes further scientific evidence of the capacity of old-growth forests in storing CO_(2)in their different compartments,with special evidence on tree biomass,litterfall and mineral soil,thereby highlighting the key role of old-growth forests within the challenge of climate change mitigation.

关键词： ecosystem carbon pool Organic carbon concentration ecosystem compartment Climate change mitigation Carbon forestry

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Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Reduced CH4 emissions but Triggered N2O Peaks in a Clayey Soil of Central Italy

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 533-548页

作者： Alessandra laGOMARSINO Alessandro elio AGNellI Bruce lINQUIST Maria Arlene ADVIeNTO-BORBe Alberto AGNellI Giacomo GAVINA Stefano RAVAGlIA Rossana Monica FeRRARA consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria centro di ricerca per l'Agro Biologia e la Pedologia 50121 Firenze Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Universita di Perugia 06123 Perugia Societa Italiana Sementi S. Lazzaro di Savena 40068 Bologna consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments70125 Bari

Reducing CH4 and N20 emissions from rice cropping systems while sustaining production levels with less water requires a better understanding of the key processes involved. Alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation is one promising practice that has been shown to reduce CH4 emissions. However, little is known about the impact of this practice on N20 emissions, in particular under Mediterranean climate. To close this knowledge gap, we assessed how AWD influenced grain yield, fluxes and annual budgets of CH4 and N20 emissions, and global warming potential （GWP） in Italian rice systems over a 2-year period. Overall, a larger GWP was observed under AWD, as a result of high N20 emissions which offset reductions in CH4 emissions. In the first year, with 70% water reduction, the yields were reduced by 33%, CH4 emissions decreased by 97%, while N20 emissions increased by more than 5-fold under AWD as compared to PF; in the second year, with a 40% water saving, the reductions of rice yields and CH4 emissions （13% and 11%, respectively） were not significant, but N20 fluxes more than doubled. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic soil conditions resulted in the highest N20 fluxes under AWD. The duration of flooding, transition to aerobic conditions, water level above the soil surface, and the relative timing between fertilization and flooding were the main drivers affecting greenhouse gas mitigation potential under AWD and should be carefully planned through site-specific management options.

关键词： aerobic soil conditions fertilization global warming potential greenhouse gas mitigation potential water saving

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effects of bioenergy production on environmental sustainability:a preliminary study based on expert opinions in Italy and Turkey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1611-1626页

作者： Tugba Deniz Alessandro Paletto Department of Forest economics Faculty of ForestryIstanbul University34473 BahcekoyIstanbulTurkey consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria-Research Centre for Forestry and Wood(CReA) Piazza Nicolini638123 TrentoItaly

In future decades, initiatives on biomass-based energy development in europe should reduce fossil fuel dependence and help to combat climate change as required by the conference of the parties 21. In this context, forest biomass can play a key role within the bioenergy sector due to its high growth potential. The use of forest biomass for energy has positive and negative effects on other ecosystem services, on stand characteristics, and on forest management practices. The aim of this study is to analyse the effects of forest bioenergy production on six ecosystem services(biodiversity, recreation, landscape aesthetics,carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, water quality). These effects have been assessed by 80 experts in two countries(Italy and Turkey), considering two different forest management practices(clear-cutting of coppices and woody residue removal after felling in high forests). The results show that coppice clear-cutting has negative effects on almost all ecosystem services according to the experts’ opinions. The highest negative effects are on landscape aesthetics and soil protection. The effects of woody residue removal on biodiversity, carbon sequestration, soil erosion protection, and water quality are considered negative by the experts, while the effects on recreation activities and landscape aesthetics are considered positive. The highest negative effects of this forest management scenario are on soil protection and biodiversity. The experts’ opinions about the effects of forest management practices on ecosystem services can provide information to understand the environmental sustainability of bioenergy development in future years.

关键词： Forest biomass Bioenergy Forest management ecosystem services

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Assessment of slow deformations and landslide modelling in the urban area through a multi-methodological approach

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Journal of earth Science 2024年

作者： Fabio Ietto Massimo Conforti Cristiano Tolomei Federico Cella Giuseppe Cianflone Università degli Studi della Calabria， Dipartimento di Biologia， ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBeST)， Via P.Bucci， Cubo 15B， 87036 consiglio Nazionale Ricerche (CNR)， Istituto di ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI)， Via Cavour INGV-Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia， Via di Vigna Murata 605 Università di Camerino， Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologia， Sez.Geologia， Via Gentile III da Varano 27

Slow-moving landslides are widespread in the Mediterranean area， causing damage to the exposed facilities and economic losses in many countries. The recognition of slow-moving landslides in urban areas is always a difficult task to deal with because the presence of buildings， infrastructures， and human activities usually conceals the morphological signs of these landslide activities. So， in the last decades， numerous researchers have shown new methodologies to deepen the studies of similar instability phenomena. The present research is based on an integrated approach to investigate the landslide boundaries， type of movement， failure surface depth， and vulnerability state of buildings in Rota Greca village (Calabria region， southern Italy) affected by a slow-moving landslide. For this purpose， multi-source data were acquired through geological and geomorphological surveys， recognition of landslide-induced damage on the built environment， subsurface investigations (e.g.， continuous drill boreholes， Standard Penetration Test， Rock Quality Designation index and inclinometer monitoring)， laboratory tests (direct shear tests on undisturbed samples)， geophysical survey， and InSAR-derived map of deformation rates. The complete integration of multi-source data allowed for the construction of reliable landslide modelling with relative geotechnical properties. In addition， the cross-comparison between surface deformation data by SAR images and severity damage level collected on the exposed buildings enabled to obtain the vulnerability map of the built area. In particular， the achieved goals highlighted two failure surfaces at about -13 and -25 m depth， causing a high vulnerability value for the buildings allocated in the central portion of the Rota Greca village. The knowledge acquired by the multi-approach can be used to manage and implement appropriate landslide risk mitigation strategies， providing helpful advice and best practices to state-run organisations and stakeholder

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New Primers for Denaturing Gradient Gel electrophoresis Analysis of Nitrate-Reducing Bacterial Community in Soil

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Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 340-349页

作者： R.PASTORellI R.PICCOlO S.SIMONCINI S.laNDI consiglio per la ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura-Centro di ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia CRA-ABP

The narG gene is frequently used as a molecular marker for bacterial nitrate-reducing community analysis. In this study, a new set of primers targeting the narG gene was designed and applied to semi-nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGe） assay. The potential of the new primers was verified on DNA directly extracted from soils from five different experimental sites distributed in Central and Southern Italy. Specificity of the primers was determined by excision, amplification, and sequencing of bands resolved by DGGe. A phylogenetic analysis showed the correlation between the sequences retrieved from the soils studied and the narG sequences from βand y-Proteobacteria. These primers expanded the existing molecular tools for ecological study on the size and diversity of nitrate-reducing bacterial community in soil.

关键词： DNA gene sequence narG phylogenetic analysis Proteobacteria

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exposing vocabularies for soil as linked Open Data

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2015年第3期2卷 208-216页

作者： Giovanni l’Abate Caterina Caracciolo Valeria Pesce Guntram Geser Vassilis Protonotarios edoardo A.C.Costantini consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria(CReA) Agrobiology and Pedology Research CentreFirenzeItaly Global Forum on Agricultural Research RomeItaly Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations RomeItaly University of Alcala Alcala de HenaresSpain Salzburg Research SalzburgAustria

Standards to describe soil properties are well established,with many ISO specifications and a few international thesauri available for specific ***,in recent years,the european directive on "Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the european Community(INSPIRe)"has brought together most of the existing standards into a well defined ***,the adoption of these standards so far has not reached the level of semantic interoperability,defined in the paper,which would facilitate the building of data services that reuse and combine data from different *** paper reviews standards for describing soil data and reports on the work done within the eC funded agINFRA project to apply linked Data technologies to existing standards and data in order to improve the interoperability of soil *** main result of this work is ***,an RDF vocabulary for soil concepts based on the UMl INSPIRe model was ***,a KOS(Knowledge Organization System)for soil data was published and mapped to existing relevant KOS,based on the analysis of the SISI database of the CReA of *** work also has a methodological value,in that it proposes and applies a methodology to standardize metadata used in local scientific databases,a very common situation in the scientific ***,this work aims at contributing towards a wider adoption of the INSPIRe directive,by providing an RDF version of it.

关键词： Agriculture Soil Knowledge Organization Systems Vocabularies Resource Description Framework linked Open Data INSPIRe

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Rhynchophorus ferrugineus attack affects a group of compounds rather than rearranging Phoenix canariensis metabolic pathways

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 388-396页

作者： Antonio Giovino Federico Martinelli Sergio Saia consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria(CReA) Unita di ricerca per il recupero e la valorizzazione delle Specie Floricole Mediterranee(CREA-SFM)90011 Bagheria(PA)Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali(SAF) University of PalermoViale delle ScienzeEdif.490128 PalermoItaly Istituto euromediterraneo di Scienza e Tecnologia(IeMeST) Via E.Amari 12390139 PalermoItaly

The red palm weevil（RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus） is spreading worldwide and severely harming many palm species. However, most studies on RPW focused on insect biology, and little information is available about the plant response to the attack. In the present experiment, we used metabolomics to study the alteration of the leaf metabolome of Phoenix canariensis at initial（1^（st） stage） or advanced（2^（nd） stage）attack by RPW compared with healthy（unattacked） *** leaf metabolome significantly varied among treatments. At the 1^（st） stage of attack, plants showed a reprogramming of carbohydrate and organic acid metabolism; in contrast, peptides and lipid metabolic pathways underwent more changes during the 2^（nd） than 1^（st） stage of attack. enrichment metabolomics analysis indicated that RPW attack mostly affected a particular group of compounds rather than rearranging plant metabolic pathways. Some compounds selectively affected during the 1^（st） rather than 2^（nd） stage（e.g. phenylalanine; tryptophan; cellobiose;xylose; quinate; xylonite; idonate; and iso-threonate; cellobiotol and arbutine） are upstream events in the phenylpropanoid,terpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. These compounds could be designated as potential markers of initial RPW attack. However,further investigation is needed to determine efficient early screening methods of RPW attack based on the concentrations of these molecules.

关键词： early detection Mediterranean environment metabolomics palms plant borer

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Stereovision system for estimating tractors and agricultural machines transit area under orchards canopy

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2019年第1期12卷 1-5页

作者： Corrado Costa Paolo Febbi Federico Pallottino Massimo Cecchini Simone Figorilli Francesca Antonucci Paolo Menesatti consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria(CReA) Centro di ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni AgroalimentariVia della Pascolare 1600015 Monterotondo scaloRomeItaly Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science Tuscia UniversityVia S.Camillo de Lellis snc01100 ViterboItaly

Managing orchards requires delicate agricultural operations being typically carried out in narrow zones where the operators usually drive machineries under stress that could result in poor *** such conditions,the use of technology would help manage the machines to reduce the hazardous work and eventual damage to the *** safely drive a tractor,the driver needs to be aware of its surroundings,thus a stereovision system can provide helpful *** imaging has proven to be an effective three-dimensional vision ***,the range(or third coordinate)information is useful to detect the obstacle *** distances,when detected during agricultural operations,could be used to assist the operator in driving the tractor at regular or variable working speeds and eventually to provide manufacturers useful indications to model the form of ROPS(roll over protection structure).This study aimed to verify the closeness of agreement between manual and stereo-image measurements,and thus to provide helpful information regarding safety and working *** system used a custom low-cost dual web-camera in combination with an image analysis algorithm in order to automatically extract the information *** independent measurements were carried out using a metric tape(sensitivity 1 cm).A regular structure was used for the analysis:four rows of ten trees each *** red and blue paper markers were placed on the hazelnut trees(two per tree)of two couples of rows for enhanced *** each couple of trees(one on the right,the other on the left),the four markers formed a trapezoid that was *** results of the analysis demonstrated that the stereo vision provided distance measurements with reasonable accuracy(errore range of distances lower than 20 *** resolution assessed for the developed video system is suitable for obtaining distance information in real *** information could be used to assist drivers t

关键词： stereovision precision agriculture digital agriculture hazelnut canopy ROPS orchards

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