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Orchestrating stem cell fate: Novel tools for regenerative medicine

World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第8期11卷 464-475页

作者： Sara Cruciani Sara Santaniello Andrea Montella Carlo Ventura Margherita Maioli Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari Sassari 07100 Italy Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – Eldor Lab Innovation Accelerator Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Bologna 40129 Italy Operative Unit of Clinical Genetics and Developmental Biology Sassari 07100 Italy Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Cagliari 09042 Italy Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming-CEDEBIOR Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Sassari Sassari 07100 Italy

Mesenchymal stem cells are undifferentiated cells able to acquire different phenotypes under specific stimuli. In vitro manipulation of these cells is focused on understanding stem cell behavior, proliferation and pluripotency. Latest advances in the field of stem cells concern epigenetics and its role in maintaining self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Chemical and physical stimuli can modulate cell commitment, acting on gene expression of Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog, the main stemness markers, and tissue-lineage specific genes. This activation or repression is related to the activity of chromatin-remodeling factors and epigenetic regulators, new targets of many cell therapies. The aim of this review is to afford a view of the current state of in vitro and in vivo stem cell applications, highlighting the strategies used to influence stem cell commitment for current and future cell therapies. Identifying the molecular mechanisms controlling stem cell fate could open up novel strategies for tissue repairing processes and other clinical applications.

关键词： Stem cells Epigenetics Self-renewal In vitro differentiation Physical stimuli Stem cell fate Clinical practice Cell transplantation

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Overview and specifications of laser and target areas at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第1期9卷 94-102页

作者： Leonida A.Gizzi Luca Labate Federica Baffigi Fernando Brandi Giancarlo Bussolino Lorenzo Fulgentini Petra Köster Daniele Palla Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(INO-CNR)Sede Secondaria di Pisa56124 PisaItaly Istituto nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN) Sezione di Pisa56127 PisaItaly

We present the main features of the ultrashort, high-intensity laser installation at the Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory(ILIL) including laser, beam transport and target area specifications. The laboratory was designed to host laser–target interaction experiments of more than 220 TW peak power, in flexible focusing configurations, with ultrarelativistic intensity on the target. Specifications have been established via dedicated optical diagnostic assemblies and commissioning interaction experiments. In this paper we give a summary of laser specifications available to users,including spatial, spectral and temporal contrast features. The layout of the experimental target areas is presented, with attention to the available configurations of laser focusing geometries and diagnostics. Finally, we discuss radiation protection measures and mechanical stability of the laser focal spot on the target.

关键词： high-intensity laser laser focusing laser–plasma acceleration laboratory pointing stability radiation shielding ultrashort pulse amplification

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Topical delivery of nerve growth factor for treatment of ocular and brain disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1740-1750页

作者： Gemma Eftimiadi Marzia Soligo Luigi Manni Daniela Di Giuda Maria Lucia Calcagni Antonio Chiaretti Institute of Pediatrics Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)RomeItaly Institute of Translational Pharmacology Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR)RomeItaly Institute of Nuclear Medicine Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino GemelliIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)RomeItaly

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease eye drops group B streptococcus meningitis glioma intranasal delivery neurotrophic keratitis nerve growth factor proNGF stroke traumatic brain injury

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CYP72A67 Catalyzes a Key Oxidative Step in Medicago truncatula Hemolytic Saponin Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1493-1506页

作者： Elisa Biazzi Maria Carelli Aldo Tava Pamela Abbruscato Ilaria Losini Pinarosa Avato Carla Scotti Ornella Calderini consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e I'analisi dell'economia agraria (CRA) Centro di Ricerche per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero Casearie 26900 Lodi Italy Parco Tecnologico Padano 26900 Lodi Italy Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco Universita degli Studi di Bad Aldo Moro 70125 Bari Italy consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (cnr) Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse 06128 Perugia Italy These authors contributed equally to this article.

In the Medicago genus, triterpenic saponins are bioactive secondary metabolites constitutively synthesized in the aerial and subterranean parts of plants via the isoprenoid pathway. Exploitation of saponins as pharmaceutics, agrochemicals and in the food and cosmetic industries has raised interest in identifying the enzymes involved in their synthesis. We have identified a cytochrome P450 （CYP72A67） involved in hemolytic sapogenin biosynthesis by a reverse genetic TILLING approach in a Medicago truncatula ethyl- methanesulfonate （EMS） mutagenized collection. Genetic and biochemical analyses, mutant complementation, and expression of the gene in a microsome yeast system showed that CYP72A67 is responsible for hydroxylation at the C-2 position downstream of oleanolic acid synthesis. The affinity of CYP72A67 for substrates with different substitutions at multiple carbon positions was investigated in the same in vitro yeast system, and in relation to two other CYP450s （CYP72A68） responsible for the production of medicagenic acid, the main sapogenin in M. truncatula leaves and roots. Full sib mutant and wild-type plants were compared for their sapogenin profile, expression patterns of the genes involved in sapogenin synthesis, and response to inoculation with Sinorhizobium meliloti. The results obtained allowed us to revise the hemolytic sapogenin pathway in M. truncatula and contribute to highlighting the tissue specificities （leaves/roots） of sapogenin synthesis.

关键词： Medicago truncatula saponin pathway cytochrome P450 CYP72A67 CYP72A68 TILLING analysis

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Relationship of Morpho-Sedimentological Variations to the Fate of Hg-and Zn-Polluted Sediments in the Contaminated Site of Porto Marghera,Lagoon of Venice,Italy

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第4期4卷 37-49页

作者： Emanuela Molinaroli Alessandro Sarretta Jorge Ade Souza Guimaraes Margherita Botter Daniele Cassin Stefano Guerzoni Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica Universita Ca’Foscari VeneziaVeneziaItaly cnr—consiglio nazionale delle ricerche ISMAR—Istituto di Scienze MarineBolognaItaly Coastal Planning&Engineering do Brasil Santo Antonio de LisboaFlorianopolisBrasil cnr—consiglio nazionale delle ricerche ISMAR—Istituto di Scienze MarineVeneziaItaly cnr—consiglio nazionale delle ricerche ISMAR—Istituto di Scienze MarineLesinaItaly

New data collected from twenty-six sites during 2008 inthe contaminated Site of National Interest (SIN) of Porto Marghera within the Lagoon of Venice (Italy), which has been affected by the presence of an industrial zone for the last 80 years, were compared with data from a campaign performed in the same site 30 years before (1976-1978). The SIN was found to be heavily polluted in the earlier study, and several tons of Hg and Zn are still stored in soils and industrial channel sediments, potentially affecting the lagoon part of the SIN. Bathymetric variations, grain-size, Hg and Zn content in sediments were analysed. The severe contamination of the late 1970s (Hg 1.7 μg/g;Zn 754 μg/g) had fallen by the late 2000s (Hg 0.9 μg/g;Zn 225 μg/g). The fall in Hg and Zn contamination over the 30-year period was mainly linked to the patterns of geomorphological change inside the SIN that affected two distinct sub-areas: 1) a stable-depositional (SD) area in the Northern part, which exerted a “dilution” effect on contaminants, with significant deposition (~11%) of coarse-grained sediments (63 - 8 μm), and 2) an area characterised by moderate-to-severe-erosion (MSE) to the South, which saw the loss (~13%) of pollutant-bearing fine-grained sediments (sion if hydrodynamic conditions change in the future. This study provides useful support to decision-making systems by helping to select hot-spots for remediation measures.

关键词： Lagoon of Venice Sediment Pollution Bathymetry Erosion-Sedimentation Grain-Size Management Plan

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A New Physical Interpretation of Archimedes’ Principle

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第1期6卷 215-223页

作者： Giancarlo Cavazzini consiglio nazionale delle ricerche Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse Padova Italy

The interpretation of the equilibrium of a solid body floating on the surface of a liquid body is well known as the “Archimedes’ Principle”. Presently, the equilibrium of the solid body is interpreted as the result of the concurrence of two mechanical actions which are equivalent and opposite: the “weight” of the body, directed downwards, and the “Archimedes’ force” having a magnitude equivalent to the weight of the volume of liquid displaced by the volume of the body immersed in the liquid, directed upwards. We show arguments proving that this interpretation is not a correct physical interpretation. The same arguments show that a new different interpretation is a correct one. The new interpretation is based on the hypothesis that the “weight” of a body immersed in a body-medium is proportional to the volume of the body immersed in the body-medium and to the difference in density between the matter of the body and the matter of the body-medium. Accordingly, if a body is completely immersed in a body-medium, there is only one mechanical action on the body. This action may be downwards or upwards, or its magnitude may be zero. In this last case, the body is in equilibrium within the body-medium.

关键词： Archimedes’ Principle Buoyancy Density Weight

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Electromagnetic chirality induced by graphene inclusions in multilayered metamaterials

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Photonics Research 2014年第5期2卷 121-125页

作者： Carlo Rizza Elia Palange Alessandro Ciattoni Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Universitàdell’Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100 ComoItaly consiglio nazionale delle ricerche CNR-SPIN67100 Coppito L’AquilaItaly Dipartimento di Scienze fisiche e chimiche Universitàdi L’Aquilavia Vetoio67100 Coppito L’AquilaItaly

We theoretically investigate the electromagnetic response of a novel class of multilayered metamaterials obtained by alternating graphene sheets and dielectric layers,the whole structure not exhibiting a plane of reflection symmetry along the stacking *** show that the electromagnetic response of the structure is characterized by a magneto-electric coupling described by an effective chiral *** the intrinsic tunability of graphene–light coupling,we prove that one can tune both the dielectric and the chiral electromagnetic response by varying the graphene chemical potential through external voltage gating.

关键词： parameter. dielectric chiral

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Evaluation of Durability Conferred by an Oleothermic Treatment on Chestnut and <i>Douglas fir</i>through Laboratory and in Field Tests

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Open Journal of Forestry 2013年第2期3卷 66-69页

作者： Sabrina Palanti cnr IVALSA Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree Sesto Fiorentino Italy

The research evaluated two wood species, chestnut and Douglas fir, that are widespread in Tuscany, treated with an oleothermicprocess. Efficacy of this treatment against fungal decay was assessed through laboratory and field tests. The aim of this research was to investigate if an oleothermic process could add value to these natural resources when utilized in Use Class 4 (EN 335) for agricultural purposes such as vineyard poles. The treatment was effective on sapwood of both wood species in laboratory test, giving a protection similar to the untreated heartwood but in case of chestnut, it was easily washed away. In field test the leaching during the outdoor exposure reduced the resistance to fungal decay in both species.

关键词： Conferred Durability Chestnut Douglas fir Oleothermic Treatment

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Fundamental limits for transmission modulation in VO_(2) metasurfaces

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Photonics Research 2023年第1期11卷 I0002-I0011页

作者： BOHAN LI ROCIO CAMACHO-MORALES NEUTON LI ANDREA TOGNAZZI MARCO GANDOLFI DOMENICO DE CEGLIA COSTANTINO DE ANGELIS ANDREY A.SUKHORUKOV ANDDRAGOMIR N.NESHEV ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia Department of Engineering University of PalermoPalermo 90128Italy Istituto nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheBrescia 25123Italy Department of Information Engineering University of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy

The interest in dynamic modulation of light by ultra-thin materials exhibiting insulator–metal phase transition,such as VO_(2),has rapidly grown due to the myriad industrial applications,including smart windows and optical ***,for applications in the telecommunication spectral band,the light modulation through a thin VO_(2) film is low due to the presence of strong material ***,we demonstrate tailored nanostructuring of VO_(2) to dramatically enhance its transmission modulation,reaching a value as high as 0.73,which is 2 times larger than the previous modulation *** resulting designs,including free-topology optimization,demonstrate the fundamental limit in acquiring the desired optical performance,including achieving positive or negative transmission *** results on nanophotonic management of lossy nanostructured films open new opportunities for applications of VO_(2) metasurfaces.

关键词： surfaces desired smart

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Deep reinforcement learning for quantum multiparameter estimation

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第1期5卷 58-70页

作者： Valeria Cimini Mauro Valeri Emanuele Polino Simone Piacentini Francesco Ceccarelli Giacomo Corrielli NicolòSpagnolo Roberto Osellame Fabio Sciarrino Sapienza Universitàdi Roma Dipartimento di FisicaRomaItaly Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMilanoItaly

Estimation of physical quantities is at the core of most scientific research,and the use of quantum devices promises to enhance its *** real scenarios,it is fundamental to consider that resources are limited,and Bayesian adaptive estimation represents a powerful approach to efficiently allocate,during the estimation process,all the available ***,this framework relies on the precise knowledge of the system model,retrieved with a fine calibration,with results that are often computationally and experimentally *** introduce a model-free and deep-learning-based approach to efficiently implement realistic Bayesian quantum metrology tasks accomplishing all the relevant challenges,without relying on any a priori knowledge of the *** overcome this need,a neural network is trained directly on experimental data to learn the multiparameter Bayesian *** the system is set at its optimal working point through feedback provided by a reinforcement learning algorithm trained to reconstruct and enhance experiment heuristics of the investigated quantum ***,we prove experimentally the achievement of higher estimation performances than standard methods,demonstrating the strength of the combination of these two black-box algorithms on an integrated photonic *** work represents an important step toward fully artificial intelligence-based quantum metrology.

关键词： quantum sensing integrated photonics machine learning for metrology

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