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Road induced edge effects on a forest bird community in tropical Asia

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 123-135页

作者： Daphawan Khamcha Richard T.Corlett Larkin A.Powell Tommaso Savini Antony J.Lynam George A.Gale conservation ecology program School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Center for Integrative conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska-Lincoln Wildlife conservation Society Global Conservation Program

Background: Edge effects cause changes in bird community richness, abundance, and/or distribution within a landscape, but the avian guilds most influenced can vary among regions. Although Southeast Asia has the highest rates of deforestation and projected species loss, and is currently undergoing an explosive growth in road infrastructure, there have been few studies of the effects of forest edges on avian communities in this ***: We examined avian community structure in a dry evergreen forest in northeastern Thailand adjacent to a five-lane highway. We evaluated the richness and abundance of birds in 11 guilds at 24 survey points on three parallel transects perpendicular to the edge. At each point, 10-min surveys were conducted during February-August 2014 and March-August 2015. Vegetation measurements were conducted at 16 of the bird survey points and ambient noise was measured at all 24 survey ***: We found a strongly negative response to the forest edge for bark-gleaning, sallying, terrestrial, and understory insectivores and a weakly negative response for arboreal frugivore-insectivores, foliage gleaning insectivores, and raptors. Densities of trees and the percentage canopy cover were higher in the interior, and the ambient noise was lower. In contrast, arboreal nectarivore-insectivores responded positively to the forest edge, where there was a higher vegetation cover in the ground layer, a lower tree density, and a higher level of ambient ***: Planners should avoid road development in forests of high conservation value to reduce impacts on biodiversity. Where avoidance is impossible, a number of potential mitigation methods are available, but more detailed assessments of these are needed before they are applied in this region.

关键词： Road edge Avian guilds Dry evergreen forest Thailand

Spatial distribution of display sites of Grey Peacock-pheasant in relation to micro-habitat and predators during the breeding season

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 111-122页

作者： Somying Thunhikorn Matthew J.Grainger Philip J.K.McGowan Tommaso Savini conservation ecology program School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi School of Biology Newcastle University

Background： The destruction and fragmentation of forest in Southeast Asia is accelerating biodiversity loss, resulting in a range of management and conservation actions. For some species, a detailed understanding of microhabitat selection is critical for this, especially in the breeding ***： To understand the factors that explain how specific habitats are used by the Grey Peacock-pheasant（Polyplectron bicalcaratum） in the breeding season, we used camera trapping and microhabitat sampling to assess the microhabitat selection of males. We also looked at their interaction with predators in an area of 1200 m × 1200 m at the Hua Kha Khaeng Wildl fe Sanctuary, Tha land, between January and May ***： We show that display scrapes are situated on flatter open areas with small saplings and some vines, typified by low horizontal understory density. We hypothesise that this allows a trade-off between courtship display and the avoidance of predators. Our study showed that the position of Grey Peacock-pheasant display scrapes regularly overlapped with predators within the same microhabitat. We hypothesise that the species＇ behavioural responses to temporal variation in predation risk allows them to avoid most ***： Particular microhabitats are required for Grey Peacock-pheasant *** avoid predators at these places by being active when predators are not.

关键词： Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary Display scrape Species accumulation Predator-prey Polyplectron bicalcaratum

Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change:Potential and limitations

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 372-391页

作者： Luc De MEESTER Robby STOKS Kristien I.BRANS Laboratory of Aquatic ecology Evolution and ConservationLeuvenBelgium Evolutionary Stress ecology and Ecotoxicology LeuvenBelgium

Climate change profoundly impacts ecosystems and their biota,resulting in range shifts,novel interactions,food web alterations,changed intensities of host–parasite interactions,and *** increasing number of studies have documented evolutionary changes in traits such as phenology and thermal *** this opinion paper,we argue that,while evolutionary responses have the potential to provide a buffer against extinctions or range shifts,a number of constraints and complexities blur this simple ***,there are limits to evolutionary potential both in terms of genetic variation and demographic effects,and these limits differ strongly among taxa and ***,there can be costs associated with genetic adaptation,such as a reduced evolutionary potential towards other(human-induced)environmental stressors or direct fitness costs due to ***,the differential capacity of taxa to genetically respond to climate change results in novel interactions because different organism groups respond to a different degree with local compared to regional(dispersal and range shift)*** complexities result in additional changes in the selection pressures on *** conclude that evolution can provide an initial buffer against climate change for some taxa and populations but does not guarantee their *** does not necessarily result in reduced extinction risks across the range of taxa in a region or ***,considering evolution is crucial,as it is likely to strongly change how biota will respond to climate change and will impact which taxa will be the winners or losers at the local,metacommunity and regional scales.

关键词： climate change evolutionary rescue evolutionary constraints evolving metacommunities extinction risk range shifts

Improving effectiveness of protection efforts in tiger source sites:Developing a framework for law enforcement monitoring using MIST

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 363-377页

作者： Emma J.STOKES Wildlife conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNew YorkUSA

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past *** the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source *** 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement ***-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation *** present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data *** framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of *** of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to *** combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.

关键词： law enforcement monitoring MIST protected areas protection tigers

Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers:Transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 324-334页

作者： Antony J.LYNAM Wildlife conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronx New YorkUSA

A century ago,tigers(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758)were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests,and governments sponsored their *** loss and fragmentation,market-driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former *** 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding,national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly *** future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover *** a regional scale,the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and *** jacksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation *** where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability(likelihood of extinction)and irreplaceability(likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation)of tiger *** 1 site in Thailand supporting10000 km^(2))block of dry forest habitat available in the region.A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there.

关键词： conservation priorities Indochinese tigers irreplaceability threats vulnerability

Exposure to sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone alters sexual behavior and cuticular hydrocarbon profile in Heriades truncorum,an oligolectic solitary bee

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 859-869页

作者： Samuel Boff Manfred Ayasse Institute of Evolutionary ecology and conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

The aboveground oligolectic bee,Heriades truncorum,is a particularly good model for studying the impact of pesticides on sexual communication,since some aspects of its mating behavior have previously been *** have tested(1)the interference of the pesticide flupyradifurone on male precopulatory behavior and male mating partner preferences,(2)the way that the pesticide interferes in male quality assessment by the female,and(3)the effects of the pesticide on the chemical compounds in the female *** exposed bees of both sexes to a sublethal concentration of *** behaviors were registered in a mating arena with two females(one unexposed and one exposed)and one male(either unexposed or exposed).Unexposed males were quicker to attempt to *** also impacted precopulatory behavior and male quality assessment by *** approached unexposed females more quickly than insecticideexposed *** exposed to insecticide produced lower amounts of some cuticular hydrocarbons(sex pheromone candidates)and appeared less choosy than unexposed *** findings suggest that insecticide exposure affects sexual communication,playing a role both in male preference and in male quality assessment by the female.

关键词： courtship display female choice flupyradifurone male partner preference sex communication sublethal effects

Sex-speciffc selective effect of winter weather on morphological traits in a small passerine bird

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 166-173页

作者： Yue Wang Qian Hu Jiliang Xu Jianqiang Li School of ecology and Nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina

Harsh environmental conditions often impose strong selection on the phenotype of natural populations through impacts on their *** overwintering birds,winter is an important period for survival because the weather conditions in winter is usually severer than in other seasons and birds often suffer more thermoregulation costs while food is in short ***,the selective effect of weather conditions on phenotype in winter is expected to be *** this study,we examined the relationship of overwinter survival of Silver-throated Tits(Aegithalos glaucogularis)with their morphological traits under different levels of winter conditions(winters with and without snowstorms)to explore the differential selective effect of winter weather on their *** found that regardless of whether the winter experienced a snowstorm,the female Silver-throated Tits with a smaller bill surface area or smaller bill depth and a smaller surface area:volume ratio were more likely to survive during the winter,which supported the hypothesis of selection for heat ***,the females with a smaller body length survived better than the larger females,indicating that the lesser food requirements for smaller body sizes may confer advantages during the winter when food availability was *** addition,in agreement with the finding in many short-lived birds that survival rate increases with the increase of age,older(≥2-year-old)female Silver-throated Tits had higher overwinter survival than 1-year-old ***,we did not find any correlation of morphological traits and age with survival in male Silver-throated *** results illustrate differential selective effects of winter weather on female and male Silver-throated Tits and contribute to the knowledge of sex-specific selection on the phenotype of natural populations.

关键词： Aegithalos glaucogularis Age Morphological traits Natural selection Overwinter survival Sex-specific selection

The roles of anurans in antagonistic networks are explained by life-habit and body-size

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 530-542页

作者： Amanda Caroline DUDCZAK Gabriel Massaccesi DE LA TORRE Lorena EUCLYDES Karla Magalhães CAMPIÃO Department of Zoology Federal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil Postgraduate program in Zoology Federal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil Postgraduate program in ecology and conservation Federal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil

Interactions among living beings are the structuring basis of ecosystems,and studies of networks allow us to identify the patterns and consistency of such *** networks reflect the energy flow of communities,and identifying network structure and the biological aspects that influence its stability is crucial to understanding ecosystem *** used antagonistic anuran interactions-predator-prey and host-parasite-to assess structural patterns and to identify the key anuran species structuring these *** tested whether anuran body-size and life-habit are related to their roles in these *** collected individuals of 9 species of anurans from an area of the Atlantic Forest in Brazil and identified their prey and helminth *** used network(modularity,specialization,and nestedness)and centrality metrics(degree,closeness,and betweenness)to identify the role of anuran species in both *** then evaluated whether anuran body-size or life-habit were related to anuran centrality using generalized linear mixed *** networks formed specialized interactions in compartments composed by key species from different *** our networks,anurans with rheophilic and cryptozoic habit are central in predator-prey networks,and those with larger body size and arboreal and cryptozoic habit in the host-parasite *** study represents a step towards a better understanding of the influential factors that affect the structure of anuran antagonist networks,as well as to recognize the functioning roles of anuran species.

关键词： diet disease food web helminth infection network centrality

Use of evergreen and deciduous plants by nocturnal-roosting birds:A case study in Beijing

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 211-218页

作者： Yexi Zhao Jiayu Zhang Zihan Li Qinmijia Xie Xin Deng Chenxi Zhang Nan Wang School of ecology and Nature conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

With continually increasing urbanization,the land cover in urban areas continues to change,resulting in the loss of *** are highly sensitive to changes in *** forest birds perch on plants that provide increased safety to reduce the risk of predation,and small birds may also consider insulation when using roosting plants in winter because of cold *** plants thus shape the nocturnal roosting environment of urban birds,and proper planting is essential for the survival of birds at *** use of roosting plants by urban birds should therefore be studied to provide a reference for *** the current study,we observed 1865 nocturnal roosting birds in Beijing from 2021 to 2022,with 23 species of birds from 12 families and 45 species of plants from 22 families *** chinensis exhibited the highest bird rarity-weighted richness,followed by Fraxinus pennsylvanica,Phyllostachys propinqua,Pinus tabuliformis,and Ulmus *** diameter at breast height,tree height,and crown width of plants used by birds was largest in summer and smallest in winter,and the perch height of birds was the highest in spring and summer and the lowest in *** used the highest proportion of deciduous plants in summer and the highest proportion of evergreen plants in winter.A significant seasonal difference in the use of evergreen and deciduous plants by small birds was noted,with a preference for deciduous plants in summer and evergreen plants in winter,while this preference was not found in large *** findings indicate that evergreen plants provide a vital nocturnal roosting environment for small birds in *** provide a better nocturnal roosting habitat for urban birds,we recommend paying attention to the combination of evergreen and deciduous plants when carrying out landscape construction.

关键词： Nocturnal roosting Roosting plant Seasonal variation Urban bird