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Enterococcus faecalis provides protection during scavenging in carrion crow (Corvus corone)

Zoological Research 2024年第3期45卷 451-463页

作者： Bin Hu Jia-Min Wang Qing-Xun Zhang Jing Xu Ya-Nan Xing Bo Wang Shu-Yi Han Hong-Xuan He CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center Beijing 102600China Beijing Capital International Airport Co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China

The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem *** diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary *** carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging *** this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological *** present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely *** this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,*** findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion ***,*** isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica *** showed that *** down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented *** colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory ***,*** exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.

关键词： Carrion crow Facultative scavenger Gut microbiota Enterococcus faecalis 16S rRNA sequencing

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Natural forests exhibit higher organic carbon concentrations and recalcitrant carbon proportions in soil than plantations:a global data synthesis

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 131-141页

作者： Xiuqing Nie Hui Wang Jian Wang Shirong Liu Ecology and Nature conservation institute Chinese Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationNo.2 DongxiaofuHaidian DistrictBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China

Different chemical compositions of soil organic carbon(SOC)affect its persistence and whether it signifi-cantly differs between natural forests and plantations remains *** synthesizing 234 observations of SOC chemical compositions,we evaluated global patterns of concentra-tion,individual chemical composition(alkyl C,O-alkyl C,aromatic C,and carbonyl C),and their distribution *** results indicate a notably higher SOC,a markedly larger proportion of recalcitrant alkyl C,and lower easily decomposed carbonyl C proportion in natural ***-ever,SOC chemical compositions were appreciably more evenly distributed in *** on the assumed con-ceptual index of SOC chemical composition evenness,we deduced that,compared to natural forests,plantations may have higher possible resistance to SOC decomposition under *** tropical regions,SOC levels,recalcitrant SOC chemical composition,and their distributed evenness were significantly higher in natural forests,indicating that SOC has higher chemical stability and possible resistance to *** factors had minor effects on alkyl C in forests globally,while they notably affected SOC chemi-cal composition in tropical *** could contribute to the differences in chemical compositions and their distrib-uted evenness between plantations and natural stands.

关键词： Global data synthesis Natural forest Plantations Soil organic carbon Soil organic carbon chemical composition

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The piRNA size matters

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 96-98页

作者： Jingwen Liu Falong Lu State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Small RNAs, including small interfering RNAs(siRNAs), microRNAs(miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs(piRNAs), serve as pivotal agents in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression [1–3]. Among these,piRNAs t... 详细信息

关键词： PIWI

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Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is required for lipid export in the midgut of the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1618-1633页

作者： Yiyan Zhao Weimin Liu Xiaoming Zhao Zhitao Yu Hongfang Guo Yang Yang Hans Merzendorfer Kun Yan Zhu Jianzhen Zhang Research institute of Applied biology Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid BiopesticidesShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China College of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006China Interfaculty institute of Cell biology University of TubingenTubingen 72076Germany institute of biology University of SiegenSiegen 57076Germany Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2(LRP2)is a multifunctional endocytic receptor expressed in epithelial *** mammals,it acts as an endocytic receptor that mediates the cellular uptake of cholesterol-containing apolipoproteins to maintain lipid ***,little is known about the role of LRP2 in lipid homeostasis in *** the present study,we investigated the function of LRP2 in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria(LmLRP2).The mRNA of LmLRP2 is widely distributed in various tissues,including integument,wing pads,foregut,midgut,hindgut,Malpighian tubules and fat body,and the amounts of LmLRP2 transcripts decreased gradually in the early stages and then increased in the late stages before ecdysis during the nymphal developmental *** immunohistochemistry revealed that the LmLRP2 protein is mainly located in cellular membranes of the midgut and *** RNAi to silence LmLRP2 caused molting defects in nymphs(more than 60%),and the neutral lipid was found to accumulate in the midgut and surface of the integument,but not in the fat body,of dsLmLRP2-treated *** results of a lipidomics analysis showed that the main components of lipids(diglyceride and triglyceride)were significantly increased in the midgut,but decreased in the fat body and ***,the content of total triglyceride was significantly increased in the midgut,but markedly decreased in the fat body and hemolymph in dsLmLRP2-injected *** results indicate that LmLRP2 is located in the cellular membranes of midgut cells,and is required for lipid export from the midgut to the hemolymphand fat body in locusts.

关键词： Locusta migratoria low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 midgut lipids transport RNAi

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Bone marrow microRNA-34a is a good indicator for response to treatment in acute myeloid leukemia

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Oncology Research 2024年第3期32卷 577-584页

作者： MONA SA BDELLATEIF NAGLAA MHASSAN MAHMOUD MKAMEL YOMNA MEL-MELIGUI Department of Cancer biology Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNational Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt Department of Cinical Pathology National Cancer InstituteCairo UniversityCairo11976Egypt

Background:microRNA 34a(miR 34a)had been reported to have a diagnostic role in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).However,its value in the bone marrow(BM)of AML patients,in addition to its role in response to therapy is still *** current study was designed to assess the diagnostic,prognostic,and predictive significance of miR 34a in the BM of AML ***:The miR.34a was assed in BM aspirate of 82 AML patients in relation to 12 normal control subjects using *** data were assessed for correlation with the relevant dinical critenia,response to therapy,disease-free survival(DFS),and overall survival(OS)***:miR.34a was significantly downregulated in AML patients[0.005(3.3×10^(-6)-1.32)],compared to the control subjects[0.108(3.2× 10^(-4)-1.64),p=0.021].*** relative quantification(RQ)of miR-34a was 0.106(range;0-32.12).The specifaity,sensitivity,and area under the curve(AUC)for the diagnosis of AML were(58.3%,69.5%,0.707,respectively,p=0.021).patients with upregulated miR-34a showed decreased platelets count<34.5 × 10^(9)/L,and achieved early complete remission(CR,p=0.031,p=0.044,respectively).Similarly,patients who were refractory to therapy showed decreased miR 34a levels in comparison to those who achieved CR[0.002(0-0.01)and 0.12(0-32.12),respectively,p=0.002].Therefore,miR 34a could significantly identify patients with CR with a specificity of 75%and sensitivity of 100%at a cut-off of 0.014(AUC=0.927,p=0.005).There was no considerable association between miR-34a expression and survival rates of the induded AML ***:miR-34a could be a beneficial diagnostic biomarker for AML *** addition,it serves as a good indicator for response to therapy,which could possibly identify patients who are refractory to treatment with 100%sensitivity and 75%specificity.

关键词： AML miR 34a microRNA Leukemia

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Virus-like nanoparticle vaccines for inducing long-lasting immunity against infectious diseases

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 13-15页

作者： Yi-Nan Zhang Sarah Auclair Jiang Zhu Department of Integrative Structural and Computational biology The Scripps Research Institute Department of Immunology and Microbiology The Scripps Research Institute

Prophylactic vaccines that can generate long-lasting protective immune responses are needed for many infectious diseases. Efficient vaccination requires vaccine antigens to be retained and presented to B cells in lymp...

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Coupling changes of soil functional gene abundances and extracellular enzyme activities across the diagnostic horizons of agricultural Isohumosols

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 540-552页

作者： Zhuxiu LIU Haidong GU Xiaojing HU Zhenhua YU Yansheng LI Junjie LIU Jian JIN Xiaobing LIU Guanghua WANG State Key Laboratory of Black Soils conservation and Utilization Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesHarbin 150081(China) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049(China)

Soil functional microbial taxa and extracellular enzymes are involved in a variety of biogeochemical cycling *** many studies have revealed the vertical change patterns of microbial communities along soil profile,the general understanding of the coupling changes in the functional gene abundances(FGAs)and extracellular enzyme activities(EEAs)in soil profiles is still limited,which hinders us from revealing soil ecosystem ***,we comparatively investigated the FGAs and EEAs in the diagnostic A,B,and C horizons of soil profiles obtained from two suborders of Isohumosols(Mollisols),Ustic and Udic Isohumosols,in Northeast China based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and standard fluorometric techniques,*** distribution patterns of both FGAs and EEAs significantly distinguished by the two soil suborders and were also separated from A to C ***,the variations of EEAs and FGAs were greater in Udic Isohumosols compared to Ustic Isohumosols along soil profiles,and greater changes were observed in C horizon than in A *** FGAs and EEAs correspondently decreased along the soil ***,when normalized by soil organic carbon,the specific EEAs significantly increased in deep soil horizons,suggesting that microorganisms will input more resources to the production of enzymes to ensure microbial nutrient requirements under resource *** importantly,we revealed that soil microbial nutrient demands were limited by carbon(C)and phosphorus(P),and the C and P limitations significantly increased along soil profiles with a greater C limitation observed in Ustic Isohumosols than in Udic ***,our findings provided solid evidence showing the links between FGAs,EEAs,and microbial nutrient limitations,which would be helpful for a better understanding of the ecosystem processes in soil profiles.

关键词： ecoenzymatic stoichiometry microbial nutrient limitation microbial nutrient requirement Mollisols soil ecosystem process soil profile

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Renewable biosynthesis of isoprene from wastewater through a synthetic biology approach:the role of individual organic compounds

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 13-24页

作者： Min Yang Xianghui Li Weixiang Chao Xiang Gao Huan Wang Lu Lu State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for Materials Synthetic biology CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology of CASShenzhen Institute of Synthetic BiologyShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academic of ScienceShenzhen 518000China institute of Urban Ecology and Environmental Technology School of Materials and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhen 518055China

The biosynthesis of isoprene offers a more sustainable alternative to fossil fuel-based approaches,yet its success has been largely limited to pure organic compounds and the cost remains a *** study proposes a waste-to-wealth strategy for isoprene biosynthesis utilizing genetically engineered *** bacteria to convert organic waste from real food *** impact of organic compounds present in wastewater on *** growth and isoprene production was systematically *** results demonstrated that with filtration pretreatment of wastewater,isoprene yield,and production achieved 115 mg/g COD and 7.1 mg/(L·h),***,even without pretreatment,isoprene yield only decreased by~24%,indicating promising ***,maltose,glycerol,and lactate are effective substrates for isoprene biosynthesis,whereas starch,protein,and acetate do not support *** *** optimum C/N ratio for isoprene production was found to be 8:***,augmenting essential nutrients in wastewater elevated the isoprene yield increased to 159 mg/g *** wastewater biosynthesis significantly reduced the cost(44%–53%decrease,p-value<0.01)and CO_(2)emission(46%–55%decrease,p-value<0.01)compared with both sugar fermentation and fossil fuel–based *** study introduced a more sustainable and economically viable approach to isoprene synthesis,offering an avenue for resource recovery from wastewater.

关键词： Wastewater Resource recovery Genetic engineering Biosynthesis Isoprene

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Angiogenesis in diseases:A half-century excursion from the initial therapeutic concept to current clinical benefits

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 636-637页

作者： Yihai Cao Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell BiologyKarolinska InstituteStockholm 17177Sweden

Except a few tissues such as the cornea and cartilage that are avascular,blood vessels constitute a significant proportion of tissue masses in virtually all *** physiological conditions,the adult vasculature remains quiescent to retain tissue and organ homeostatic *** few or too many blood vessels are associated with the onset and progression of many *** response to injuries,most tissues undergo repair by switching on angiogenesis,a key process of new blood vessel formation.^([1])Similarly,angiogenesis is often active in pathological tissues,including tumors and ischemic tissues to aggravate disease progression.

关键词： injuries organs diseases

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Is the speed of adjusting to environmental change condition dependent?An experiment with house mice(Mus musculus)

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 350-360页

作者： Karem Lopez-Hervas Neelam Porwal Mathilde Delacoux Alexandros Vezyrakis Anja Guenther RG Behavioural Ecology of Individual Differences Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology24306 PlönGermany Department of Evolutionary biology Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityWieniawskiego 161-712 PoznańPoland Department for Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour78464 ConstanceGermany Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz78464 ConstanceGermany Animal Ecology Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam14469 PotsdamGermany

Environmental conditions change constantly either by anthropogenic perturbation or naturally across space and ***,a change in behavior is the frst response to changing *** fexibility can potentially improve an organism’s chances to survive and ***,we lack an understanding on the time-scale such behavioral adjustments need,how they actually affect reproduction and survival and whether behavioral adjustments are suffcient in keeping up with changing *** used house mice(Mus musculus)to test whether personality and life-history traits can adjust to an experimentally induced food-switch fexibly in adulthood or by intergenerational plasticity,that is,adjustments only becoming visible in the offspring *** lived in 6 experimental populations of semi-natural environments either on high or standard quality food for 4 *** showed previously that high-quality food induced better conditions and a less risk-prone ***,we tested whether the speed and/or magnitude of adjustment shows condition-dependency and whether adjustments incur ftness ***-history but not personality traits reacted fexibly to a food-switch,primarily by a direct reduction of reproduction and sloweddown *** whose parents received a food-switch developed a more active stress-coping personality and gained weight at a slower rate compared with their respective ***,the modulation of most traits was condition-dependent,with animals previously fed with high-quality food showing stronger *** study highlights that life-history and personality traits adjust at different speed toward environmental change,thus,highlighting the importance of the environment and the mode of response for evolutionary models.

关键词： animal personality context dependence environmental change Match-mismatch non-genetic inheritance phenotypic flexibility phenotypic plasticity

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