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＇Runs＇ from a run： A case of exercise induced ischemic colitis

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第4期8卷 302-304页

作者： Ahmed Faress Sameer Masood Ahmed Mian Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Division of Emergency Medicine the Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada Harvard School of Public health Harvard University Boston USA Department of community and Family Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Canada University health network Toronto ON Canada

Marathon running is a strenuous activity that placesstress on the gastrointestinal system.[1] In fact, 30% to81% of runners report gastrointestinal complaints, whichinclude bloating, abdominal cramps, rectal incontine... 详细信息

关键词： Marathon running strenuous activity placesstress

Childhood glaucoma profile in Dakahelia, Egypt: a retrospective study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第4期11卷 674-680页

作者： Tharwat H.Mokbel Eman M.El Hefney Sherein M.Hagras Ahmed A.ALNagdy Amani E.Badawi Manal A.Kasem Shereen M.El Shaer Mansoura Ophthalmic Center Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University community and Public health Department Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University

AIM： To analyze childhood glaucoma regarding its demographics, presentations, different causes and surgical modalities used among patients in Dakahelia and to apply the Childhood Glaucoma Research network（CGRN） classification retrospectively to evaluate its ***： A retrospective study in which the medical files of all glaucoma patients 〈16 years old presented to Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University from 2014 to 2017, were retrieved and analyzed. Collected data included： age, gender, laterality, visual acuity（VA）, refraction, intraocular pressure（IOP）, corneal diameter, cup-disc ratio, types and number of surgeries and antiglaucomatous drugs（AGD） at the first and last visit. Prevalence of different subtypes was calculated and means of clinical features were ***： A total of 305 eyes of 207 patients were included classified into 6 groups： primary congenital glaucoma（PCG）, juvenile open angle glaucoma（JOAG）, glaucoma associated with systemic disease, glaucoma associated with ocular anomalies, acquired glaucoma and glaucoma following cataract surgery. PCG was the predominant type（55.1%） followed by acquired glaucoma（29.5%）. Males represented 63.8% of the whole studied patients. Glaucoma associated with ocular anomaly group showed the youngest age at diagnosis（21.9±30.0 mo）. The shortest corneal diameter was recorded in post cataract group（10.4±0.5 mm）. Highest cup-disc ratio was found in the PCG group（P〈0.0005）. Glaucoma associated with systemic disease presented with the highest baseline IOP（34.5±5.0 mm Hg）. All the cases with PCG were treated surgically with 21.8% required more than one surgery. The majority of the patients（74.2%） in the acquired group were treated medically. Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy was the most frequent operation done, accounting for 34.5% of all primary surgeries. Ahmed valve implantation comprised 87% of the secondary surgeries. Acquired glaucoma group had the highest percent of eyes with good fin

关键词： childhood glaucoma classification Egypt epidemiology

Cholera outbreak caused by drinking lake water contaminated with human faeces in Kaiso Village,Hoima District,Western Uganda,October 2015

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1294-1300页

作者： David W.Oguttu A.Okullo G.Bwire P.Nsubuga A.R.Ario Uganda Public health Fellowship Program-Field Epidemiology Track P.O.Box 7272KampalaUganda Ministry of health KampalaUganda African Field Epidemiology network KampalaUganda

Background:On 12 October 2015,a cholera outbreak involving 65 cases and two deaths was reported in a fishing village in Hoima District,Western *** initial response by the local health department,the outbreak *** conducted an investigation to identify the source and mode of transmission,and recommend evidenceled interventions to control and prevent cholera outbreaks in this ***:We defined a suspected case as the onset of acute watery diarrhoea from 1 October to 2 November 2015 in a resident of Kaiso Village.A confirmed case was a suspected case who had Vibrio cholerae isolated from *** found cases by record review and active community case *** performed descriptive epidemiologic analysis for hypothesis *** an unmatched case-control study,we compared exposure histories of 61 cases and 126 controls randomly selected among asymptomatic village *** also conducted an environmental assessment and obtained meteorological data from a weather ***:We identified 122 suspected cases,of which six were culture-confirmed,47 were confirmed positive with a rapid diagnostic test and two *** two deceased cases had onset of the disease on 2 October and 10 October,*** rainfall occurred on 7-11 October;a point-source outbreak occurred on 12-15 October,followed by continuous community transmission for two *** residents usually collected drinking water from three lakeshore points-A,B and C:9.8%(6/61)of case-persons and 31%(39/126)of control-persons were found to usually use point A,21%(13/61)of case-persons and 37%(46/126)of control-persons were found to usually use point B(OR=1.8,95%CI:0.64-5.3),and 69%(42/61)of case-persons and 33%(41/126)of control-persons were found to usually use point C(OR=6.7;95%CI:2.5-17)for water *** case-persons(61/61)and 93%(117/126)of control-persons reportedly never treated/boiled drinking water(OR=∞,95%CIFisher:1.0-∞).The village’s piped water syste

关键词： Cholera Outbreak Faeces Lake water Uganda

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United States Preventive Services Draft Guidelines

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： Barry M Berger Bernard Levin Robert J Hilsden Medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation Scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of Medicine and community health Sciences University of Calgary

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Multitarget stool DNA Stool DNA The United States Preventive Services Task Force Cancer Intervention Surveillance Modeling network Fecal immunological technique Modeling Interval

Injury Induced Mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2010

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第11期5卷 441-448页

作者： Hossein Kazemeini Ardeshire Khosravi Seyed Jaber Mousavi Aminda Amanolahi Saeede Aghamohammadi Center for health network Management Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran Department of community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran

Introduction: To adequately measure population health, a health information system is essential. The main rationale for collecting routine data on population health is to provide information and evidence for designing and assessing health programs and to ensure that their objectives are being met. Accidents are one of the most predictable issues that constitute a major social and economic burden amongst communities, particularly in developing countries such as Iran. Methods: Among the available data provided by health information system, data on mortality are commonly used not only as health indicators but also as socioeconomic development indices. In Iran, two organizations, the National Organization for Civil Registration (NOCR) and the Ministry of health and Medical Education (MOH&ME) currently operate death registration systems. In this research, a cross-section of accident-cause of mortality data from the Ministry of health and Medical Education in the year 2004 to 2010 was employed. Results: The highest rate of injury caused deaths was due to road traffic accidents in all these years and in both sexes. Traffic accidents were first in the ranking of unintentional accidents, the next ranking were burns, sudden intoxication with drugs and toxicants and fall in order. The proportion of deaths due to accidents in relation to the total number of deaths due to unintentional injuries was 69.9 in 2006, 66.3 in 2007, 66.3 in 2008, 68.2 in 2009 and 65.5 in 2010. Discussion: From 2006 to 2010, two thirds of injury-caused deaths were related to transport accidents. Although no significant changes are observable in 5 years, we can observe a gradual decrease in death. Conclusion: As we can see in this research, the first rank in injuries is related to road traffic accidents. This should be as a priority for various organizations and policy makers should find an appropriate and logical solution to resolve this problem.

关键词： Mortality Iran From 2006 to 2010

Snack (Re)formulation in the Improvement of health Effects on Glycaemia and Satiety Responses: Preliminary Results

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 649-658页

作者： Mary R. Yan Elaine C. Rush Ruth Jackson Shamim B. Shaikh health and community Sciences Unitec Institute of Technology Auckland New Zealand AUT Food network Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Snacking impacts the overall quality of dietary patterns, nutrition and health outcomes. Highly processed snack foods are normally unhealthy due to higher saturated fat content, refined grains (carbohydrates), and artificial ingredients. Snack product (re)formulation using plant-based wholesome ingredients has the potential to improve health effects including glycaemia, satiety responses, and lipid metabolism. Oat (Avena sativa L.) has gained increased popularity as a food item in recent decades due to its perceived or real health benefits, principally related to the bran content of oats. We have developed a healthier snack prototype using rolled oats as main ingredients. Other ingredients include oat bran, dried fruits, and nuts. For initial trials, these ingredients were combined in various combinations and composition to produce a formula having a good nutrient profile score (≤4) that meets the criteria of FSANZ for making health-related claims. The proportions of the ingredients in the formula were adjusted to enable higher fiber and protein contents. From the initial 10 combinations prepared, one prototype was selected based on four quality attributes (visual appearance, texture, taste, and water activity). The selected prototype was tested for glycemic index (n = 10) and consumer liking (n = 67). Our preliminary results demonstrated that the prototype has a low glycemic index, <

关键词： Snack (Re)formulation Industrial Food Solutions Food Labelling Nutrition Public health

Estimating the pre-and post-diagnosis costs of tuberculosis for adults in Pakistan:household economic impact and costs mitigating strategies

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Global health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 319-328页

作者： Shama Razzaq Aysha Zahidie Zafar Fatmi health Services Academy Opposite National Institute of Health(NIH)Islama-badPakistan Aga Khan University Community Health Sciences Stadium RoadPO Box 3500Karachi 74800Pakistan

Background:Despite free tuberculosis(TB)care in Pakistan,patients still have to bear high costs,which push them into *** study estimated the pre-and post-diagnosis costs households bear for TB care,and investigated coping mechanisms among adults≥18 years in Karachi,***:We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising of 516 TB patients identified with completion of at least one month intensive treatment from four public sector health facilities from two institutes in Karachi,Pakistan.A standardized questionnaire to estimate patient’s costs was *** study outcomes were direct medical and non-medical costs,and indirect *** costs were estimated during pre-diagnostic and post-diagnostic phase which includes diagnostic,treatment,and hospitalization phases.A descriptive analysis including mean and standard deviation(±SD),median and interquartile range(IQR),and frequencies and proportions(%)was ***:Out of 516 TB patients,52.1%were female with a mean age of 32.4(±13.7)*** median costs per patient during the pre-diagnostic,diagnostic,treatment and hospitalization periods were estimated at USD63.8/PKR7,377,USD24/PKR2,755,USD10.5/PKR1,217,and USD349.0/PKR40,300,*** total household median cost was estimated at USD129.2/PKR14,919 per *** median indirect cost was estimated at USD52.0/PKR5,950 per *** total,54.1%of patients preferred and consulted private providers in the first place at the onset of symptoms,while,36%attended public healthcare services,5%and 4.1%went to dispensary and pharmacy,respectively,as a first point of ***:TB patients bear substantial out-of-pocket costs before they are enrolled in publically funded TB *** should be provision of transport and food vouchers,also health insurance for in-patient *** advocates a critical investigation into an existing financial support network for TB patients in Pakistan towards reducing the burden.

关键词： Household expenditures Pre-and post-diagnostic costs TB care Adults Pakistan

Factors influencing COVID-19 testing:a qualitative study in Bhutan

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Global health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 482-493页

作者： Sonam Yangchen Solip Ha Abraham Assan Tashi Tobgay Institute of health Partners ThimphuBhutan Seoul National University Graduate School of Public health SeoulSouth Korea Global Policy and Advocacy network(GLOOPLAN) AccraGhana

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has reaffirmed an all-knowing truth—that health is central in the 2030 Sustainable Development *** fully control the infection in a community,accurate testing of suspected cases along with effective tracing and appropriate treatment(3Ts)is still crucial to slowing transmission of COVID-19 virus This study explored factors that influenced COVID-19 testing in *** lessons learned from this study could serve as a roadmap to strengthen the current respond to COVID-19 and for future outbreaks,particularly in low-and middle-income ***:The study employed an exploratory qualitative *** collection methods included interviews with key informants with a purposively selected sample of 20 *** interview findings were augmented by reviewing both published literature and unpublished *** the analysis of qualitative interviews,a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development was conducted to analyze findings.A tailored version of the WHO health System Framework incorporating the Essential Public health Function was used to guide data ***:Political will through the influence and leadership of the King of Bhutan played a crucial role in raising attention to the problem,and provision of adequate financial and technical relief to ensure that all people irrespective of their socioeconomic status do not pay to get tested of COVID-19.A compassionate leadership,Whole of Society approach is backed by the scientific community,functional health systems and community-based approaches,use of information technology for awareness creation and improved surveillance system,and fast-tracked COVID-19 testing service ***:Bhutan’s success relied greatly on multi-sectoral and systematic approach during policy design,implementation and monitoring,and active collaborative efforts involving consultation and engagements with a broad range of local(community memb

关键词： testing qualitative inductive

Discussing menstrual health in family medicine

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Family Medicine and community health 2024年第2期12卷 23-26页

作者： Allison R Casola Alice Renaud Ashwini Kamath Mulki Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA Lehigh Valley health network AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Valley health Partners Family health Center AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA

MENSTRUAL health Menstrual health is a general biological marker for many cisgender women,transgender men and non-binary *** more than half of the population being people who menstruate,stigma,lack of conversation and pressing social needs around menstrual health persists throughout medicine.1 Discussions around menstruation and menstrual management can be difficult for individuals,whether it is with friends or family,or in the healthcare setting.1 Patients who have never discussed menstruation with a clinician may not know what is healthy,assume that an abnormal experience is normal and may endure periods that negatively affect their life,career or well-being.2–5 Menstruation plays a vital role in overall well-being and contributes significantly to an individual’s quality of *** their scope of care,family medicine clinicians are poised to identify red-flag menstrual symptoms in their routine visits with patients,reducing time to diagnosis of menstrual *** urge family medicine clinicians to have renewed conversations surrounding menstrual health with their *** purpose of this report is to supply a brief overview of the importance of menstrual communication in primary care and serve as a resource to enhance menstrual communication between patient and clinician,with the ultimate goal of decreasing menstrual stigma and promoting improved menstrual health and experiences for patients.

关键词： routine men spite