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Biofilm three-dimensional architecture influences in situ pH distribution pattern on the human enamel surface

International Journal of Oral Science 2017年第2期9卷 74-79页

作者： Jin Xiao Anderson T Hara Dongyeop Kim Domenick T Zero Hyun Koo Geelsu Hwang Eastman Institute for Oral health University of Rochester Medical Center Department of Cariology Operative Dentistry and Dental Public HealthOral Health Research InstituteIndiana University School of Dentistry Biofilm Research Laboratories Levy Center for Oral HealthDepartment of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral HealthSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania

To investigate how the biofilm three-dimensional(3D) architecture influences in situ pH distribution patterns on the enamel surface. Biofilms were formed on human tooth enamel in the presence of 1% sucrose or 0.5% glucose plus 0.5% fructose. At specific time points, biofilms were exposed to a neutral pH buffer to mimic the buffering of saliva and subsequently pulsed with 1% glucose to induce re-acidification. Simultaneous 3D pH mapping and architecture of intact biofilms was performed using two-photon confocal microscopy. The enamel surface and mineral content characteristics were examined successively via optical profilometry and microradiography analyses. Sucrose-mediated biofilm formation created spatial heterogeneities manifested by complex networks of bacterial clusters(microcolonies). Acidic regions(pH<5.5) were found only in the interior of microcolonies,which impedes rapid neutralization(taking more than 120 min for neutralization). Glucose exposure rapidly re-created the acidic niches, indicating formation of diffusion barriers associated with microcolonies structure. Enamel demineralization(white spots),rougher surface, deeper lesion and more mineral loss appeared to be associated with the localization of these bacterial clusters at the biofilm-enamel interface. Similar 3D architecture was observed in plaque-biofilms formed in vivo in the presence of sucrose. The formation of complex 3D architectures creates spatially heterogeneous acidic microenvironments in close proximity of enamel surface, which might correlate with the localized pattern of the onset of carious lesions(white spot like) on teeth.

关键词： biofilms demineralization dental caries exopolysaccharides microcolonies pH microenvironments plaque Streptococcus mutans

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Factors associated with recommendation behaviors of four non-National Immunization Program vaccines:a cross-sectional survey among public health workers in China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第5期12卷 58-68页

作者： Yun Lyu Xiaozhen Lai Yidi Ma Hai Fang Department of health Policy and Management School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina health Economics Research Centre Nufeld Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK China Center for health Development Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina Peking University health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Research Center for Vaccine Economics Peking UniversityBeijingChina Institute for Global health and Development Peking UniversityBeijingChina

Background Immunization is a crucial preventive measure to safeguard children under five years old against a range of *** China,the coverage rate of non-National Immunization Program(non-NIP)vaccines can be improved by leveraging the recommendation from public health ***,understanding the influencing factors of recommendation behaviors assume paramount *** study aims to investigate influencing factors of public health workers’recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,with a particular emphasis on financial *** A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method in 2019 from August to October.627 public health workers were recruited from 148 community healthcare centers in ten provincial-level administrative divisions in *** anonymous questionnaire was used to collect demographic information,attitudes towards vaccination,and recommendation behaviors towards non-NIP vaccines,includingHaemophilus influenzae type b(Hib)vaccine,pneumococcal conjugate vaccine,varicella vaccine,and rotavirus *** analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adopted in this *** Of the 610 public health workers with complete survey data,53.8%,57.4%,84.1%,and 54.1%often recommended Hib vaccine,pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine(PCV),varicella vaccine,and rotavirus vaccine,*** regression revealed that gender(Hib vaccine:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;PCV:OR=0.4,95%CI:0.2-0.8;rotavirus vaccine:OR=0.3,95%CI:0.2-0.6),financial incentives for non-NIP vaccination(Hib vaccine:OR=1.9,95%CI:1.1-3.6;PCV:OR=2.1,95%CI:1.1-3.9;rotavirus vaccine:OR=2.0,95%CI:1.1-3.8)and perception of vaccine safety(Hib vaccine:OR=2.7,95%CI:1.1-7.0;PCV:OR=3.2,95%CI:1.2-8.0;rotavirus vaccine:OR=3.0,95%CI:1.2-7.7)were associated with public health workers’recommendation towards Hib vaccine,PCV and rotavirus *** The findings highlighted public health workers’recommendation behaviors of no

关键词： National Immunization Program Vaccination Public health workers Cross-sectional survey Recommendation China

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Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Sentinel community-Based Surveillance After the Optimization of Prevention and Control Measures—China,December 2022-January 2023

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China CDC weekly 2023年第7期5卷 159-164页

作者： Jue Liu Fan Ding Yu Wu Wenzhan Jing Wenxin Yan Chenyuan Qin Fangyuan Li Yanping Zhang Min Liu Wannian Liang Qun Li School of Public health Peking UniversityBeijing MunicipalityChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing MunicipalityChina Vanke School of Public health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing MunicipalityChina

Introduction:On December 7,2022,China implemented the“Ten New Measures”to optimize its prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).To provide the latest data after the optimization,we evaluated trends of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among the community population in ***:We utilized data from the National Sentinel community-Based Surveillance(NSCS)system in China to assess trends of SARS-CoV-2 *** is a national community-based surveillance cohort with 0.42 million participants from all 31 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC).Participants were tested for infection twice a week(a total of eight rounds)from December 16,2022 to January 12,***-CoV-2 infection was defined as testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or *** calculated the daily average of newly positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 ***:In this national cohort,the daily average newly positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 4.13% in Round 1(December 16-19,2022)to 0.69% in Round 8(January 10-12,2023).The epidemic peak occurred in Round 2(December 20-22,2022).Similar trends were observed in urban areas(decreasing from 4.65% to 0.73%),rural areas(decreasing from 2.83% to 0.57%),the eastern region(decreasing from 4.18% to 0.67%),the central region(decreasing from 5.43% to 0.61%),and the western region(decreasing from 3.01%to 0.77%).Conclusions:NSCS data showed that the peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China had ***-2 infection in community populations in China is currently at a low epidemic level.

关键词： Round prevention utilized

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Hospital Acquired Infections at the Service of Pediatric Surgery in Gabriel TouréAcademic Hospital, Bamako, Mali

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第1期10卷 185-193页

作者： Y. Coulibaly O. Kone I. Amadou T. H. M. Diop O. Coulibaly A. Doumbia B. Kamaté H. Ouologuem D. Konaté M. Coulibaly B. Maiga M. I. Mangané Pediatric Surgery CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali community health divisions INRSP Bamako Mali Anesthesia Intensive Care University Hospital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Pediatrics CHU Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Introduction:?health care-associated infection is an infection acquired during the care delivered in the hospital or in any other care establishment which was neither present, nor in incubation at the admission of the patient or at the time of delivering the care or which does not manifest itself only after the patient has been discharged or an infection contracted by the professional in the course of his duties. Objectives:?To identify mean causative germs?and to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics and to identify the risk factors of?health care-associated infection.?Material and methods:?It was about a prospective longitudinal study conducted from November 1, 2017 to April 1, 2018?(6 months) in all children admitted to the pediatric surgery service. Non-consenting parents and outpatient necrosectomy case have not been included in this study.?Results:?This study included 200 patients, of whom 30 experienced the hospital acquired infections with an infection rate of 15%. The surgical site infection was the most common type, with 16 cases (53.3%), followed by burns in 13 cases (43.3%) and urinary tract infection in 1 case (3.3%). The average age of patients with infection was 56.33 ± 48.66 months with extremes of 1 and 180 months. The sex ratio was 1.30 for infected patients and was 1.83 for uninfected patients. The main bacteria responsible for surgical site infection were: Escherichia coli?(4 cases), Acinetobacter baumanii?(3 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae?(2 cases), Staphylococcus aureus?(2 cases), Enterobacter cloacae?(1 case), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1 case) and Enterobacter faecalis?(1 case). Among burn patients, the most frequent germs were: Acinetobacter baumanii?(7 cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae?(6 cases), Staphylococcus aureus?(6 cases), Escherichia coli?(4 cases), Pseudomonas aeruginosa?(2 cases) and Enterobacter faecalis?(2 cases). Escherichia coli?was?noted only in the case of urinary tract infection. Antibiotics tested were: amoxicillin, amoxicilli

关键词： Infection Germs Sensitivities Risk Factors Child Mali

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Trends of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Couriers in Risky Business After the Optimization of Prevention and Control Measures——China,December 2022 to January 2023

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China CDC weekly 2023年第11期5卷 248-254页

作者： Yu Wu Fan Ding Jue Liu Wenzhan Jing Wenxin Yan Chenyuan Qin Fangyuan Li Yanping Zhang Guoqing Shi Wannian Liang Qun Li Min Liu School of Public health Peking UniversityBeijingChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina Vanke School of Public health Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Institute for healthy China Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Introduction:On December 7,2022,China implemented“Ten New Measures”to optimize prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).The purpose of this study was to evaluate the national and regional trends of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among couriers in China from December 2022 to January ***:Data from the National Sentinel community-based Surveillance in China was utilized,including participants from 31 provincial-level administrative divisions and Xinjiang Production and Construction *** were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection twice a week from December 16,2022 to January 12,*** was defined as a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or *** daily average newly positive rate of SARSCoV-2 infection and the estimated daily percentage change(EDPC)were ***:In this cohort,8 rounds of data were *** daily average newly positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased from 4.99%in Round 1 to 0.41%in Round 8,with an EDPC of−33.0%.Similar trends of the positive rate were also observed in the eastern(EDPC:−27.7%),central(EDPC:−38.0%)and western regions(EDPC:−25.5%).Couriers and community population showed a similar temporal trend,with the peak daily average newly positive rate of couriers being higher than that of community *** Round 2,the daily average newly positive rate of couriers decreased sharply,becoming lower than that of community population in the same ***:The peak of SARS-CoV-2 infection among couriers in China has *** couriers are a key population for SARS-CoV-2 infection,they should be monitored continuously.

关键词： Round sharply prevention

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Effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate to apical dentin:microcomputed tomography and scanning electron microscopy analysis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第4期4卷 202-207页

作者： Khalid Al-Fouzan Ziad Al-Garawi Khalid Al-Hezaimi Fawad Javed Thakib Al-Shalan Ilan Rotstein Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration 3D Imaging and Biomechanical LaboratoryCollege of Applied Medical SciencesKing Saud University Division of Endodontics King Abdulaziz Medical CityNational Guard Hospital Dental Service Department Ministry of Interior Department of Periodontics and community Dentistry College of DentistryKing Saud University divisions of Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and OrthodonticsHerman Ostrow School of Dentistry of University of Southern California

The present investigation assessed the effect of acid etching on marginal adaptation of white- and gray-colored mineral trioxide aggregate （MTA） to apical dentin using microcomputed tomography （micro-CT） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. Sixty-four extracted single-rooted human maxillary teeth were used. Following root-end resection and apical preparation, the teeth were equally divided into four groups according to the following root end filling materials：（i） white-colored MTA （WMTA）, （ii） etched WMTA （EWMTA）, （iii） gray-colored MTA （GMTA） and （iv） etched GMTA （EGMTA）. After 48 h, the interface between root-end filling materials and the dentinal walls was assessed using micro-CT and SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using the KruskaI-Wallis and Dunn tests. Micro-CT analysis revealed gap volumes between the apical cavity dentin walls and EGMTA, GMTA, EWMTA and WMTA of （0.007 1±0.004） mm3, （0.053±0.002） mm3, （0.003 6±0.001） mm3 and （0.005 9±0.002） mm3 respectively. SEM analysis revealed gap sizes for EGMTA, WMTA, EWMTA and GMTA to be （492.3±13.8） μm, （594.5±17.12）μm, （543.1±15.33） μm and （910.7±26.2）μm respectively. A significant difference in gap size between root end preparations filled with GMTA and EGMTA was found （P〈O.05）. No significance difference in gap size between WMTA and EWMTA were found in either SEM or micro-CT analysis. In conclusion, pre-etching of apical dentin can provide a better seal for GMTA but not for WMTA.

关键词： acid etching biocompatibility mineral trioxide aggregate root end filling

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Prescription of intermittent preventive therapy (IPTp) among doctors practicing in an army hospital in Lagos, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第2期3卷 258-261页

作者： Nkechinyere E. Harrison Tolulope F. Olufunlayo Nkiru N. Odunukwe Clinical divisions Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of community health and Primary Care College of Medicine University of Lagos Idi-Araba Lagos Nigeria Department of Medicine 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital Yaba Lagos Lagos Nigeria

Background: Malaria infestation in pregnancy is a major public health concern and ranks amongst the commonest complications of pregnancy in Nigeria. Approximately 50,000 Nigerian women die each year from largely preventable pregnancy related complications. Intermittent preventive therapy for malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) is a key recommendation in the National guideline for malaria treatment in Nigeria. This study assessed the prescription pattern of intermittent preventive therapy with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine for pregnant women among doctors practicing in 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study using case notes of pregnant women seen at antenatal clinic of 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria from January, 2008 to December, 2008. A total of 336 case notes were reviewed. The findings were precoded, data entry and analysis was done using EPI INFO 2002. Results: A good proportion of the women (82.9%) booked for antenatal clinic within the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Most commonly prescribed by doctors was the weekly pyrimethamine (daraprim) for malaria prophylaxis in pregnancy (100.0%). Very few doctors prescribed intermittent preventive therapy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and the few who did prescribed just one dose. Conclusion: The study showed a very low level of prescription of IPTp among doctors practicing at 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. There is a great need for training of these doctors and other health professionals on the recommendations of the current National Antimalarial Treatment Guidelines.

关键词： Prescription Intermittent Preventive Therapy for Malaria Army Hospital

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1986～1999年挪威外国出生人群的结核病流行情况

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2003年第3期 94-97页

作者： M.G.Farah A.Tverdal R.Selmer E.Heldal G.Bjune 安燕生李波 divisions of Infectious Disease Control and Epidemiology Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Department of International Health Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway divisions of Infectious Disease Control and Epidemiology Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Department of International health Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway

目的:估算挪威外国出生人群的标准化结核病发病比(SIR)。方法:根据挪威出生人群的性别和年龄别发病率计算外国出生人群的结核病期望发病数。标准化发病比为观察发病数与期望发病数的比值。结果:所有入选国家的结核病期望发病数均在0～3... 详细信息

目的:估算挪威外国出生人群的标准化结核病发病比(SIR)。方法:根据挪威出生人群的性别和年龄别发病率计算外国出生人群的结核病期望发病数。标准化发病比为观察发病数与期望发病数的比值。结果:所有入选国家的结核病期望发病数均在0～3之间;明显低于观察发病数。SIR最高者为非洲(160,95％CI:144～175),最低者为美国/加拿大(0.4,95％CI:0.1～1.0)。索马里的 SIR为 883(95％CI:775～991),越南为122(95％CI:106～139),巴基斯坦为 119(95％CI:105～134),菲律宾为 115(95％CI:91～144),前苏联为49(95％CI:40～57)。所有外国出生人群的SIR为21(95％CI:20～22),人群归因危险度为38％。其中以15～39岁组的SIR为最高(95,95％CI:89～101);65 岁以上组为最低(3,95％CI:2.1～3.3)。此外,15～39岁组的肺外结核SIR也很高(159,95％CI:146～173)。结论:人群的结核病标准化发病比(SIR)因出生地而异。了解移民国当地的结核病流行病学以及移民模式有助于提高预防措施的针对性。

关键词：结核病外国出生观察发病数与期望发病数标准化发病比(SIR)

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Meeting report: a close look at oral biofilms and microbiomes

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第3期10卷 147-151页

作者： Xin Xu Feng Chen Zhengwei Huang Lvyan Ma Li Chen Yaping Pan Jian Xu Syngcuk Kim Denis Kinane Hyun Koo Xuedong Zhou State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan University Central Laboratory Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Department of Endodontics Ninth People’sHospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology Ministry of Education and Health Fudan University Department of Periodontics School of Stomatology Chinese Medical UniversityShenyang China Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Endodontics School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Department of Periodontics School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and community Oral health Department of Orthodontics School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania

The "Biofilms, Microbiomes and Oral Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives" symposium jointly organized by Penn Dental Medicine and West China School of Stomatology was held on 30 September 2017 at Penn Wharton China Center(PWCC) in Beijing,China. The topics included the pathogenicity of oral biofilms, novel strategies for the control of biofilm-related diseases, oral microbiome and single-cell approaches, and the link between oral diseases and overall health. Researchers from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from China and Penn Dental Medicine, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of biofilms, as well as future directions for the control of biofilm-related oral and systemic diseases.

关键词： Meeting report a close look at oral biofilms and microbiomes

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A Suggestion for Constructing the Next-Generation Network

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Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 2006年第2期20卷 106-108页

作者： Consultant Group on the Next-generation Network,the CAS Academic divisions Consultant Group on the Next-generation Network the CAS Academic divisions

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