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Spatiotemporal event detection: a review

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第12期13卷 1339-1365页

作者： Manzhu Yu Myra Bambacus Guido Cervone Keith Clarke Daniel Duffy Qunying Huang Jing Li Wenwen Li Zhenlong Li Qian Liu Bernd Resch Jingchao Yang Chaowei Yang Department of Geography Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Geography University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA Department of Geography University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Department of Geography and the Environment University of DenverDenverCOUSA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA Department of Geography University of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA NSF Spatiotemporal Innovation Center&Dept.of Geography and GeoInformation Science George Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA Department of Geoinformatics University of SalzburgKapitelgasseSalzburgAustria Center for Geographic Analysis Harvard UniversityBostonMAUSA

The advancements of sensing technologies,including remote sensing,in situ sensing,social sensing,and health sensing,have tremendously improved our capability to observe and record natural and social phenomena,such as natural disasters,presidential elections,and infectious *** observations have provided an unprecedented opportunity to better understand and respond to the spatiotemporal dynamics of the environment,urban settings,health and disease propagation,business decisions,and crisis and *** event detection serves as a gateway to enable a better understanding by detecting events that represent the abnormal status of relevant *** paper reviews the literature for different sensing capabilities,spatiotemporal event extraction methods,and categories of applications for the detected *** novelty of this review is to revisit the definition and requirements of event detection and to layout the overall workflow(from sensing and event extraction methods to the operations and decision-supporting processes based on the extracted events)as an agenda for future event detection *** is presented on the current challenges to this research agenda,and future directions are discussed for conducting spatiotemporal event detection in the era of big data,advanced sensing,and artificial intelligence.

关键词： GeoAI geography and geoscience human dynamics digital earth computational challenges cloud computing internet of things

Improving the WRF/urban modeling system in China by developing a national urban dataset

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geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 75-88页

作者： Huidong Li Fenghui Yuan Lidu Shen Yage Liu Zhonghua Zheng Xu Zhou CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of columbia university PalisadesNY 10964United States National Tibetan Plateau Data Centre Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Accurate modeling of urban climate is essential to predict potential environmental risks in *** datasets,such as urban land use and urban canopy parameters(UCPs),are key input data for urban climate models and largely affect their ***,access to reliable urban datasets is a challenge,especially in fast urbanizing *** this study,we developed a high-resolution national urban dataset in China(NUDC)for the WRF/urban modeling system and evaluated its effect on urban climate ***,an optimization method based on building morphology was proposed to classify urban land use *** key UCPs,including building height and width,street width,surface imperviousness,and anthropogenic heat flux,were calculated for both single-layer Urban Canopy Model(UCM)and multiple-layer Building Energy Parameterization(BEP).The results show that the derived morphological-based urban land use classification could better reflect the urban characteristics,compared to the socioeconomic-function-based *** UCPs varied largely in spatial within and across the *** integration of the developed urban land use and UCPs datasets significantly improved the representation of urban canopy characteristics,contributing to a more accurate modeling of near-surface air temperature,humidity,and wind in urban *** UCM performed better in the modeling of air temperature and humidity,while the BEP performed better in the modeling of wind *** newly developed NUDC can advance the study of urban climate and improve the prediction of potential urban environmental risks in China.

关键词： Urban climate modeling UCM BEP Urban land use Urban canopy parameter Chinese cities

Mafic Archean continental crust prohibited exhumation of orogenic UHP eclogite

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geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 411-420页

作者： Richard M.Palin James D.P.Moore Zeming Zhang Guangyu Huang Jon Wade Brendan Dyck Department of Earth Sciences University of OxfordOxford OX13ANUnited Kingdom Earth Observatory of Singapore Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Institute of Geophysics SGEESVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Earth Environmental and Geographical SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaKelowna V1V 1V7Canada

The absence of ultrahigh pressure(UHP)orogenic eclogite in the geological record older than c.0.6 Ga is problematic for evidence of subduction having begun on Earth during the Archean(4.0-2.5 Ga).Many eclogites in Phanerozoic and Proterozoic terranes occur as mafic boudins encased within low-density felsic crust,which provides positive buoyancy during subduction;however,recent geochemical proxy analysis shows that Archean continental crust was more mafic than previously thought,having greater proportions of basalt and komatiite than modern-day ***,we show via petrological modelling that secular change in the petrology and bulk composition of upper continental crust would make Archean continental terranes negatively buoyant in the mantle before reaching UHP *** or delaminated Archean continental crust passes a point of no return during metamorphism in the mantle prior to the stabilization of coesite,while Proterozoic and Phanerozoic terranes remain positively buoyant at these *** orogenic eclogite may thus readily have formed on the Archean Earth,but could not have been exhumed,weakening arguments for a Neoproterozoic onset of subduction and plate ***,isostatic balance calculations for more mafic Archean continents indicate that the early Earth was covered by a global ocean over 1 km deep,corroborating independent isotopic evidence for large-scale emergence of the continents no earlier than c.3 *** findings thus weaken arguments that early life on Earth likely emerged in shallow subaerial ponds,and instead support hypotheses involving development at hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean.

关键词： Archean Eclogite Exhumation Secular change Geodynamics Density

The GeoLink knowledge graph

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Big Earth Data 2018年第2期2卷 131-143页

作者： Michelle Cheatham Adila Krisnadhi Reihaneh Amini Pascal Hitzler Krzysztof Janowicz Adam Shepherd Tom Narock Matt Jones Peng Ji Department of Computer Science and Engineering Wright State UniversityDaytonOHUSA Department of Computer Science Universitas IndonesiaDepokIndonesia Geography Department University of California at Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCAUSA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods HoleMAUSA Mathematics/Physics Department Notre Dame of Maryland UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis Santa BarbaraCAUSA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA

GeoLink has leveraged linked data principles to create a dataset that allows users to seamlessly query and reason over some of the most prominent geoscience metadata repositories in the United *** GeoLink dataset includes such diverse information as port calls made by oceanographic cruises,physical sample meta-data,research project funding and staffing,and authorship of technical *** data has been published according to best practices for linked data and is publicly available via a SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language(SPARQL)end point that at present contains more than 45 million Resource Description Framework(RDF)triples together with a collection of ontologies and geo-visualization *** article describes the geoscience datasets,the modeling and publication process,and current uses of the *** focus is on providing enough detail to enable researchers,application developers and others who wish to lever-age the GeoLink data in their own work to do so.

关键词： geoscience data oceanographic data knowledge graph linked data ontology

Flash flood susceptibility mapping using a novel deep learning model based on deep belief network,back propagation and genetic algorithm

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geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 146-168页

作者： Himan Shahabi Ataollah Shirzadi Somayeh Ronoud Shahrokh Asadi Binh Thai Pham Fatemeh Mansouripour Marten Geertsema John J.Clague Dieu Tien Bui Department of Geomorphology Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of KurdistanSanandaj 66177-15175Iran Board Member of Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research Kurdistan Studies InstituteUniversity of KurdistanSanandaj 66177-15175Iran Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of KurdistanSanandajIran Data Mining Laboratory Department of EngineeringCollege of FarabiUniversity of TehranTehranIran Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Viet Nam British columbia Ministry of ForestsLandsNatural Resource Operations and Rural DevelopmentPrince GeorgeBC V2L 1R5Canada Department of Earth Sciences Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada Geographic Information Science Research Group Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam

Flash floods are responsible for loss of life and considerable property damage in many *** susceptibility maps contribute to flood risk reduction in areas that are prone to this hazard if appropriately used by landuse planners and emergency *** main objective of this study is to prepare an accurate flood susceptibility map for the Haraz watershed in Iran using a novel modeling approach(DBPGA)based on Deep Belief Network(DBN)with Back Propagation(BP)algorithm optimized by the Genetic Algorithm(GA).For this task,a database comprising ten conditioning factors and 194 flood locations was created using the One-R Attribute Evaluation(ORAE)*** well-known machine learning and optimization algorithms were used as benchmarks to compare the prediction accuracy of the proposed *** metrics include sensitivity,specificity accuracy,root mean square error(RMSE),and area under the receiver operatic characteristic curve(AUC)were used to assess the validity of the proposed *** result shows that the proposed model has the highest goodness-of-fit(AUC=0.989)and prediction accuracy(AUC=0.985),and based on the validation dataset it outperforms benchmark models including LR(0.885),LMT(0.934),BLR(0.936),ADT(0.976),NBT(0.974),REPTree(0.811),ANFIS-BAT(0.944),ANFIS-CA(0.921),ANFIS-IWO(0.939),ANFIS-ICA(0.947),and ANFIS-FA(0.917).We conclude that the DBPGA model is an excellent alternative tool for predicting flash flood susceptibility for other regions prone to flash floods.

关键词： Environmental modeling Flash flood Deep belief network Over-fitting Iran

Deserpentinization and high-pressure(eclogite-facies) metamorphic features in the Eoarchean ultramafic body from Isua,Greenland

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geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 297-309页

作者： Juan Miguel Guotana Tomoaki Morishita Ikuya Nishio Akihiro Tamura Tomoyuki Mizukami Kenichiro Tani Yumiko Harigane Kristoffer Szilas D.Graham Pearson Graduate School of Natural Science&Technology Kanazawa UniversityJapan School of Environmental Science and Management University of the Philippines Los BañosLagunaPhilippines Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Volcanoes and Earth’s Interior Research Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology2-15 NatsushimaKanagawa 237-0061Japan National Museum of Nature and Science 4-1-1AmakuboTsukuba-shiIbaraki 305-0005Japan Institute of Geology and Geoinformation Geological Survey of Japan/AIST Central 71-1-1 HigashiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8567Japan Department of geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenØster Voldgade 101350 CopenhagenDenmark Department of Earth&Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Discontinuous chains of ultramafic rock bodies form part of the 3800–3700 Ma Isua Supracrustal Belt(ISB),hosted in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex of southwestern *** bodies are among the world’s oldest outcrops of ultramafic rocks and hence an invaluable geologic *** rocks from Lens B in the northwestern limb of ISB show characteristics of several stages of serpentinization and deserpentinization forming prograde and retrograde mineral ***-rich humite-group minerals such as titanian chondrodite(Ti-Chn)and titanian clinohumite(Ti-Chu)often occur as accessory phases in the metamorphosed ultramafic *** Ti-rich humite minerals are associated with metamorphic *** host olivine is highly forsteritic(Fo96-98)with variable Mn O and Ni O *** concentrations of the rare-earth elements(REE)and high-field strength elements(HFSE)of the metamorphic olivine are higher than typical mantle *** textural and chemical characteristics of the olivine indicate metamorphic origin as a result of deserpentinization of a serpentinized ultramafic protolith rather than primary assemblage reflecting mantle residues from high-degrees of partial *** close association of olivine,antigorite and intergrown Ti-Chn and Ti-Chu suggests pressure condition between$1.3–2.6 GPa within the antigorite stability field(<700°C).The overall petrological and geochemical features of Lens B ultramafic body within the Eoarchean ISB indicate that these are allochthonous ultramafic rocks that recorded serpentine dehydration at relatively lower temperature and reached eclogite facies condition during their complex metamorphic history similar to exhumed UHP ultramafic rocks in modern subduction zone channels.

关键词： Titanian chondrodite Titanian clinohumite Isua supracrustal belt UHP Deserpentinization

The Migration Rule of Pb Content Transported from Different Sources

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Journal of geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第5期9卷 165-175页

作者： Dongfang Yang Danfeng Yang Research Center for Karst Wetland Ecology Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center SOA Qingdao China The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University New York USA

According to the survey materials of the waters of Jiaozhou Bay in May, September and October 1993, this article studied the content of Pb and its horizontal distribution in the surface water bodies. The results showed that the Pb content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay ranged within 0.62 - 3.05 μg/L, which conformed to the seawater standard of Class I and II. And it also indicated that in terms of the Pb content, the water bodies of Jiaozhou bay were mildly contaminated by Pb content in May, September and October. The Pb content in Jiaozhou bay mainly had three sources, the transportation of rivers, surface runoff and offshore ocean currents. The Pb content was 2.13 μg/L transported from the rivers, 2.74 μg/L from the surface runoff and 3.05 μg/L from the offshore ocean currents. It demonstrated that the transportation of rivers, surface runoff and offshore ocean currents had been moderated polluted by Pb content. Three different migration paths of Pb content, from land, ocean to Jiaozhou Bay water bodies, have been expressed in model block diagram. In the migration process of Pb content transported from different sources, the author found out the migration rules: 1) the Pb content was continuously decreased with the extension of migration distance;2) the Pb content in the ocean water body was very high with the accumulation of Pb content in the ocean.

关键词： Pb Content Sources Process Rules Jiaozhou Bay

Yang’s Dynamic Vertical Balance Process for the Content of Cd in a Marine Bay

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Journal of geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第5期7卷 16-25页

作者： Dongfang Yang Sivakumar Manickam Danfeng Yang Sixi Zhu Ming Wang College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center SOA Qingdao China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University New York City New York USA

This study analyzes the horizontal and vertical migration processes of Cd contents based on the investigations conducted during May and August 1990. It reveals the dynamic balance process of Cd substance in a marine bay and shows that in the waters close to the source input, the content of Cd in the surface waters is the highest, and also the vertical dilution amount is the highest. This is the beginning of the dynamic vertical balance process. Along with distance from the source input, the sedimentation is an ongoing process, which results in a decrease in the content of Cd in the surface waters, and a reduction in the vertical dilution amount. This process continues to the balance point. In waters far away from the source input, the content of Cd is homogeneous in the waters, and the vertical dilution amount decreases to the lowest value, i.e., the balance point. Furthermore, a block diagram has been provided to demonstrate the dynamic vertical balance process.

关键词： Cadmium Balance Dynamic Process Jiaozhou Bay

Magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.45 Ga in the northern Gawler Craton: The Australian record of rifting within Nuna(columbia)

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geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 175-194页

作者： Laura J.Morrissey Karin M.Barovich Martin Hand Katherine E.Howard Justin L.Payne School of Natural and Built Environments University of South Australia Department of Earth Sciences School of Physical Sciences University of Adelaide

U-Pb monazite and zircon geochronology and calculated metamorphic phase diagrams from drill holes in the northern Gawler Craton, southern Australia, reveal the presence of ca. 1.45 Ga magmatism and metamorphism. Magmatism and granulite facies metamorphism of this age has not previously been recognised in the Gawler Craton. The magmatic rocks have steep LREE-enriched patterns and high Ga/Al values, suggesting they are A-type granites. Calculated metamorphic forward models suggest that this event was associated with high apparent thermal gradients and reached pressures of 3.2 -5.4 kbar and temperatures of 775-815℃. The high apparent thermal gradients may reflect pluton-enhanced metamorphism, consistent with the presence of A-type granites. The recognition of ca. 1.45 Ga tectonism in the northern Gawler Craton is added to a compilation of ca. 1.50 -1.40 Ga magmatism, shear zone reactivation, rift basin development and isotope resetting throughout the South and North Australian Cratons that shows that this event was widespread in eastern Proterozoic Australia. This event is stylistically similar to ca. 1.45 Ga A-type magmatism and high thermal gradient metamorphism in Laurentia in this interval and provides further support for a connection between Australia and Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic. The tectonic setting of the 1.50-1.40 Ga event is unclear but may record rifting within the Nuna(or columbia) supercontinent, or a period of intracontinental extension within a long-lived convergent setting.

关键词： Gawler Craton Laurentia Metamorphism U-Pb geochronology Paleogeographic reconstruction