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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher Richard S.Davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.METHODS:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of colorado school of Medicine.Data collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the study.RESULTS:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the study.Ocular comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for confounders.Males had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer significant.Males were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/25.CONCLUSION:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for males.However,observed surgical complication rates exhibit almost no difference by sex afte

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem Shams Patrice Rivard Omid Moradian Civil Engineering and Building Engineering Department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada Department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity dams.Despite the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very limited.This study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile loadings.Digital image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian test.The presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian tests.In contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile strength.Spatiotemporal monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct tension.Due to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture surfaces.The results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

Study on creep deformation and energy development of underground surrounding rock under four‐dimensional support

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第1期3卷 25-38页

作者： Zhanguo Ma Junyu Sun Peng Gong Pengfei Yan Nan Cui Ruichong Zhang school of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina Department of Mining Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA

There is an urgent need to develop optimal solutions for deformation control of deep high‐stress roadways,one of the critical problems in underground engineering.The previously proposed four‐dimensional support(hereinafter 4D support),as a new support technology,can set the roadway surrounding rock under three‐dimensional pressure in the new balanced structure,and prevent instability of surrounding rock in underground engineering.However,the influence of roadway depth and creep deformation on the surrounding rock supported by 4D support is still unknown.This study investigated the influence of roadway depth and creep deformation time on the instability of surrounding rock by analyzing the energy development.The elastic strain energy was analyzed using the program redeveloped in FLAC3D.The numerical simulation results indicate that the combined support mode of 4D roof supports and conventional side supports is highly applicable to the stability control of surrounding rock with a roadway depth exceeding 520 m.With the increase of roadway depth,4D support can effectively restrain the area and depth of plastic deformation in the surrounding rock.Further,4D support limits the accumulation range and rate of elastic strain energy as the creep deformation time increases.4D support can effectively reduce the plastic deformation of roadway surrounding rock and maintain the stability for a long deformation period of 6 months.As confirmed by in situ monitoring results,4D support is more effective for the long‐term stability control of surrounding rock than conventional support.

关键词： coal mines elastic strain energy four‐dimensional support large roadway depth long‐term stability control plastic deformation surrounding rock

Promoting higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China: challenges and recommendations for action

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 74-84页

作者： Jiuling Li Shu Chen dwin Asturias Shenglan Tang Fuqiang Cui Global Health Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshanJiangsuChina ARC Centre of Excellence in Population Ageing Research(CEPAR) Universityof New SouthWalesSydneyAustralia school of Risk and Actuarial Studies University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCOUSA Center for Global Health Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA Department of Epidemiology Colorado School of Public HealthAuroraCOUSA Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUSSingaporeSingapore Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina Vaccine Research Center School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Many countries have adopted higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines to simplify vaccination schedules and minimize health expenditures and social costs.However,China is conservative in the use of pediatric combina-tion vaccines.By reviewing and synthesizing quantitative and qualitative data,in this commentary we identify gaps and challenges to combination vaccine use and make recommendations for promoting use of higher-valent pediatric combination vaccines in China.Challenges are in four dimensions:(1)legislation and regulation,(2)immunization schedule design,(3)vaccine awareness and price,and(4)research and development capacity.To optimize the use of combination vaccines to reduce vaccine-preventable disease burden,we make recommendations that address key challenges:(1)develop policies and regulations to strengthen enforcement of the Vaccine Administration Law and remove regulatory hurdles that hinder combination vaccine research and development,(2)establish an evi-dence-informed policy-making mechanism for combination vaccines,(3)resolve immunization schedule conflicts between monovalent and combination vaccines,and(4)implement effective interventions to increase vaccine awareness and reduce price.

关键词： Combination vaccine National immunization program Childhood immunization Vaccine-preventable disease

Electrochromism-induced adaptive fresh air pre-handling system for building energy saving

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第2期5卷 300-308页

作者： Dikai Xu Mingfeng Sheng Xinpeng Zhao Hua Qian Wenqing Liang Xiaohong Zheng Dongliang Zhao school of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China Lyles school of Civil Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Building fresh air supply needs to meet certain regulations and fit people’s ever-growing indoor air quality de-mand.However,fresh air handling requires huge energy consumption that goes against the goal of net-zero energy buildings.Thus,in this work,an adaptive fresh air pre-handling system is designed to reduce the cool-ing and heating loads of HVAC system.The sky-facing surface of the system uses electrochromic mechanism to manipulate the optical properties and thus make full use of solar energy(solar heating)and deep space cold source(radiative cooling)by switching between heating and cooling modes.In the cooling mode,the sky-facing surface shows a transmittance of down to zero,while the reflectance is high at 0.89 on average.In the heating mode,the electrochromic glass is highly transparent,allowing the sunlight to reach the solar heat absorber.To obtain the energy-saving potential under different climates,six cities were selected from various climate regions in China.Results show that the adaptive fresh air pre-handling system can be effective in up to 55.4%time of a year.The maximum energy-saving ratios for medium office,warehouse,and single-family house can reach up to 11.52%,26.62%,and 18.29%,respectively.In addition,the system shows multi-climate adaptability and broad application scenarios,making it a potential solution to building energy saving.

关键词： Adaptive fresh air pre-handling Electrochromism Radiative sky cooling Solar air heating Building energy saving

A machine learning approach for predictings stroke

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Medical Data Mining 2024年第3期7卷 8-16页

作者： Yubo Fu Hasan school of Business Colorado State University PuebloPuebloCO 81001USA

Background:Stroke is one of the most dangerous and life-threatening disease as it can cause lasting brain damage,long-term disability,or even death.The early detection of warning signs of a stroke can help save the life of a patient.In this paper,we adopted machine learning approaches to predict strokes and identify the three most important factors that are associated with strokes.Methods:This study used an open-access stroke prediction dataset.We developed 11 machine learning models and compare the results to those found in prior studies.Results:The accuracy,recall and area under the curve for the random forest model in our study is significantly higher than those of other studies.Machine learning models,particularly the random forest algorithm,can accurately predict the risk of stroke and support medical decision making.Conclusion:Our findings can be applied to design clinical prediction systems at the point of care.

关键词： medical decision making machine learning predictive modeling stroke imbalanced data

Measuring absolute adsorption in porous rocks using oscillatory motions of a spring-mass system

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期35卷 131-139页

作者： Younki Cho Ryan Lo Keerthana Krishnan Xiaolong Yin Hossein Kazemi Petroleum Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA

We present an oscillation-based method to measure absolute adsorption,or total gas,contained in porous rocks without and with excess adsorption.Experiments conducted with a macroporous Berea sandstone sample in nitrogen where excess adsorption is negligible show that absolute adsorption can be obtained after the added mass of co-accelerated gas outside the sample is subtracted.In experiments conducted in propane with a crushed Niobrara shale sample with micro-and mesopores,absolute adsorption included significant excess adsorption.After subtracting both the added mass outside the sample and the gas that would be in the sample assuming no excess adsorption existed,estimated excess adsorption of propane is in good agreement with that projected based on capillary condensation of propane in the volume of mesopores.

关键词： Adsorption Porous media Shale Capillary condensation Oscillation

Effectiveness of predicting tunneling-induced ground settlements using machine learning methods with small datasets

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第4期14卷 1028-1041页

作者： Linan Liu Wendy Zhou Marte Gutierrez Department of Geology and Geological Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA

Prediction of tunneling-induced ground settlements is an essential task,particularly for tunneling in urban settings.Ground settlements should be limited within a tolerable threshold to avoid damages to aboveground structures.Machine learning(ML)methods are becoming popular in many fields,including tunneling and underground excavations,as a powerful learning and predicting technique.However,the available datasets collected from a tunneling project are usually small from the perspective of applying ML methods.Can ML algorithms effectively predict tunneling-induced ground settlements when the available datasets are small?In this study,seven ML methods are utilized to predict tunneling-induced ground settlement using 14 contributing factors measured before or during tunnel excavation.These methods include multiple linear regression(MLR),decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),gradient boosting(GB),support vector regression(SVR),back-propagation neural network(BPNN),and permutation importancebased BPNN(PI-BPNN)models.All methods except BPNN and PI-BPNN are shallow-structure ML methods.The effectiveness of these seven ML approaches on small datasets is evaluated using model accuracy and stability.The model accuracy is measured by the coefficient of determination(R2)of training and testing datasets,and the stability of a learning algorithm indicates robust predictive performance.Also,the quantile error(QE)criterion is introduced to assess model predictive performance considering underpredictions and overpredictions.Our study reveals that the RF algorithm outperforms all the other models with the highest model prediction accuracy(0.9)and stability(3.0210^(-27)).Deep-structure ML models do not perform well for small datasets with relatively low model accuracy(0.59)and stability(5.76).The PI-BPNN architecture is proposed and designed for small datasets,showing better performance than typical BPNN.Six important contributing factors of ground settlements are identified,including tunnel depth,the distance between tunnel face an

关键词： Ground settlements Tunneling Machine learning Small dataset Model accuracy Model stability Feature importance

Exploring unconventional attributes of red blood cells and their potential applications in biomedicine

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Protein & Cell 2024年第5期15卷 315-330页

作者： Alkmini T.Anastasiadi Vasiliki-Zoi Arvaniti Krystalyn E.Hudson Anastasios G.Kriebardis Constantinos Stathopoulos Angelo D’Alessandro Steven L.Spitalnik Vassilis L.Tzounakas Department of Biochemistry School of MedicineUniversity of Patras26504 PatrasGreece Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York CityNY 10032USA Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology(HemQcR) Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Health&Caring SciencesUniversity of West Attica(UniWA)12243 EgaleoGreece Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13001 AuroraCOUSA Present address:Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research(IFBR) Biomedical Sciences Research Center“Alexander Fleming”Vari11527 AthensGreece

We need to talk about red blood cells.Eukaryotic cells are defined as cells containing distinct nuclei and other membranous organelles.However,red blood cells(RBCs)lack a nucleus and organelles—perhaps to limit the generation of reactive oxygen species(Zhang et al.,2011)—and are filled with hemoglobin(Hb).This oxygen carrier is limited to the cytosol by the cell membrane and cytoskeleton,which maintain cellular integrity and deformability as RBCs pass through narrow capillaries(Gratzer,1994)to perform their primary function of gas exchange.

关键词： al. membranous maintain