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Predictive models of drought tolerance indices based on physiological,morphological and biochemical markers for the selection of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)varieties

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第5期21卷 1310-1320页

作者： Yeison M QUEVEDO Liz P MORENO Eduardo BARRAGAN colombian corporation for agricultural research AGROSAVIA日Espinal 733529Colombia Faculty of agricultural Sciences National University of ColombiaBogota D.C 111321Colombia

The use of tolerant crop varieties is a strategy that mitigates the water deficit effect in a sustainable *** generation of these varieties is more efficient when variables associated with this tolerance have been identified,since they can facilitate the breeding *** study aimed to establish the relationships between water deficit tolerance of four cotton varieties(Nevada-123,Oasis-129,Guatapuri,and Festivalle)and morphological variables(monopodial branches,boll weight,root/shoot ratio,and leaf and root dry matter),physiological variables(relative water content,net photosynthesis,stomatal conductance,electron transport rate,photochemical quenching,photochemical efficiency of PSII,chlorophyll a/b ratio(Chl a/b),C^(12)/C^(13)isotope ratio,and electrolyte leakage),and biochemical variables(contents of sugars,proline,carotenoids,and malondialdehyde).Furthermore,calibrated predictive models of the drought tolerance indices were developed based on the key variables *** this purpose,a pot experiment was established where plants were subjected to a moderate or severe water deficit during the blooming stage for 12 *** stress tolerance index(STI)and mean productivity(MP)were *** the evaluated variables,the differences between well-watered and water deficit plants(Δ)were calculated and ANOVA,partial least squares,Pearson’s correlation,and multiple linear regression analyzes were performed.A model was generated that explained 95% of the STI and was composed of Δmalondialdehyde,Δproline,and Δboll *** MP,the model was comprised of Δstomatal conductance,Δroot/shoot ratio,and ΔChl a/b,and explained 89% of the *** analysis of the assessed variables allowed the identification of key variables and the development of calibrated predictive models that can be used in screening to obtain cotton varieties with different levels of water deficit tolerance.

关键词： drought tolerance tolerance index proline chlorophyll stomatal conductance malondialdehyde yield multivariate analysis

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Effect of grass density and date of tapping on Acacia senegal gum yield in north kordofan state, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry research 2013年第1期24卷 169-172页

作者： Idris M. Adam M. E. Ballal Kamal El. M. Fadl agricultural research corporation Kadugli Research StationP.O. Box 16KadugliSudan. agricultural research corporation Forest Research CenterP.O. Box 13391Khartoum-Soba-Sudan. agricultural research corporation El-Obeid Research StationP.O. Box 429El-ObeidSudan.

We conducted a two-factor experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications during 2004 in El Demokeya Forest Reserve and El Himaira Natural Forest, North Kordofan State, Sudan. The objective was to develop an understanding of the ecological effects of under-story vegetation and tapping date on the productivity of gum arabic from Acacia senegal as over story cover. The first factor was grass cover which was tested in four levels （100% and 50% grass cover in addition to bare and burnt）. The second factor, date of tapping was tested in three levels namely （1st Oct, 15th Oct and 1st Nov）. The first picking was done after 45 days from tapping and the gum yield up to seven pickings was collected at intervals of 15 days. Gum yield from each picking was collected and weighed using sensitive balance. Analysis of variance was carried out using MSTAT-C statistical package, and the Tukey test was applied for mean comparisons. The results showed highly significant differences （p 〈 0.01） of grass cover on gum arabic yield in the two sites for most of the first consecutive pickings （1st–4th out of seven） in addition to total yield （kg/ha）. With exception to the 4th pickings, the interaction effect between the grass densities and tapping date was not significantly different. The total gum yield was significantly （p 〈 0.05） increased in only two pickings （third and fourth） in El Demokeya Forest Reserve and two pickings （1st and 2nd） at El Himaira Natural Forest. The density of grass cover significantly （p 〈 0.05） affected the number of pickings at both sites; the number of gum pickings was directly proportional to grass density. The number of gum pickings was found to be significantly （p 〈 0.05） increased at the early date of tapping.

关键词： Acacia senegal grass density date of tapping gum arabic yield Sudan.

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Improvement of Sporulation Conditions of a New Strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Liquid Fermentation

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 302-310页

作者： Andrés Díaz-García Jennifer García-Riano Jimmy Zapata-Narvaez Biological Control Laboratory Tibaitata Research CenterColombian Corporation for Agricultural Research(Corpoica)BogotáColombia

The desirable active ingredients for the development of bioproducts based in Bacillus sp. for the control of soil pathogens are the spores because these structures exhibit more resistance and stability to conditions present during the fermentation, formulation, and storage processes. To improve the sporulation of a native strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bs006) using liquid fermentation, some modifications in the concentrations of the components in a previously standardized culture media were made. Subsequently, five sporulation inducers (iron nitrate, mixture of salts, peroxide hydrogen, temperature, and initial cell concentration) were evaluated. The treatment with a mixture of salts in combination with an initial cell concentration of 1 × 108 cells/ml was selected because a final spore concentration of 1.05 × 1010 spores/ml after 66 hours with a fully substrate consumption and sporulation efficiency of 88.7% was obtained. To demonstrate the biological activity of B. amyloliquefaciens Bs006 in Cape gooseberry seedlings, a greenhouse bioassay was conducted, and statistical differences in plant growth-promoting parameters compared with previous media were not found. Additionally, the proposed modified media (coded as JM) presented a benefit-cost ratio 2.65 times higher compared with the baseline media.

关键词： Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Sporulation Induction Liquid Media Design Cape Gooseberry Plant Growth Promotion

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Effect of tapping tools and date of tapping on Acacia polyacantha gum yield in South Kordofan State, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry research 2011年第1期22卷 117-122页

作者： Idris Musa Adam Kamal E.M. Fadl agricultural research corporation Kadugli Research Station P.O. Box 10 Kadugli Sudan agricultural research corporation El-Obied Research Station P.O. Box 429 El-Obied Sudan

A study was conducted in South Kordofan, Sudan to determine the effect of tapping, tapping tools and date of tapping on the gum yield of Acacia polyacantha. A two-factor experiment was conducted for two seasons in 2008-2009. One location was used for two seasons and two locations for one season. The first factor （4 levels） was the tools of tapping： Makmak, Farrar, and Sonki, and the control which was not tapped. The second factor （2 levels） was the date of tapping that comprises mid October and mid November. These treatments were arranged in Randomaized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Gum yield （g/tree and g/ picking） was recorded for five pickings. Economic analysis was done using the partial budget technique. The results showed highly significant （p 〈 0.01） differences on gum yield （g/picking and g/tree）. The results indicated that the process of tapping increases gum production by 88.4% and 79.8% compared with un-tapped trees, respectively. The date of tapping has no significant effect on gum yield （g/tree and g/picking） of A. polyacantha. Tapping of the tree with Makmak in mid- November was found to be economically beneficial compared to using the other tools and the control. These results could identify a new source of income for the poor farmers in South Kordofan mainly because of the wild occurrence of Kakamut as a potential gum producing tree species grown naturally in the area.

关键词： Acacia polyacantha date of tapping gum yield Kakamut South Kordofan tapping tools

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Influence of Acacia senegal agroforestry system on growth and yield of sorghum, sesame, roselle and gum in north Kordofan State, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry research 2013年第1期24卷 173-177页

作者： Kamal Eldin Mohammed Fadl agricultural research corporation El-Obeid Research StationP.O. Box 429El-ObeidSudan.

We examined the effects of intercropping with Acacia senegal （L.） Willd on growth and yield of sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.）, sesame （Sesamum indicum L.） and roselle （Hibiscus sabdariffa）. Field experiments were conducted in El-Obeid research farm （13°10′ N; 30°12′ E）, North Kordofan State, Sudan, during 2002–2003 in an 11-year-old A. senegal plantation. The experimental design was randomized complete block design （RCBD） with four replications. Data were recorded for plant height （cm）, fresh weight （kg·ha-1）, dry weight （kg·ha-1）, crop yield （kg·ha-1）, and gum yield （kg·ha-1）. We used Land Equivalent Ratios （LER） and simple financial analyses of gross surpluses to evaluate the productivity and profitability of the different treatments. The results indicated that A. senegal trees had a beneficial effect on crop performance and yield as well as gum yield. Significant differences （p 〈 0.05） were obtained for plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and crop yield. Therefore, yield of sorghum, sesame and roselle under intercropping system were 13.7%, 23.8% and 20.9% higher than that obtained in the sole cropping system respectively. The highest yield increase was observed with sesame （23.8%）. Gum yield （g/tree/picking） was significantly （p 〈 0.05） increased for sorghum, sesame and roslle under intercropping system. The highest yield of （298 g/tree/picking） was obtained when roselle was intercropped with A. senegal, while the least gum yield of （239 gδtree-1） was recorded in pure A. senegal plot. All the treatments gave land equivalent ratio （LER） of more than one-indicating the superiority of growing the field crops in intercropping over the sole cropping systems. The highest LER of 3.8 was obtained for sesame intercropped with A. senegal （Hashab）, followed by 3.7, when sorghum was intercropped with A. senegal and 3.3 when roselle intercropped with A. senegal. All the treatments gave positive net revenues, the highest being for intercropped sorghum （558 SDG·ha-1）（SDG=Suda

关键词： Sorghum bicolor Acacia senegal agroforestry system Sesamum indicum Hibiscus sabdarifia Semi-arid environment North Kordofan, Sudan

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Agave sisalana extract induces cell death in Aedes aegypti hemocytes increasing nitric oxide production

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 396-399页

作者： Louise Helena Guimaraes de Oliveira Patricia Alexandria Paiva Silva de Sousa Fabrine Felipe Hilario Gabriel Joventino Nascimento Joao Paulo Saraiva Morais Everaldo Paulo de Medeiros Manoel Francisco de Sousa Fabiola da Cruz Nunes Biotechnology Center Federal University of Paraiba Embrapa Algodao Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Objective: To investigate the effects of Agave sisalana(A. sisalana) extract on Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) primary cell ***: Cells of Ae. aegypti were exposed to different concentrations of A. sisalana crude extract(0.18–6.00 mg/m L) for 24 h. Then, the cells were labeled with propidium iodide and subjected to fluorescence microscopy to verify cell viability. In addition, nitric oxide production was ***: Results showed that cells exposed to 6 mg/m L of the crude extract presented a greater percentage of death when compared to control(73.8% ± 9.6% vs. 34.6% ± 9.6%).Furthermore, there was an increase in the nitric oxide production in cells exposed to 6 mg/m L of A. sisalana crude extract [(0.81 ± 0.08) mmol/L] compared to control group[(0.41 ± 0.18) mmol/L].Conclusions: The results show that A. sisalana is cytotoxic to Ae. aegypti and may be used as raw material for new eco-friendly and inexpensive insecticides, since sisal industry discards the liquid waste for the extraction of plant fiber.

关键词： Sisal Cell culture Mosquito Insecticide

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History, current status, and prospects of soybean production and research in sub-Saharan Africa

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 226-235页

作者： Dalia Mohamedkheir Khojely Seifeldin Elrayah Ibrahim Enoch Sapey Tianfu Han MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Gezira research Station Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) Oil Palm Breeding and Genetics CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a non-native and non-staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) with potential to be a commercial crop owing to its wide range of uses as food, feed,and industrial raw material. Soybean was first introduced to SSA by Chinese traders in the19 th century and was cultivated as an economic crop as early as 1903 in South Africa. In the past four decades, soybean cultivation area and production in SSA has increased exponentially, from about 20,000 ha and 13,000 t in the early 1970 s to 1,500,000 ha and2,300,000 t in 2016. Soybean yield has been stagnant in SSA for decades at about 1.1 t ha^(-1),much lower than the world average, representing one of the most challenging issues in the soybean industry in SSA. The low soybean yield in SSA can be attributed to the use of poorperforming varieties and to the limited application of fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants in soils with no history of soybean production. South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda are the leading soybean producers in SSA. Soybean research in SSA is conducted by international and national research institutions, including IITA, national soybean improvement programs, universities, and the private sector. Between 1970 and 2011, 195 soybean varieties were released by IITA, private breeders, and national soybean improvement programs in SSA. This paper reviews the history and current state of soybean production and of the utilization and adoption of tropical varieties in SSA, addresses the major soybean yield-limiting factors across the region, and discusses the potential of the soybean industry in SSA. It also highlights soybean improvement efforts and lessons learned from previous soybean improvement efforts and the current progress of some national soybean improvement programs in SSA. Opportunities for scaling up tropical soybean as a major crop across SSA countries are promising.

关键词： Soybean Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) History Current status Prospects

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Determination of optimum tapping date for gum arabic production in South Kordofan State, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry research 2011年第4期22卷 685-688页

作者： Idris Musa Adam Kamal E.M. Fadl agricultural research corporation Kadugli Research Station P.O. Box 10 Kadugli Sudan agricultural research corporation El-Obeid Research Station P.O. Box 429 El-Obeid Sudan.

Acacia senegal, the gum arabic producing tree, is the most important tree species for the livelihood of the people in South Kordofan State, Sudan. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum tapping date for gum arabic production in the study area. A randomized complete block design experiment with three replications was conducted at （Mead） area for two continuous growing seasons 2008/2009 - 2009/2010. The treatments comprised six tapping dates （1 Oct, 15 Oct, 1 Nov, 15 Nov, 1 Dec, and 15 Dec）. Results ishowed highly significant differences （p 〈 0.001） in gum arabic yield （g／tree） in all pickings and in the total gum yield between the tapping dates. The results also showed that tapping of trees on 15 October and 1 November gave a higher yield compared to the other dates. The highest gum yield of 1086.6 and 661.2 g/tree was recorded on 15 October and 15 November, while the lowest gum yield of 297.9 g/tree was recorded when the trees were tapped on 1 October. The two highest-yield dates of tapping （15 Oct and 1 Nov） are recommended as the best time for tapping for gum arabic production in South Kordofan State. These results can be used to increase gum arabic production and farmer income in South Kordofan State.

关键词： gum Arabic date of tapping agroforestry system SouthKordofan Sudan

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Evaluation of Soil Quality Indicators in Sugarcane Management in Sandy Loam Soil

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Pedosphere 2009年第3期19卷 312-322页

作者： S.A.C.SANT'ANNA M.F.FERNANDES W.M.P.M.IVO J.L.S.COSTA Brazilian agricultural research corporation (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands) Av. Beira Mar 3250 Aracaju SE 49025- 040 (Brazil) Departament of Physiology Universidade Federal de Sergipe So Cristóvo SE 49100-000 (Brazil) Brazilian agricultural research corporation (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands) Av. Beira Mar 3250 Aracaju SE 49025-040 (Brazil) Brazilian agricultural research corporation (Embrapa) Brasília DF 70770-901 (Brazil)

An important factor for the sustainability of soils highly susceptible to degradation is the use of monitoring tools that promptly and realistically reflect changes imposed on soil by different cropping systems. To select soil quality indicator variables in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) production areas that fulfill the criteria of sensitivity to management practices and between-season consistency in the management discrimination, ten composite soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected in July 2005 (rainy season) and again in March 2006 (dry season) from areas under cultivation of organic sugarcane (OS), green sugarcane (GS), burned sugarcane (BS) and from an adjacent native forest (NF) area at Usina Triunfo, Boca da Mata, Alagoas, Brazil. Microbial biomass-C (MBC), total organic C (TOC), soil enzyme activity expressed as the rate of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis, mean weight diameter of water-stable soil aggregates (MWD), and percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (PWSA) were analyzed. Although MBC and TOC were higher in NF than in the cultivated areas, no differences were observed in these C pools between the three sugarcane systems. The response of FDA to the site management was dependent on the sampling time. In the rainy period, the activity followed the order: NF > OS > GS > BS, whereas in the dry season, only NF differed from the other treatments. Irrespective of the sampling time, MWD and PWSA decreased in the order NF > OS = GS > BS. The variables MWD and PWSA are quite sensitive for discriminating between site management histories regardless the sampling season.

关键词： fiuorescein diacetate green-sugarcane organic matter management sugarcane (Saccharum oJficinarum L.) sustainable agricultural use

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Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Ditylenchus dipsaci and Alternatives for Its Management in Green Onion Allium fistulosum Crops from Colombia

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agricultural Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1516-1534页

作者： Donald Riascos-Ortiz Jean Caicedo-Castro Carlos Arboleda-Riascos Francisco Sánchez Ana T. Mosquera-Espinosa Francia Varón De Agudelo colombian corporation for agricultural research-agrosavia Pasto Colombia Programa de Agronomía Universidad del Pacífico Buenaventura Colombia Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira Colombia

Green onion is one of the most consumed vegetables in Colombia. However, its production is negatively affected by the nematode Ditylenchus. To determine the species of the nematode, as well as to propose management strategies for its control, in the present study the morphological, morphometric, and molecular characterization of the phytonematode was carried out and was used to evaluate the effect of immersion of the propagation material in water hot, application of a commercial strain of Purpureocillium lilacinum and the application of an agrochemical with insecticidal-nematicidal action to control the phytosanitary problem under field conditions. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of the nematode were similar to those reported for the type and reference populations of D. dipsaci. Based on sequences of the D2-D3 segment and Internal Transcribed Spacer-ITS of the rRNA, the presence of D. dipsaci in green onion crops in Colombia was confirmed. The application of P. lilacinum statistically showed an efficient control of D. dipsaci, at the same time that presented the highest yield, in relation to the other evaluated treatments (P ≤ 0.05).

关键词： Onion Rot Stem and Bulb Nematode D2-D3 ITS Purpureocillium lilacinum

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