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Direct generation of Zn metal using laser-induced ZnS to eradicate carbon emissions from electrolysis Zn production

Frontiers of environmental science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 83-95页

作者： Ying Chen Ning Duan Linhua Jiang Fuyuan Xu Guangbin Zhu Yao Wang Yong Liu Wen Cheng Yanli Xu State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China School of environmental science and Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Materials science and Engineering Anhui University of Science&TechnologyHuainan 232001China

In response to the goal of net-zero emissions proposed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Chinese government has pledged that carbon emissions will peak by 2030, and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. However, the high carbon energy structure of traditional industries has aggravated environmental problems, such as greenhouse effect and air pollution. The goal of carbon neutrality will be difficult to achieve without the development of disruptive theories and technologies. The electrolytic zinc industry requires high-temperature roasting at ~1000 ℃, generating large amounts of greenhouse gases and SO_(2). High concentrations of sulfuric acid (200 g/L) are subsequently used for electrolysis, and each ton of zinc produced generates 50 kg of anode slime with lead content of up to 16%, as well as 0.35 m3 of wastewater containing zinc and lead. To solve these problems, an optical metallurgy method is proposed in this study. The proposed method uses laser-induced photoreduction to decompose ZnS and reduce metal ions to metal. Results indicate that Zn0 and S8 can be detected on the surface of ZnS at a specific wavelength and laser fluence. The generation mechanism of Zn0 is such that laser induces an electronic transition that breaks ionic bond in ZnS, resulting in its decomposition and photoreduction to Zn0 under an inert argon gas atmosphere. This method does not reduce other metals in the mineral since it does not use high-temperature roasting, providing a new way of producing high-purity metal without greenhouse gas emissions and heavy metal pollution caused by traditional zinc electrolysis.

关键词： Laser metallurgy ZnS Photochemical reduction Zinc

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Mass transfer characteristics of chiral pharmaceuticals on membrane used for polar organic chemical integrative sampler

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Journal of environmental sciences 2024年第2期136卷 670-681页

作者： Liyang Wang Ruixia Liu Youya Zhou Peng Yuan Xiaoling Liu Hongjie Gao college of Water science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100018China State Key Laboratory of environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental ScienceBeijing 100012China Technical Centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100012China

Passive sampling technology has good application prospects for monitoring trace pollutants in aquatic *** research on the sampling mechanism of this technology is essential to improve the measurement accuracy and extend the application scope of this *** this study,adsorption and permeation experiments were performed to investigate the sorption and mass transfer properties of five chiral pharmaceuticals at the enantiomeric level on polyethersulfone(PES)and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)membranes used in a polar organic chemical integrative *** adsorption experiments showed that the PES membrane had an adsorption phenomenon for most selected pollutants and an insignificant sorption behavior was observed for all selected pharmaceuticals on the PTFE membrane except for R(S)-*** diffusion coefficients of selected pharmaceuticals onto the PTFE membrane were approximately one order of magnitude higher than those onto the PES *** permeation experiment indicated that under different hydraulic conditions,the change of the relative pollutant concentration through the PTFE membrane for the composite pollutant system was more obvious than that for the single pollutant system,and mass transfer hysteresis exists for both contaminant systems through PES *** the first-order equation or 3-component model to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficients,the results showed that the overall mass transfer coefficient values of pollutants in the composite pollutant system onto both membranes were higher than those in the single pollutant *** parameter was mainly influenced by the synergistic effects of the multi-analyte interaction and diminished water boundary layers during the mass transfer process.

关键词： Sorption phenomenon Permeation behavior Mass transfer properties Modeling calculation Chiral pharmaceuticals PES and PTFE membrane

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Spatially explicit reconstruction of cropland cover in Europe from AD 1800 to 2000

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2953-2971页

作者： Jun LI Yu YE Xiuqi FANG Diyang ZHANG Zhilei WU Faculty of Geographical science Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of environmental Change and Natural Disaster Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal University college of Geographical science Qinghai Normal University

One of the challenges in global change research is the significant uncertainty in global historical land use and land cover(LUCC) datasets, which are widely used as foundational data. In addition to the regional cropland area reconstructions,improving the grid allocation method is another feasible way to raise the reliability of historical LUCC data. In this study, an integrated reconstruction of the national cropland areas over the past 200 years was developed for 36 European countries. After that, the allocation algorithm was built using physiogeographic variables and historical city sites for accounting for land suitability and cultivation preferences, respectively. Finally, cropland data in Europe with a spatial resolution of 5′×5′ at five time sections from AD 1800 to 2000 were generated using the optimal allocation algorithm in accordance with the stages of the regional history. The results were as follows:(1) The dominant factors governing the distribution of croplands in Europe vary at different agricultural stages, but the results can be merged together. Land suitability was more optimal for allocation during the modern agricultural stage(AD 1950 and 2000); the priority index combined with land suitability and cultivation preference was more reasonable for allocation during the traditional agricultural stage(AD 1800). The average of the allocations by priority index and the land suitability could be adopted as the allocation results during the transitional stage(AD 1850 and 1900) because the grids for absolute differences within ±10 and ±20 percentage points between the results obtained from the above two allocations were above 80% and 95%, respectively, which means the two allocation results could be merged.(2) Over the past200 years, the total cropland area in Europe first increased to a peak in AD 1900 and then decreased. Spatially, the centre of the higher cropland fraction shifted from the western part of Europe in AD 1800 to the eastern part of the co

关键词： Land use and land cover change Historical cropland Gridding allocation Europe Past 200 years

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Paving the way toward soil safety and health:current status,challenges,and potential solutions

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Frontiers of environmental science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 63-73页

作者： Chiheng Chu Lizhong Zhu college of environmental and Resource sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Soil is a non-renewable resource,providing a majority of the world’s food and fiber while serving as a vital carbon ***,the health of soil faces global threats from human activities,particularly widespread contamination by industrial *** physical,chemical,and biological remediation approaches encounter challenges in preserving soil structure and function throughout the remediation process,as well as addressing the complexities of soil contamination on a regional *** solutions encompass monitoring and simulating soil processes,with a focus on utilizing big data to bridge micro-scale and macro-scale ***,reducing pollutant emissions to soil is paramount due to the significant challenges associated with removing contaminants once they have entered the soil,coupled with the high economic costs of ***,it is imperative to implement advanced remediation technologies,such as monitored natural attenuation,and embrace holistic soil management approaches that involve regulatory frameworks,soil health indicators,and soil safety monitoring *** the enduring health and resilience of soils necessitates a blend of interdisciplinary research,technological innovation,and collaborative initiatives.

关键词： Soil safety and health Source emission reduction Process monitoring and simulation Green remediation technology Soil health management

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Linker gadolinium as charge channel and singlet oxygen activation site in graphitic carbon nitride for enhancing photocatalytic decomposition of tetracycline

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 827-837,I0001页

作者： Jianmin Luo Wenqin Li Xinglei Wang Eric Lichtfouse Donglan Huang Xiaoyuan Chen Yi Zhang Lejie Zhu Chuanyi Wang college of Chemistry and Civil Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan512005China Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and environmental Treatment College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceYili Normal UniversityYining 835000China college of Chemistry and environmental science Kashi UniversityKashi844006China CNRS IRDINRAEColl FranceCEREGEAix-Marseille UniversityAix en Provence13100France Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence(GIl) Guangzhou511400China

Reactive oxygen species are essential in photocatalytic water *** this paper,Gd doped carbon nitride(CN)photocatalysts were prepared by simple thermal polymerization for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline under visible light *** photodegradation rate of *** is as high as 95%in 18 min,and the photocatalytic performance is much higher than that of *** improvement of photocatalytic performance is mainly attributed to the fact that Gd ion implantation directly provides active sites for oxygen activation and induces the formation of N *** results of characterizations show that the introduction of Gd in CN can improve the conversion ability of activated oxygen,carrier separation and energy band structure ***,1.0GdCN photocatalyst can be employed for efficient photocatalytic synthesis of ***,three ways of photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline were revealed by high performance liquid chromatographymass *** work provides insights into the doping strategy of CN to improve the production of reactive oxygen species for environmental remediation.

关键词： Photocatalysis Tetracycline Hydrogen peroxide Gd doped CN Singlet oxygen Rare earths

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Influence of vapor pressure deficit on vegetation growth in China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第6期16卷 779-797页

作者： LI Chuanhua ZHANG Liang WANG Hongjie PENG Lixiao YIN Peng MIAO Peidong college of Geography and environmental science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Hebei First Surveying and Mapping Institute Shijiazhuang 050000China

Vapor pressure deficit(VPD)plays a crucial role in determining plant physiological functions and exerts a substantial influence on vegetation,second only to carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).As a robust indicator of atmospheric water demand,VPD has implications for global water resources,and its significance extends to the structure and functioning of ***,the influence of VPD on vegetation growth under climate change remains unclear in *** study employed empirical equations to estimate the VPD in China from 2000 to 2020 based on meteorological reanalysis data of the Climatic Research Unit(CRU)Time-Series version 4.06(TS4.06)and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Reanalysis 5(ERA-5).Vegetation growth status was characterized using three vegetation indices,namely gross primary productivity(GPP),leaf area index(LAI),and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation(NIRv).The spatiotemporal dynamics of VPD and vegetation indices were analyzed using the Theil-Sen median trend analysis and Mann-Kendall ***,the influence of VPD on vegetation growth and its relative contribution were assessed using a multiple linear regression *** results indicated an overall negative correlation between VPD and vegetation *** VPD intervals for the correlations between VPD and vegetation indices were identified:a significant positive correlation at VPD below 4.820 hPa,a significant negative correlation at VPD within 4.820–9.000 hPa,and a notable weakening of negative correlation at VPD above 9.000 *** exhibited a pronounced negative impact on vegetation growth,surpassing those of temperature,precipitation,and solar radiation in absolute ***_(2) contributed most positively to vegetation growth,with VPD offsetting approximately 30.00%of the positive effect of CO_(2).As the rise of VPD decelerated,its relative contribution to vegetation growth ***,the intensification of spatial variations in temperature an

关键词： vapor pressure deficit(VPD) near-infrared reflectance of vegetation(NIRv) leaf area index(LAI) gross primary productivity(GPP) Climatic Research Unit(CRU)Time-Series version 4.06(TS4.06) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Reanalysis 5(ERA-5) climate change

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Mesoporous amorphous FeOOH-encapsulated BiO_(2–x) photocatalyst with harnessing broad spectrum toward activation of persulfate for tetracycline degradation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 235-248页

作者： Pengfei Wu Zhaolong Liu Li Wu Yingkun Zhang Bing Wang Zhanghao Cheng Wenquan Cui Xiangyang Lv Qingling Liu Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air environmental Quality Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Hebei Pollution Control Technology Innovation Center of Steel and Coking Industry Department of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringHebei College of Industry and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050091China Hebei Key Laboratory of environmental Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Materials College of Chemical EngineeringNorth China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China Hebei Academy of Product Quality Supervision&Inspection Shijiazhuang 050227China

With the growing concern about the water environment,the advanced oxidation process of persulfate activation assisted by photocatalysis has attracted considerable attention to decompose dissolved organic *** this work,to overcome the drawbacks of the photocatalytic activity reduction caused by the photo-corrosion of non-stoichiometric BiO_(2–x),a novel material with amorphous FeOOH in situ grown on layered BiO_(2–x) to form a core-shell structure similar to popcorn chicken-like morphology was produced in two simple and environmentally beneficial *** a series of degradation activity tests of hybrid materials under different conditions,the as-prepared materials exhibited remarkable degradation activity and stability toward tetracycline in the FeOOH@BiO_(2–x)/Vis/PS system due to the synergism of photocatalysis and persulfate *** results of XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS,FTIR,and BET show that the loading of FeOOH increases the specific surface area and active sites appreciably;the heterogeneous structure formed by FeOOH and BiO_(2–x) is more favorable to the effective separation of photogenerated *** optimal degradation conditions were at a catalyst addition of 0.7 g·L^(–1),a persulfate concentration of 1.0 g·L^(–1),and an initial pH of 4.5,at which the degradation rate could reach 94.7%after 90 *** influence of typical inorganic anions on degradation was also *** studies and radical quenching experiments revealed that·OH,SO_(4)^(-)·,and·O_(2)^(-)were the principal active species generated during the degradation of *** results of the 1,10-phenanthroline approach proved that the effect of dissolved iron ions on the tetracycline degradation was limited,and the interfacial reaction that occurs on the active sites on the material's surface was a critical *** work provides a novel method for producing efficient broad-spectrum Bismuth-based composite photocatalysts and photocatalytic-activated persulfate synerg

关键词： Amorphous FeOOH BiO_(2–x) Activated persulfate Photocatalytic Tetracycline degradation

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Toxicity mechanisms of photodegraded polyvinyl chloride nanoplastics on pea seedlings

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Frontiers of environmental science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 111-124页

作者： Hao Wu Beibei He Bocheng Chen An Liu college of Chemistry and environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Nanoplasctics(NPs),which are very small in particle size,exert toxic effect to ***,compared to original NPs,photodegraded NPs would pose higher *** is because their relatively higher specific surface areas and the presence of additives which can more easily *** original NPs and aged NPs affect plant growth has not been widely *** work chose polyvinyl chloride NPs(PVC-NPs)that were subjected to up to 1000 h UV light radiation to explore the impact of PVC-NPs on the growth of pea seedlings(Pisum Sativum L.).The results indicated the existence of PVC-NPs with longer UV light radiation time and higher concentrations had more negative influences on pea seedlings’growth such as germination rate(decreased by 10.6%–22.5%),stem length(decreased by 2.8%–8.1%),dry weight(decreased by 6.3%–7.1%)and fresh weight(decreased by 6.7%–14.8%).It was also noted that photodegraded PVC-NPs resulted in damage to leaf stomata and roots,hindering photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients and hence the decrease in chlorophyll and soluble sugar *** to transcriptomic investigation results,the presence of aged PVC-NPs primarily influenced protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum(upregulated metabolic pathway)and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis(downregulated metabolic pathway)of pea *** results provide an in-depth understanding of how NPs influence the growth of plants.

关键词： Nanoplasctics Polyvinyl chloride Toxicity mechanisms Plant growth

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Dual modification of LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(0.06)O_(2) cathode materials by K^(+) doping and Li_(3)PO_(4) coating for lithium ions batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3007-3018页

作者： Wei Xiao Jia-Le Wang Zhi-Cheng Yi Cheng-Jin Liu Chang Miao Yu Xin Shu-Qing Nie college of Chemistry and environmental Engineering Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434023China

Li_(3)PO_(4)@Li_(0.99)K_(0.01)Ni_(0.83)Co_(0.11)Mn_(O.06)O_(2)(NCM-KP) cathode powders are synthesized via K^(+)doping in calcination processes and H_3PO_4 coating in sol-gel processes.K^(+) precisely enters into the lattice to widen the(003) plane to 0.4746 nm with a lower cationic disordered degree of 1.87%.Moreover,the surface residual lithium salts are treated by H_3PO_4 to generate a uniform Li_(3)PO_(4) coating layer of approximately 11.41 nm,which completely covers on the surface of secondary spherical particles to improve the interfacial *** 25℃,the NCM-KP electrode delivers a discharge specific capacity of 148.9 mAh·g^(-1) with a remarkable capacity retention ratio of 84.1% after 200 cycles at 1.0C and retains a high reversible specific capacity of 154.4 mAh·g^(-1) at *** at 1.0C and 60℃,it can maintain a reversible discharge specific capacity of 114.6 mAh·g^(-1) with 0.21% of capacity decay per cycle after 200 cycles,which is significantly lower than 0.40% for the pristine NCM ***,the charge transfer resistance of 238.89 Ω for the NCM-KP electrode is significantly lower than 947.41 Ω for the pristine NCM one by restricting the interfacial side ***,combining K+doping and Li_(3)PO_(4) coating is an effective strategy to enable the significant improvement of the electrochemical property of high-nickel cathode materials,which may be mainly attributed to the widened diffusion pathway and the formed Li_(3)PO_(4) protective layer,thus promoting Li~+diffusion rate and preventing the erosion of HF.

关键词： High-nickel cathode material Residual lithium K^(+)doping Li_(3)PO_(4)coating Lithium ions battery

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Practical cloud storage auditing using serverless computing

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 33-47页

作者： Fei CHEN Jianquan CAI Tao XIANG Xiaofeng LIAO college of Computer science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University college of Computer science Chongqing University

Cloud storage auditing research is dedicated to solving the data integrity problem of outsourced storage on the cloud. In recent years, researchers have proposed various cloud storage auditing schemes using different techniques. While these studies are elegant in theory, they assume an ideal cloud storage model;that is, they assume that the cloud provides the storage and compute interfaces as required by the proposed schemes. However, this does not hold for mainstream cloud storage systems because these systems only provide read and write interfaces but not the compute interface. To bridge this gap, this work proposes a serverless computing-based cloud storage auditing system for existing mainstream cloud object storage. The proposed system leverages existing cloud storage auditing schemes as a basic building block and makes two adaptations. One is that we use the read interface of cloud object storage to support block data requests in a traditional cloud storage auditing scheme. Another is that we employ the serverless computing paradigm to support block data computation as traditionally required. Leveraging the characteristics of serverless computing, the proposed system realizes economical, pay-as-you-go cloud storage auditing. The proposed system also supports mainstream cloud storage upper layer applications(e.g., file preview) by not modifying the data formats when embedding authentication tags for later auditing. We prototyped and open-sourced the proposed system to a mainstream cloud service, i.e., Tencent Cloud. Experimental results show that the proposed system is efficient and promising for practical use. For 40 GB of data, auditing takes approximately 98 s using serverless computation. The economic cost is 120.48 CNY per year, of which serverless computing only accounts for 46%. In contrast, no existing studies reported cloud storage auditing results for real-world cloud services.

关键词： cloud storage auditing serverless computing object storage usability

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