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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal phylogenetic groups differ in affecting host plants along heavy metal levels

Journal of Environmental sciences 2014年第10期26卷 2034-2040页

作者： Lei He Haishui Yang Zhenxing Yu Jianjun Tang Ligen Xu Xin Chen college of life sciences Zhejiang University

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF） are important components of soil microbial communities,and play important role in plant growth. However, the effects of AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） on host plant under various heavy metal levels are not clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to compare symbiotic relationship between AMF phylogenetic groups（Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae） and host plant functional groups（herbs vs. trees, and non-legumes vs. legumes） at three heavy metal levels. In the meta-analysis, we calculate the effect size（ln（RR）） by taking the natural logarithm of the response ratio of inoculated to non-inoculated shoot biomass from each study. We found that the effect size of Glomeraceae increased, but the effect size of non-Glomeraceae decreased under high level of heavy metal compared to low level. According to the effect size, both Glomeraceae and non-Glomeraceae promoted host plant growth, but had different effects under various heavy metal levels. Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than non-Glomeraceae did under heavy metal condition, while non-Glomeraceae provided more benefit to host plants than Glomeraceae did under no heavy metal. AMF phylogenetic groups also differed in promoting plant functional groups under various heavy metal *** with Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under high heavy metal level, while trees and legumes grew better than herbs and non-legumes did under medium heavy metal level. Interacting with non-Glomeraceae, herbs and legumes grew better than trees and non-legumes did under no heavy metal. We suggested that the combination of legume with Glomeraceae could be a useful way in the remediation of heavy metal polluted environment.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Heavy metal level Glomeraceae Non-Glomeraceae Meta-analysis

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Cytotoxicity of pilocarpine to human corneal stromal cells and its underlying cytotoxic mechanisms

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第4期9卷 505-511页

作者： Xiao-Long Yuan Qian Wen Meng-Yu Zhang Ting-Jun Fan Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China

AIM： To examine the cytotoxic effect of pilocarpine, an anti-glaucoma drug, on human corneal stromal（HCS）cells and its underlying cytotoxic mechanisms using an in vitro model of non-transfected HCS cells.· METHODS： After HCS cells were treated with pilocarpine at a concentration from 0.15625 g/L to 20.0 g/L,their morphology and viability were detected by light microscopy and MTT assay. The membrane permeability,DNA fragmentation and ultrastructure were examined by acridine orange（AO）/ethidium bromide（EB） double-staining. DNA electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, cell cycle, phosphatidylserine（PS）orientation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential（MTP） were assayed by flow cytometry（FCM）. And the activation of caspases was checked by ELISA.· RESULTS： Morphology observations and viability assay showed that pilocarpine at concentrations above0.625 g/L induced dose- and time-dependent morphological abnormality and viability decline of HCS cells. AO/EB double-staining, DNA electrophoresis and TEM noted that pilocarpine at concentrations above 0.625 g/L induced dose- and/or time-dependent membrane permeability elevation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation of the cells. Moreover, FCM and ELISA assays revealed that 2.5 g/L pilocarpine also induced S phase arrest, PS externalization, MTP disruption, and caspase-8,-9 and-3 activation of the cells.· CONCLUSION： Pilocarpine at concentrations above0.625 g/L（1/32 of its clinical therapeutic dosage） has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCS cells by inducing apoptosis in these cells, which is most probably regulated by a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent signaling pathway.

关键词： pilocarpine cytotoxicity human corneal stromal cells apoptosis mitochondrion

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Inducement of Salicylic Acid in Cucumber Cotyledons by Neodymium and Lanthanum

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Journal of Rare Earths 2007年第4期25卷 502-507页

作者：张鹏英陈靠山 college of life sciences Shandong University

The cotyledons of cucumber were used to investigate the effects of Nd^3＋ and La^3＋ on physiological characters in respect of plant resistance. The cucumber cotyledons were sprayed with 15 μg · ml^-1· Nd^3＋ and La^3＋, and the changers on salicylic acid （SA） and SA 2-O-β-glucoside （SAG） contents, the generation of ·O2^-, and β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities were measured. The results demonstrated that the yields of endogenous SA and SAG in cucumber cotyledons were enhanced significantly in a short time in response to Nd^3＋ and La^3＋ treatments. At 3 h after La^3＋ treatment, the levels of SA and SAG reached the maximum, with 4.3 and 3.3-fold of that in control （CK）, respectively. At 12 h after Nd3＋ treatment, the contents of SA and SAG reached peak levels, increased by 4.5 and 3.0-fold of that in control （CK）, respec- tively. These two components were kept in a higher level up to 72 h after treatment. The generation rate of · O2^- increased gradually in the treatments of Nd^3＋ or La^3＋, and then decreased in cucumber at 12 h. β-1,3-glucanase activity reached peak at 3 h, while chitinase activity reached peak at 12 h, and then both decreased gradually in Nd^3＋ or La^3＋ treatments. At 72 h after treatment, activities of β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase increased by about 30% and 50%, as compared with CK. Therefore, these results suggested that both Nd^3＋ and La^3＋ could increase the contents of endogenous SA and its related factors which induce plant resistance through the signal pathway of the salicylic acid.

关键词： La^3+ Nd^3+ cucumber salicylic acid resistance rare earths

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Targeting cholesterol trafficking to mitigate axonal degeneration in hereditary spastic paraplegia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1397-1398页

作者： Zhenyu Chen Xue-Jun Li Department of Biomedical sciences University of Illinois College of Medicine RockfordRockfordILUSA Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Axonal degeneration underlies many debilitating diseases including hereditary spastic paraplegia(HSP),a genetically and clinically diverse group of disorders characterized by spasticity and weakness of the lower *** is one significant cause of chronic neurodisability due to the lack of effective treatments and a wide range of onset ages from early childhood to 70 years.

关键词： degeneration diseases hereditary

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Isolation and Expression Analysis of FTZ-F1 Encoding Gene of Black Rock Fish (Sebastes schlegelii)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2013年第1期12卷 183-189页

作者： Muhammad Shafi WANG Yanan ZHOU Xiaosu MA Liman Faiz Muhammad QI Jie ZHANG Quanqi college of marine life sciences Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education of China Ocean University of China

Sex related FTZ-F1 is a transcriptional factor regulating the expression of fushi tarazu (a member of the orphan nuclear receptors) gene. In this study, FTZ-F1 gene (FTZ-F1) was isolated from the testis of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) by homology cloning. The full-length cDNA of S. schlegeli FTZ-F1 (ssFTZ-F1) contained a 232bp 5′UTR, a 1449bp ORF encoding FTZ-F1 (482 amino acid residules in length) with an estimated molecular weight of 5.4kD and a 105bp 3′UTR. Sequence, tissue distribution and phylogenic analysis showed that ssFTZ-F1 belonged to FTZ group, holding highly conserved regions including Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ FTZ-F1 boxes and an AF-2 hexamer. Relatively high expression was observed at different larva stages. In juveniles (105 days old), the transcript of ssFTZ-F1 can be detected in all tissues and the abuncance of the gene transcript in testis, ovary, spleen and brain was higher than that in other tissues. In mature fish, the abundance of gene transcript was higher in testis, ovary, spleen and brain than that in liver (trace amount), and the gene was not transcribed in other tissues. The highest abundance of gene transcript was always observed in gonads of both juvenile and mature fish. In addition, the abundance of gene transcript in male tissues were higher than that in female tissue counterparts (P<0.05).

关键词： Sebastes schlegelii FTZ-F1 cloning expression

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Improvement of Nannochloropsis oceanica growth performance through chemical mutation and characterization of fast growth physiology by transcriptome profiling

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第4期35卷 792-802页

作者：梁思杰郭栗林根妹张忠义丁海燕王亚梅杨官品 Laboratory of marine Genetics and Breeding Ocean University of China college of marine life sciences Ocean University of China Institutes of Evolution and marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China

Nannochloropsis oceanica promises to be an industrial-level producer of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the fastest and slowest growing N. oceanica mutants were selected through N-methyl-N＇-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutation, and two mutant strains and the wild type （WT） subjected to transcriptome profiling. It was found that the 0D680 reads at stationary growth phase of both WT and its mutants were proportional to their cell density, thus indicating their division rate and growth speed during culture. This chemical mutation was effective for improving growth performance, and the fast strain divided faster by upregulating the expression of genes functioning in the cell cycle and downregulating genes involved in synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars as well as the construction of ribosome and photosynthetic machinery. However, the relationship among the effected genes responsible for cell cycle, metabolism of fatty and amino acids, and construction of ribosome and photosynthetic machinery remained unclear. Further genetic studies are required for clarifying the genetic/metabolic networks underpinning the growth performance ofN. oceanica. These findings demonstrated that this mutation strategy was effective for improving the growth performance of this species and explored a means ofmicroalgal genetic improvement, particularly in species possessing a monoploid nucleus and asexual reproduction.

关键词： Nannochloropsis oceanica mutation cell cycle transcriptome

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Changes in Global DNA Methylation Intensity and DNMT1 Transcription During the Aging Process of Scallop Chlamys farreri

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第4期14卷 685-690页

作者： LIAN Shanshan HE Yan LI Xue ZHAO Bosong HOU Rui HU Xiaoli ZHANG Lingling BAO Zhenmin Key Laboratory of marine Genetics and Breeding(MGB) of Ministry of Education College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic regulatory mechanism that influences genomic stability, gene activation, X-chromosome inactivation and other factors. A change in DNA methylation is usually associated with aging and cellular senescence. DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1) is the most abundant DNA methyltransferase, and it plays an important role in maintaining the established methylation pattern during DNA replication in vertebrates. Although the effect of aging on DNA methylation has been well studied in vertebrates, little research has been conducted in invertebrates, especially in marine bivalves. In this study, we examined global DNA methylation levels in four groups of adult Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri at different ages. The results showed that both the age and tissue type had a strong effect on the DNA methylation. In addition, a significant decrease in DNA methylation with aging(1–4 years) can be detected in mantle, kidney and hepatopancreas. We further measured the change in DNMT1 transcript abundance using quantitative reverse transcription PCR(q RT-PCR), which revealed that DNMT1 transcription significantly decreased with aging in mantle and hepatopancreas and strongly correlated with DNA methylation(R = 0.72). Our data provided greater insight into the aging-related decline of DNA methylation, which could aid in gaining a better understanding of the relationship between DNA methylation and the aging process in bivalve mollusks.

关键词： aging DNA methylation DNMT1 transcription Chlamysfarreri

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Identification of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) Genes in Zhikong Scallop (Chlamys farreri)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2013年第1期12卷 97-102页

作者： GUO Huihui BAO Zhenmin DU Huixia ZHANG Lingling WANG Shi SUN Luyang MOU Xiaoyu HU Xiaoli Key Laboratory of marine Genetics and Breeding (MGB) Ministry of EducationCollege of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China

Cytochrome P450 （CYP） superfamily is one of the membership largest and function most diverse protein superfamily recogniozed among living beings. Members of this superfamily were further assigned to different families and subfamilies based on their amino acid similarities. According to their phylogenetic relationships, the CYP genes which likely diverged from common ancestor gene and may share common functions were grouped into one clan. Widely distributing scallops are a group of the most conspicuous bivalve; however the studies on their CYP is acarce. In this study, we searched the genome and expressed sequence tags of Zhikong scallop （Chlamysfarreri） for CYP genes. In total, 88 non-redundant CIfP were identified, which were homed in 13 CYPs gene families. Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into 4 CYP clans. As in deuterostomes, Clan 2 was the largest, which contained 33 genes belonging to CYP1, CYP2, CYP17 and CYP356 families. Clan 3 contgained 19 genes belonging to CYP3, CYP5 and CYP30 families. Clan 4 contained 23 genes, all belonging to CYP4 family. The mitochondrial CYP clan contained 9 genes belonging to CYPIO and CYP24 families. In comparison, protostomes （C. farreri, D. pluex, D. melanogaster） contained more CYP genes than deuterostomes （S. purpuratus and vertebrates） in Clan 2 but less genes in Clan 3 and Clan 4. Our findings will aid to deciphering CYP function and evolution in scallops and bivalves.

关键词： cytochrome P450 CYP Zhikong scallop Chlamysfarreri phylogenetic analysis

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Novel Functions of Interleukin-1 Beta in Spotted Halibut(Verasper variegatus) at Its Embryonic and Metamorphic Stages

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第5期17卷 1197-1208页

作者： LI Zan LIU Xiumei CAO DANDan LIU Yuezhong WANG Xubo LIU Jinxiang WANG Zhigang ZHANG Quanqi YU Haiyang School of Agriculture Ludong University Key Laboratory of marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of China

Interleukin-lbeta （IL-1β） is a cytokine involved in the control of inflammatory responses. The functions of IL-1β have been extensively studied in many vertebrates. However, few studies focused on the functions of IL-1β in the spotted halibut （Verasper variegatus）, an endangered aquatic fish that easily suffers from bacterial and viral infections. We first cloned and sequenced the IL-1β gene from V. variegatus （VvIL-1β）. Its conservative interleukin-1 propeptide and interleukin-1/18 domains corresponding regions, characteristics of the IL-1 protein family and TA-rich motifs relating to inflammatory responses were similar to those of the IL-1β genes from other teleost and mammals. The phylogenetic analysis showed that VvIL-1β was homologous to the IL-1β gene of other vertebrates. Treatment with pathogen-associated molecular patterns （PAMPs） induced a significant and rapid up-regulation of VvIL-1β expression in the peripheral blood leukocytes （PBLs）, revealing that VvIL-1β is actively involved in the host ilmnune responses against bacterial and viral pathogens. The expression level of VvIL-1β was relatively high in the PBLs, gill, and intestine, indicating the immunological function of VvIL-1β . VvIL-1β also had interesting expression patterns at specific developmental stages, implying that the IL-1β of flatfishes may have some novel functions during embryonic development and metamorphosis. The 3D structure prediction also provided information about how VvIL-113 interacts with its receptor protein. These results suggested that VvIL-1β may have multiple functions in V. variegatus and provided us valuable information for understanding the novel functions of IL- 1β.

关键词： IL-1β Verasper variegatus expression pattern metamorphosis peripheral blood leukocyte 3D modeling pathogenassociated molecular pattern

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Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the salt-tolerant eelgrass species, Zostera marina

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第8期32卷 68-78页

作者： KONG Fanna ZHOU Yang SUN Peipei LIU Limin MAO Yunxiang college of marine life sciences Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of marine Biology Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

Zostera marina, a monocotyledonous angiosperm, is one of the most important seagrass species. To inves- tigate the salt-tolerance mechanism and discover salt-tolerant genes in Z. marina, a cDNA library was con- structed. Single-pass sequencing of the 5＇ ends of 4 081 clones yielded 4 002 high quality expressed sequence tags （ESTs）, which were assembled into 241 contigs and 1 673 singletons, representing 1 914 unigenes. The average length of the ESTs was 582 bp, with sizes ranging from 100-1 500 bp. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool （BLASTX） analysis revealed that 1 664 unigenes had significant homology to known genes in the Na- tional Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI） non-redundant （nr） database （E-value≤5-10）. Among them, the two most abundant genes encoded metallothionein （157 ESTs） and chlorophyll a/b-binding pro- tein （38 ESTs）, accounting for 7.1% and 1.7% of the total ESTs, respectively. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG）, 1 462 unigenes were assigned to 1 161 pathways （E-value≤5-10）. A total of 938 unigenes were assigned Gene Ontology （GO） terms based on the GO hierarchy analysis, and InterProScan searches recognized 1 003 InterPro families. Three genes for metallothionein in Z. marina that belonged to Class II was identified. Results of this study will improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms of saline tolerance in Z. marina.

关键词： expressed sequence tags (ESTs) gene function metallothionein salt-tolerant genes Zostera marina

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