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Molecular breakthroughs in modern plant breeding techniques

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 15-41页

作者： Mughair Abdul Aziz Khaled Masmoudi Department of Integrative agriculture College of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl-AinAbu-DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Advancements in molecular approaches have been utilized to breed crops with a wide range of economically valuable traits to develop superior *** review provides a concise overview of modern breakthroughs in molecular plant *** and high-throughput phenotyping methods for predictive plant breeding are briefly *** this study,we explore contemporary molecular breeding techniques for producing desirable crop *** techniques include cisgenesis,clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR/Cas9)gene editing,haploid induction,and de novo *** examine the speed breeding approach-a strategy for cultivating plants under controlled *** further highlight the significance of modern breeding technologies in efficiently utilizing agricultural resources for crop production in urban *** deciphering of crop genomes has led to the development of extensive DNA markers,quantitative trait loci(QTLs),and pangenomes associated with various desirable crop *** shift to the genotypic selection of crops considerably expedites the plant breeding *** on the plant population used,the connection between genotypic and phenotypic data provides several genetic elements,including genes,markers,and alleles that can be used in genomic breeding and gene *** integration of speed breeding with genomic-assisted breeding and cutting-edge genome editing tools has made it feasible to rapidly manipulate and generate multiple crop cycles and accelerate the plant breeding *** in molecular techniques have led to substantial improvements in modern breeding methods.

关键词： Plant breeding Molecular approaches Genotype Phenotype Crop traits

Pristine/magnesium-loaded biochar and ZVI affect rice grain arsenic speciation and cadmium accumulation through different pathways in an alkaline paddy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 630-641页

作者： Chen Zhang Dong Shi Chao Wang Guoxin Sun Huafen Li Yanxia Hu Xiaona Li Yanhui Hou Ruilun Zheng Institute of Grassland Flowers and EcologyBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

Cadmium(Cd)and arsenic(As)co-contamination has threatened rice production and food *** is challenging to mitigate Cd and As contamination in rice simultaneously due to their opposite geochemical ***-loaded biochar with outstanding adsorption capacity for As and Cd was used for the first time to remediate Cd/As contaminated paddy *** addition,the effect of zero-valent iron(ZVI)on grain As speciation accumulation in alkaline paddy soils was first *** effect of rice straw biochar(SC),magnesiumloaded rice straw biochar(Mg/SC),and ZVI on concentrations of Cd and As speciation in soil porewater and their accumulation in rice tissueswas investigated in a pot *** of SC,Mg/SC and ZVI to soil reduced Cd concentrations in rice grain by 46.1%,90.3%and 100%,and inorganic As(iAs)by 35.4%,33.1%and 29.1%,respectively,and reduced Cd concentrations in porewater by 74.3%,96.5%and 96.2%,*** of 51.6%and 87.7%in porewater iAs concentrationswere observed with Mg/SC and ZVI amendments,but notwith *** acid(DMA)concentrations in porewater and grain increased by a factor of 4.9 and 3.3,respectively,with ZVI *** three amendments affected grain concentrations of iAs,DMA and Cd mainly by modulating their translocation within plant and the levels of As(Ⅲ),silicon,dissolved organic carbon,iron or Cd in *** three amendments(SC,Mg/SC and ZVI)have the potential to simultaneously mitigate Cd and iAs accumulation in rice grain,although the pathways are different.

关键词： Cadmium(Cd) Arsenic(As)speciation Co-contamination Magnesium-loaded biochar Zero-valent iron(ZVI) Rice

Combining slow-release fertilizer and plastic film mulching reduced the carbon footprint and enhanced maize yield on the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 359-369页

作者： Xiaoqing Han Pengfei Dang Lechen Liao Fangqi Song Miaomiao Zhang Maoxue Zhang Guoqing Li Shuyue Wen Ning Yang Xiping Pan Xiaofan Wang WenWang Xiaoliang Qin Charles O.Joseph Kadambot H.M.Siddique college of Agronomy Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Department of Crop Sciences and Beekeeping Technology college of Agricultural Sciences and Food Technology University of Dar es SalaamMwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani CampusP.O.Box 35091Dar es SalaamTanzania college of Life Science Yulin UniversityChongwen Road No.4YulinShaanxi719000China The UWA Institute of agriculture and School of agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize *** film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau *** slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop *** these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid ***,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research ***,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental *** results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.

关键词： Plastic film mulching Slow-release fertilizer Maize grain yield Carbon footprint Economic benefits

Cereal-legume intercropping stimulates straw decomposition and promotes soil organic carbon stability

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Wei Wang Meng-Ying Li Qing-Hui Wen Yue Ma Zhi-Ming Zhang Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman Fei Mo Hong-Yan Tao Bao-Luo Ma Joann K.Whalen You-Cai Xiong State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems College of Ecology Lanzhou University School of ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University college of Agronomy Northwest A&F University Ottawa Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University

Increasing carbon（C） sequestration and stability in agricultural soils is a key strategy to mitigate climate change towards C neutrality. Crop diversification is an initiative to increase C sequestration in fields, but it is unclear how legume-based crop diversification impacts the functional components of soil organic carbon（SOC） in dryland, including the formation and transformation of particulate organic carbon（POC） and mineral-associated organic carbon（MAOC）. We investigated the decomposition of straw residues, the fate of photosynthesized C,as well as the formation of MAOC and POC fractions using an in situ13C labeling technique in the soybean-wheat intercropping, soybeanmaize intercropping and their respective monocropping systems, with and without cover crops. After 4-year treatments, the total SOC content in bulk soil remained unchanged, while MAOC content increased significantly by 5.6% with intercropping. Moreover, the in situ13C labeling results confirmed that more photosynthesized C was transferred to MAOC, and less was retained in the POC fraction. Intercropping significantly increased total soil N and mineral N content by 15.3% and 13.4%, respectively, and decreased soil and microbial C/N ratio by11.3% and 17.4%, respectively. This outcome, therefore, relieved microbial N limitation and accelerated straw residue ***, the potential of MAOC formation was strengthened for better SOC persistence. Our study suggests that legume-based crop diversification can effectively enrich N and support POC transformation to MAOC, accordingly contributing to the persistent SOC pool and thus potentially achieving C neutrality under climate change in dryland agroecosystems.

关键词：

Effects of Carbon-based Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties，Enzyme Activities and Microbial Communities in Maize Fields in Arid Regions

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2025年第3期46卷 1905-1914页

作者： Liu, Wei-Fan Wang, Xiao-Gang Liu, Ji-Li Wu, Na Wan, Meng-Hu Ma, Feng-Lan Liu, Hao college of agriculture Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China college of ecology and Environment Ningxia University Yinchuan750021 China

This study investigates the impact of biochar-based fertilizer on soil environmental factors and microbial communities to address how biochar-based fertilizer can improve soil conditions in arid regions and promote sustainable agricultural development. To achieve these goals,maize"Xianyu 335"was selected as the test variety and a random block design was adopted to set up five treatments:CK(conventional fertilizer at 450 kg·hm-2),T1(biochar-based fertilizer at 1 125 kg·hm-2),T2(biochar-based fertilizer at 1 013 kg·hm-2),T3(biochar-based fertilizer at 900 kg·hm-2),and T4(biochar-based fertilizer at 788 kg·hm-2). Soil samples were collected from mature corn fields and analyzed for changes in soil physicochemical properties,soil enzyme activities,and microbial diversity under the different biochar-based fertilizer treatments. The results showed that: ① Compared with that using chemical fertilizer alone,the application of biochar-based fertilizer significantly reduced the soil bulk density,increased the soil porosity and field water capacity,and increased the soil nutrients and enzyme activities. The contents of organic carbon,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus in the T1 and T2 treatments were significantly increased by 13.68%-32.63%,25.00%-26.79%,and 35.00%-47.50%,respectively. The activities of urease,sucrase,and alkaline phosphatase were significantly increased by 49.04%-91.35%,48.88%-58.71%,and 20.69%-31.03%,respectively. ② The T3 and T4 treatments reduced the Chao1,Shannon,Simpson,Faith_pd,and Pielou_e indices of microorganisms. The dominant bacteria of each treatment were Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Acidobacteria,with relative abundances ranging from 71.50%-86.66%. The T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. No significant difference was observed in the relative abundance of amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,energy metabolism,gen

关键词： Alkalinity

Heat shock transcription factors regulate thermotolerance gene networks in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)flower buds

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2025年第1期11卷 199-210页

作者： Hongwei Li Yun Liu Yongyao Li Qinqin Yang Tailai Yang Zhi Zhou Yafei Li Na Zhang Yaqing Lyu Yingfang Zhu Tao Lin college of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518124China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan 450046China

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an important fruit and vegetable crop in *** fertility of tomato reproductive organs can be dramatically decreased when ambient temperatures rise above 35°C,reducing tomato fruit *** is necessary to identify transcription factors(TFs)and target genes involved in heat stress response(HSR)signaling cascades in tomato flower buds to improve tomato plant *** this study,we profiled genes expressed in three developmental stages of tomato flower *** and turquoise modules for heat stress(HS)were identified through gene co-expression network analysis,and the genes within these modules were enriched in HS-related *** focusing on the TFs in the two modules,we identified several novel HSR-related TFs,including SlWRKY75,SlMYB117,and ***,homology analysis illustrated a conserved signaling cascade in ***,we identified and experimentally validated four HSF-regulated genes,namely SlGrpE,SlERDJ3A,SlTIL,and SlPOM1,that likely modulate thermotolerance in *** results provide a high-resolution atlas of gene expression during tomato flower bud development under HS conditions,which is a valuable resource for uncovering potential regulatory networks associated with the HSR in tomato.

关键词： Tomato Heat stress Transcriptome Transcription factor Thermotolerance

Impact of Alpine Wetland Succession to Soil Bacterial Diversity

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2025年第3期46卷 1897-1904页

作者： Dao, Ri-Na Zhang, Ying Li, Xi-Lai Li, Qiang Ma, Lin-Xiong Tie, Xiao-Long Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland ecology in the Three Rivers Source Region College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Qinghai University Xining810016 China

This study aims to explore the characteristics of change and the rules of response of the soil bacterial community structure and diversity during the evolution of alpine wetlands. It also seeks to identify the leading factors affecting changes in the soil bacterial community，with the goal of providing a scientific basis for the restoration and management of alpine wetland ecosystems. Three different types of wetlands （original alpine wetland，alpine wet meadow，and alpine meadow） were selected to represent the succession process of alpine wetlands. The composition and diversity of the soil bacterial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The findings revealed the following：① Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the predominant bacteria，with their relative abundance exceeding 20.08%. In the alpine wetland，Nitrosomonadaceae and RB41 were the dominant bacteria. Meanwhile，Chthoniobacteraceae and Candidatus_Udaeobacter were the dominant genera in the alpine wet meadow and alpine meadow，respectively. ② Although no significant change was observed in community diversity，significant differences were present in the structure of the soil bacterial community at different succession stages （P © 2025 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Abiotic

The evolutionarily diverged single-stranded DNA-binding proteins SSB1/SSB2 differentially affect the replication,recombination and mutation of organellar genomes in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 127-135页

作者： Weidong Zhu Jie Qian Yingke Hou Luke R.Tembrock Liyun Nie Yi-Feng Hsu Yong Xiang Yi Zou Zhiqiang Wu Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan modern agriculture College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China School of Life Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA School of Medical Molecular and Forensic SciencesMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6149Australia State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University Shenzhen 518000China

Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins(SSBs)play essential roles in the replication,recombination and repair processes of organellar DNA *** Arabidopsis thaliana,SSBs are encoded by a small family of two genes(SSB1 and SSB2).However,the functional divergence of these two SSB copies in plants remains largely unknown,and detailed studies regarding their roles in the replication and recombination of organellar genomes are still *** this study,phylogenetic,gene structure and protein motif analyses all suggested that SSB1 and SSB2 probably diverged during the early evolution of seed *** on accurate long-read sequencing results,ssb1 and ssb2 mutants had decreased copy numbers for both mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)and plastid DNA(ptDNA),accompanied by a slight increase in structural rearrangements mediated by intermediate-sized repeats in mt genome and small-scale variants in both *** findings provide an important foundation for further investigating the effects of DNA dosage in the regulation of mutation frequencies in plant organellar genomes.

关键词： SSB Organellar genomes Replication Recombination Mutation

The third dimension of alpine plant leaf traits is related to cold-tolerance

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Plant Diversity 2025年第1期47卷 159-165页

作者： Yuan Wang Ji Suonan Kun Liu Yanni Gao Sihao Zhu Qian Liu Ning Zhao State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina college of Life Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningChina college of ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina

Alpine plants possess unique traits to adapt alpine *** leaf trait relationships of alpine plants can be captured by the two trait dimensions of organ size and resource economics is *** hypothesized that,beyond the trait dimensions of leaf size and resource economics,nonstructured carbohydrates(NSC)would reflect a dimension of cold-tolerance in alpine *** test this hypothesis,we measured 12 leaf traits critical to leaf construction and growth in 143 species across 7 sites ranging from alpine steppes to alpine meadows along an environmental gradient on the Tibetan ***,a cold resistance experiment was conducted at one of these sites to estimate the lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT_(50))of 11 alpine *** majority of variations in 12 leaf traits of alpine plants were captured by three trait axes,in which leaf carbon(LCC)and NSC(including leaf starch;LSC and leaf soluble sugars;LSS)were clustered in a new dimension(PC3)beyond leaf size and structure,and resource *** LCC,LSC and LSS all showed negative correlations with mean annual temperature,a significant negative correlation was only found between LSS and LT_(50).It indicated that PC3 was able to reflect the cold-tolerance of alpine plants to some extent,in which LSS was the most critical *** storage and transformation of NSC under stressful conditions could reflect a dimension of long-term metabolic adaptation and cold-tolerance,which is an extension of the resource-utilization strategy beyond construction cost and growth.

关键词： Non-structured carbohydrates Resource economics Stress resistance Trait relationships The lethal temperature causing 50%frost damage(LT50)