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Improving the Segmentation of Arabic Handwriting Using Ligature Detection Technique

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2015-2034页

作者： Husam Ahmad Al Hamad Mohammad Shehab college of Computer Sciences and informatics Amman Arab UniversityAmman11953Jordan

Recognizing handwritten characters remains a critical and formidable challenge within the realm of computervision. Although considerable strides have been made in enhancing English handwritten character recognitionthrough various techniques, deciphering Arabic handwritten characters is particularly intricate. This complexityarises from the diverse array of writing styles among individuals, coupled with the various shapes that a singlecharacter can take when positioned differently within document images, rendering the task more perplexing. Inthis study, a novel segmentation method for Arabic handwritten scripts is suggested. This work aims to locatethe local minima of the vertical and diagonal word image densities to precisely identify the segmentation pointsbetween the cursive letters. The proposed method starts with pre-processing the word image without affectingits main features, then calculates the directions pixel density of the word image by scanning it vertically and fromangles 30° to 90° to count the pixel density fromall directions and address the problem of overlapping letters, whichis a commonly attitude in writing Arabic texts by many people. Local minima and thresholds are also determinedto identify the ideal segmentation area. The proposed technique is tested on samples obtained fromtwo datasets: Aself-curated image dataset and the IFN/ENIT dataset. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achievesa significant improvement in the proportions of cursive segmentation of 92.96% on our dataset, as well as 89.37%on the IFN/ENIT dataset.

关键词： Arabic handwritten segmentation image processing ligature detection technique intelligent recognition

Deep learning for drug-drug interaction prediction:A comprehensive review

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Quantitative Biology 2024年第1期12卷 30-52页

作者： Xinyue Li Zhankun Xiong Wen Zhang Shichao Liu college of informatics Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina

The prediction of drug-drug interactions(DDIs)is a crucial task for drug safety research,and identifying potential DDIs helps us to explore the mechanism behind combinatorial *** wet chemical experiments for DDI are cumbersome and time-consuming,and are too small in scale,limiting the efficiency of DDI ***,it is particularly crucial to develop improved computational methods for detecting drug *** the development of deep learning,several computational models based on deep learning have been proposed for DDI *** this review,we summarized the high-quality DDI prediction methods based on deep learning in recent years,and divided them into four categories:neural network-based methods,graph neural network-based methods,knowledge graph-based methods,and multimodal-based ***,we discuss the challenges of existing methods and future potential *** review reveals that deep learning can significantly improve DDI prediction performance compared to traditional machine *** learning models can scale to large-scale datasets and accept multiple data types as input,thus making DDI predictions more efficient and accurate.

关键词： deep learning drug-drug interactions graph neural network knowledge graph multimodal deep learning neural network

The pathogenic mechanism of TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 800-806页

作者： Xinxin Wang Yushu Hu Renshi Xu medical college of Nanchang University Department of Neurology Jiangxi Provincial People's HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical CollegeThe Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College

The onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is usually characterized by focal death of both upper and/or lower motor neurons occurring in the motor cortex,basal ganglia,brainstem,and spinal cord,and commonly involves the muscles of the upper and/or lower extremities,and the muscles of the bulbar and/or respiratory ***,as the disease progresses,it affects the adjacent body regions,leading to generalized muscle weakness,occasionally along with memory,cognitive,behavioral,and language impairments;respiratory dysfunction occurs at the final stage of the *** disease has a complicated pathophysiology and currently,only riluzole,edaravone,and phenylbutyrate/taurursodiol are licensed to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in many industrialized *** TAR DNA-binding protein 43 inclusions are observed in 97%of those diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral *** review provides a preliminary overview of the potential effects of TAR DNAbinding protein 43 in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,including the abnormalities in nucleoplasmic transport,RNA function,post-translational modification,liquid-liquid phase separation,stress granules,mitochondrial dysfunction,oxidative stress,axonal transport,protein quality control system,and non-cellular autonomous functions(e.g.,glial cell functions and prion-like propagation).

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis axonal transport liquid-liquid phase separation noncellular autonomous functions oxidative stress pathogenesis post-translational modification protein quality control system stress granules TAR DNA-binding protein 43(TDP-43)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma chemoresistance:From metabolism reprogramming to novel treatment

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Chinese medical Journal 2024年第4期137卷 408-420页

作者： Jingcheng Zhang Yutong Wang Lejunzi Wang Lei You Taiping Zhang Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Peking Union medical college Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Anaesthesia Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Clinical Immunology Centre Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

As pancreatic cancer(PC)is highly malignant,its patients tend to develop metastasis at an early stage and show a poor response to conventional ***-line chemotherapies for PC,according to current guidelines,include fluoropyrimidine-and gemcitabine-based *** research on drug resistance has shown that biochemical metabolic aberrations in PC,especially those involving glycolysis and glutamine metabolism,are highly associated with ***,lipid metabolism is a major factor in ***,emerging compounds that target these key metabolic pathways have the potential to overcome *** review summarizes how PC develops chemoresistance through aberrations in biochemical metabolism and discusses novel critical targets and pathways within cancer metabolism for new drug research.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Drug resistance Drug development Signal transduction

Progress in the generation of spinal cord organoids over the past decade and future perspectives

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1013-1019页

作者： Gang Zhou Siyuan Pang Yongning Li Jun Gao Department of Neurosurgery Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of International medical Service Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Spinal cord organoids are three-dimensional tissues derived from stem cells that recapitulate the primary morphological and functional characteristics of the spinal cord in *** emerging bioengineering methods have led to the optimization of cell culture protocols,spinal cord organoids technology has made remarkable advancements in the past *** literature search found that current spinal cord organoids do not only dynamically simulate neural tube formation but also exhibit diverse cytoarchitecture along the dorsal-ventral and rostral-caudal ***,fused organoids that integrate motor neurons and other regionally specific organoids exhibit intricate neural circuits that allows for functional *** qualities make spinal cord organoids valuable tools for disease modeling,drug screening,and tissue *** utilizing this emergent technology,researchers have made significant progress in investigating the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of spinal cord ***,at present,spinal cord organoid technology remains in its infancy and has not been widely applied in translational *** of the next generation of spinal cord organoids will depend on good manufacturing practice standards and needs to focus on diverse cell phenotypes and electrophysiological functionality evaluation.

关键词： development organoid-on-a-chip pluripotent stem cells progress spinal cord diseases spinal cord organoids vascularization

Automated evaluation of parapapillary choroidal microvasculature in crowded optic discs:a controlled,optical coherence tomography angiography study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 113-118页

作者： Hatice Arda Hidayet Sener Ozge Temizyurek Hatice Kubra Sonmez Duygu Gulmez Sevim Cem Evereklioglu Fatih Horozoglu Ayse Busra Gunay Sener Department of Ophthalmology Erciyes University Medical FacultyKayseri 38090Turkey Department of medical informatics and Biostatistics Erciyes University Medical FacultyKayseri 38090Turkey

AIM:To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCT-A).METHODS:Thirty patients with crowded discs,and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the *** eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm^(2) rectangular *** peripapillary capillary(RPC)density,peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL)thickness,cup volume,rim area,disc area,cup-to-disc(c/d)area ratio,and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically using device *** parapapillary choroidal microvasculature(PPCMv)density was calculated using MATLAB *** the vertical c/d ratio of the optic disc was absent or small cup,it was considered as a crowded ***:The mean signal strength index of OCT-A images was similar between the crowded discs and control eyes(P=0.740).There was no difference in pRNFL between the two groups(P=0.102).There were no differences in RPC density in whole image(P=0.826)and peripapillary region(P=0.923),but inside disc RPC density was higher in crowded optic discs(P=0.003).The PPCMv density in the inner-hemisuperior region was also lower in crowded discs(P=0.026).The pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with peripapillary RPC density(r=0.498,P<0.001).The inside disc RPC density was negatively correlated with c/d area ratio(r=-0.341,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The higher inside disc RPC density and lower inner-hemisuperior PPCMv density are found in eyes with crowded optic discs.

关键词： crowded optic disc ischemic optic neuropathy optical coherence tomography angiography parapapillary choroidal microvasculature

An artificial intelligence diabetes management architecture based on 5G

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 75-82页

作者： Ruochen Huang Wei Feng Shan Lu Tao shan Changwei Zhang Yun Liu Department of Geriatrics The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210096China Department of Information The First Afliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210096China Department of medical informatics School of Biomedical Engineering and InformaticsNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China Department of Outpatient The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210096China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing210003China

Along with the development of 5G network and Internet of Things technologies,there has been an explosion in personalized healthcare *** the 5G and Artificial Intelligence(Al)is introduced into diabetes management architecture,it can increase the efficiency of existing systems and complications of diabetes can be handled more effectively by taking advantage of *** this article,we propose a 5G-based Artificial Intelligence Diabetes Management architecture(AIDM),which can help physicians and patients to manage both acute complications and chronic *** AIDM contains five layers:the sensing layer,the transmission layer,the storage layer,the computing layer,and the application *** build a test bed for the transmission and application ***,we apply a delay-aware RA optimization based on a double-queue model to improve access efficiency in smart hospital wards in the transmission *** application layer,we build a prediction model using a deep forest *** on real-world data show that our AIDM can enhance the efficiency of diabetes management and improve the screening rate of diabetes as well.

关键词： Diabetes 5G Artificial intelligence Deep forest Smart hospital ward

Diabetes mellitus in patients with type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis at diagnosis and after corticosteroid therapy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第4期23卷 393-398页

作者： Mei-Zi Li Tao Guo Yun-Lu Feng Sheng-Yu Zhang Xiao-Yin Bai Xi Wu Kai Xu Ai-Ming Yang Department of Gastroenterology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China Department of Radiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China

Background:A high prevalence of diabetes mellitus(DM)coexisting with autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP)is ***,evidence on the circumstances under which corticosteroid therapy(CST)for AIP improves or worsens DM is *** study aimed to demonstrate and identify predictors of DM control under the influence of ***:Patients diagnosed with type 1 AIP were enrolled from a prospectively maintained cohort and were classified into three groups according to the chronology in which AIP and DM were diagnosed:pre-existing DM(pDM),concurrent DM(cDM),and non-DM(nDM).The responses of DM to CST were assessed when corticosteroid was ceased or tapered to a maintenance dose and classified as‘improvement’and‘non-improvement’(including‘no change’and‘exacerbation’).Results:Among 101 patients with type 1 AIP,52(51.5%)patients were complicated with DM at the time of AIP diagnosis,with 36 patients in the cDM group and 16 patients in the pDM *** incidences of diffuse pancreatic swelling(72.2%)and pancreatic body/tail involvement(91.7%)were significantly higher in the cDM group than in both the pDM and nDM *** the 52 patients with DM,CST was administered in 48 *** logistic analysis identified that elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)level at AIP diagnosis[odds ratio(OR)=0.032,95%confidence interval(CI):0.003-0.412,P=0.008]and pancreatic atrophy after CST(OR=0.027,95%CI:0.003-0.295,P=0.003)were negatively associated with DM control ***:Patients with diffuse pancreatic swelling and pancreatic body/tail involvement in pancreatitis tended to be complicated with cDM at AIP *** exerted a beneficial effect on the clinical course of DM in nearly half of the AIP patients complicated with DM at diagnosis,particularly in those without elevated serum GGT levels at diagnosis and who did not experience pancreatic atrophy after CST.

关键词： Type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis Diabetes mellitus Corticosteroid therapy Predictive factor Pancreatic atrophy

Assessment of cheese sign and its association with vascular risk factors:Data from PUMCH dementia cohort

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Chinese medical Journal 2024年第7期137卷 830-836页

作者： Xinying Huang Bo Hou Jie Wang Jie Li Li Shang Chenhui Mao Liling Dong Caiyan Liu Feng Feng Jing Gao Bin Peng Department of Neurology State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare DiseasePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Radiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China

Background:In the clinic,practitioners encounter many patients with an abnormal pattern of dense punctate magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)signal in the basal ganglia,a phenomenon known as"cheese sign".This sign is reported as common in cerebrovascular diseases,dementia,and old ***,cheese sign has been speculated to consist of dense perivascular space(PVS).This study aimed to assess the lesion types of cheese sign and analyze the correlation between this sign and vascular disease risk ***:A total of 812 patients from Peking Union medical college Hospital(PUMCH)dementia cohort were *** analyzed the relationship between cheese sign and vascular *** assessing cheese sign and defining its degree,the abnormal punctate signals were classified into basal ganglia hyperintensity(BGH),PVS,lacunae/infarctions and microbleeds,and counted *** type of lesion was rated on a four-level scale,and then the sum was calculated;this total was defined as the cheese sign *** and Age-Related White Matter Changes(ARWMC)scores were used to evaluate the paraventricular,deep,and subcortical gray/white matter ***:A total of 118 patients(14.5%)in this dementia cohort were found to have cheese ***(odds ratio[OR]:1.090,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.064-1.120,P<0.001),hypertension(OR:1.828,95%CI:1.123-2.983,P=0.014),and stroke(OR:1.901,95%CI:1.092-3.259,P=0.025)were risk factors for cheese *** was no significant relationship between diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and cheese *** main components of cheese sign were BGH,PVS,and lacunae/*** proportion of PVS increased with cheese sign ***:The risk factors for cheese sign were hypertension,age,and *** sign consists of BGH,PVS,and lacunae/infarction.

关键词： Dementia Cerebrovascular disease Cheese sign Dense punctate lesions Basal ganglia Risk factor White matter