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Targets capture by distributed active swarms via bio-inspired reinforcement learning

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 210-221页

作者： Kun Xu Yue Li Jun Sun Shuyuan Du Xinpeng Di Yuguang Yang Bo Li Institute of Biomechanics and Medical engineering Applied Mechanics Laboratory Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua University Institute of Nuclear and New Energy technology Tsinghua University Shanghai Aerospace control technology Institute Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aerospace Intelligent control technology college of Automation engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Natural swarms arranged from cells to herds are usually decentralized but display intriguing collective intelligence in coordinating individuals across large scales to efficiently achieve their common goals. Learning from nature may provide new strategies for controlling collective dynamics of synthetic swarms to accomplish specific functions. Here, we present a bioinspired computational framework that steers distributed active swarms to collectively capture and merge targets via reinforcement learning. We exploit collective milling structures of natural herds to cage the targets, and adopt a switching control policy inspired by sperms' chiral dynamics to optimize the trajectories of individuals, through which the active swarms can selforganize to enclose single or multiple distant targets in a dynamical, adaptive and scalable manner. There exists a critical swarm size, beyond which the excessive competition between agents would generate large mechanical forces, leading to capture instability but enabling the transition from short-distance to long-distance merging capture of multiple targets. This work provides physical insights into distributed active swarms and could offer a multilevel, decentralized strategy toward controlling swarm robotics in wide applications such as bio-medical devices, machine immunity, and target clearance.

关键词： swarm intelligence robotics multi-tasks artificial intelligence bionics

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Loss Aware Feature Attention Mechanism for Class and Feature Imbalance Issue

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 751-775页

作者： Yuewei Wu Ruiling Fu Tongtong Xing Fulian Yin college of Information and communication engineering Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and communication Communication University of ChinaBeijing100024China

In the Internet era,recommendation systems play a crucial role in helping users find relevant information from large *** imbalance is known to severely affect data quality,and therefore reduce the performance of recommendation *** to the imbalance,machine learning algorithms tend to classify inputs into the positive(majority)class every time to achieve high prediction *** can be categorized such as by features and classes,but most studies consider only class *** this paper,we propose a recommendation system that can integrate multiple networks to adapt to a large number of imbalanced features and can deal with highly skewed and imbalanced datasets through a loss *** propose a loss aware feature attention mechanism(LAFAM)to solve the issue of feature *** network incorporates an attention mechanism and uses multiple sub-networks to classify and learn *** better results,the network can learn the weights of sub-networks and assign higher weights to important *** propose suppression loss to address class imbalance,which favors negative loss by penalizing positive loss,and pays more attention to sample points near the decision *** on two large-scale datasets verify that the performance of the proposed system is greatly improved compared to baseline methods.

关键词： Imbalanced data deep learning e-commerce recommendation loss function big data analysis

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Fluorinated poly(p-triphenylene isatin) anion exchange membranes based on hydrophilic hydroxyl side chain modulation for fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 702-709页

作者： Yiman Gu Yanchao Zhang Zhanyu Li Yijia Lei Baozeng Sun Xiaoyu Yu Zhe Wang college of Chemistry and Life Science Changchun University of Technology college of Chemical engineering Changchun University of Technology School of Materials Science and engineering Changchun University of Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Membrane Materials of Jilin Province

The development of alkaline fuel cells is moving forward at an accelerated pace,and the application of ether-free bonded polymers to anion exchange membranes （AEMs） has been widely ***,the question of the“trade-off”between AEM ionic conductivity and dimensional stability remains *** strategy of inducing microphase separation to improve the performance of AEM has attracted much attention recently,but the design of optimal molecular structures is still being ***,this work introduced different ratios of 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroacetone （x=40,50,and 60） into the main chain of poly（p-terphenylene isatin）.Because fluorinated groups have excellent hydrophobicity,hydrophilic hydroxyl-containing side chains are introduced to jointly adjust the formation of phase separation *** results show that PTI-PTF50-NOH AEM with the appropriate fluorinated group ratio has the best ionic conductivity and alkali stability under the combined effect of *** has an ionic conductivity of 133.83 mS cm-1at 80°*** addition,the OH-conductivity remains at 89%of the initial value at 80°C and 3 M KOH for 1056 h of *** cell polarization curve based on PTI-PTF50-NOH shows a power density of 734.76 mW cm-2at a current density of 1807.7 mA cm-2.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

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Identifying the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complex precatalysts during electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 226-233页

作者： Jingfang Zhang Danyang Wu Linke Cai Youluan Lu Fanpeng Cheng Lijuan Shi Qun Yi Yao Liu Yi Huang Key Laboratory of Green Chemical engineering Process of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Central China Normal University college of Materials Science and engineering Fuzhou University

Transition metal-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction（OER）. Considerable research efforts have shown that self-reconstruction occurs on these nanomaterials under operating conditions of OER process. However, most of them undergo incomplete reconstruction with limited thickness of reconstruction layer, leading to low component utilization and arduous exploration of real catalytic mechanism. Herein, we identify the dynamic behaviors in complete reconstruction of Co-based complexes during OER. The hollow phytic acid（PA） cross-linked CoFe-based complex nanoboxes with porous nanowalls are designed because of their good electrolyte penetration and mass transport ability, in favor of the fast and complete reconstruction. A series of experiment characterizations demonstrate that the reconstruction process includes the fast substitution of PA by OH-to form Co（Fe）(OH)xand subsequent potential-driven oxidation to Co（Fe）OOH. The obtained CoFeOOH delivers a low overpotential of 290 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2and a long-term *** experiment results together with theory calculations reveal that the Fe incorporation can result in the electron rearrangement of reconstructed CoFeOOH and optimization of their electronic structure,accounting for the enhanced OER activity. The work provides new insights into complete reconstruction of metal-based complexes during OER and offers guidelines for rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction

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Aligning enhanced feature representation for generalized zero-shot learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年

作者： Zhiyu FANG Xiaobin ZHU Chun YANG Hongyang ZHOU Jingyan QIN Xucheng YIN School of Computer&communication engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing

Abstract Constructing an effective common latent embedding by aligning the latent spaces of cross-modal variational autoencoders （VAEs） is a popular strategy for generalized zero-shot learning （GZSL）.However,due to the lack of fine-grained instance-wise annotations,existing VAE methods can easily suffer from the posterior collapse *** this paper,we propose an innovative asymmetric VAE network by aligning enhanced feature representation （AEFR） for *** from general VAE structures,we designed two asymmetric encoders for visual and semantic observations and one decoder for visual ***,we propose a simple yet effective gated attention mechanism （GAM） in the visual encoder for enhancing the information interaction between observations and latent variables,alleviating the possible posterior collapse problem *** addition,we propose a novel distributional decoupling-based contrastive learning （D2-CL） to guide learning classification-relevant information while aligning the representations at the taxonomy level in the latent representation *** experiments on publicly available datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our *** source code is available at https://***/seeyourmind/AEFR.

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Offload Strategy for Edge Computing in Satellite Networks Based on Software Defined Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 863-879页

作者： Zhiguo Liu Yuqing Gui Lin Wang Yingru Jiang communication and Network Laboratory Dalian UniversityDalian116622China college of Environment and Chemical engineering Dalian UniversityDalian116622China

Satellite edge computing has garnered significant attention from researchers;however,processing a large volume of tasks within multi-node satellite networks still poses considerable *** sharp increase in user demand for latency-sensitive tasks has inevitably led to offloading bottlenecks and insufficient computational capacity on individual satellite edge servers,making it necessary to implement effective task offloading scheduling to enhance user *** this paper,we propose a priority-based task scheduling strategy based on a Software-Defined Network(SDN)framework for satellite-terrestrial integrated networks,which clarifies the execution order of tasks based on their ***,we apply a Dueling-Double Deep Q-Network(DDQN)algorithm enhanced with prioritized experience replay to derive a computation offloading strategy,improving the experience replay mechanism within the Dueling-DDQN ***,we utilize the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient(DDPG)algorithm to determine the optimal resource allocation strategy to reduce the processing latency of *** results demonstrate that the proposed d3-DDPG algorithm outperforms other approaches,effectively reducing task processing latency and thus improving user experience and system efficiency.

关键词： Satellite network edge computing task scheduling computing offloading

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An Improved Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Algorithm Based on XGBoost Grouping for Consortium Chains

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1295-1311页

作者： Xiaowei Wang Haiyang Zhang Jiasheng Zhang Yingkai Ge Kexin Cui Zifu Peng Zhengyi Li Lihua Wang college of Electronic and Information engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China

In response to the challenges presented by the unreliable identity of the master node,high communication overhead,and limited network support size within the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant(PBFT)algorithm for consortium chains,we propose an improved PBFT algorithm based on XGBoost grouping called XG-PBFT in this ***-PBFT constructs a dataset by training important parameters that affect node performance,which are used as classification indexes for *** XGBoost algorithm then is employed to train the dataset,and nodes joining the system will be grouped according to the trained grouping *** them,the nodes with higher parameter indexes will be assigned to the consensus group to participate in the consensus,and the rest of the nodes will be assigned to the general group to receive the consensus *** order to reduce the resource waste of the system,XG-PBFT optimizes the consensus protocol for the problem of high complexity of PBFT ***,we evaluate the performance of *** experimental results show that XG-PBFT can significantly improve the performance of throughput,consensus delay and communication complexity compared to the original PBFT algorithm,and the performance enhancement is significant compared to other algorithms in the case of a larger number of *** results demonstrate that the XG-PBFT algorithm is more suitable for large-scale consortium chains.

关键词： Consortium chain PBFT grouping reputation XGBoost

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Review of Techniques for Integrating Security in Software Development Lifecycle

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 139-172页

作者： Hassan Saeed Imran Shafi Jamil Ahmad Adnan Ahmed Khan Tahir Khurshaid Imran Ashraf college of Electrical and Mechanical engineering National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46604Pakistan Department of Computer Science Abasyn University Islamabad CampusIslamabad45510Pakistan Military college of Signals National University of Sciences and Technology(NUST)Rawalpindi46600Pakistan Department of Electrical engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea Department of Information and communication engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Republic of Korea

Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our *** conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up *** purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way *** review follows Kitchenham’s review *** review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and *** the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation *** risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation *** a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat *** review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the *** estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software *** accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep *** is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are *** challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security *** achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.

关键词： Software development lifecycle systematic literature review critical software security risks national institute of standards and technology DevSecOps open web application security project McGraw’s touch points

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Effect of a Carbon Fibre-steel Fibre-graphite Conductive Filler on the Electrothermal Properties of Cementitious Materials

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 141-151页

作者： FAN Yanan WEI Hong ZHENG Hongyong DU Hongxiu Department of Architecture and Environmental engineering Taiyuan UniversityTaiyuan 030032China college of Civil engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030032China

Carbon fibre,steel fibre and graphite were used as conductive fillers to prepare cementitious materials with excellent electrothermal *** electrically conductive cementitious materials with different volume dosages were analysed through compressive and flexural strength,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and temperature rise *** equivalent circuit model was established to study the electrically conductive heat generation mechanism in the electrically conductive cementitious *** results indicate that the mechanical properties of cementitious composite materials with a ternary conductive phase are better than those of pristine cementitious materials because the fibrous filler improves their mechanical ***,the incorporation of graphite in the material reduces its *** fibrous and point-like conductive phase materials into the cementitious material enhances the overall conductive pathway and considerably reduces the electrical resistance of the cementitious material,enhancing its conductive *** volume ratios of carbon fibre,steel fibre and graphite that achieve an optimal complex doping in the cementitious material were 0.35%,0.6%and 6%,*** was determined using the mutation point of each circuit element parameter as the percolation *** addition,at a certain safety voltage,there is a uniform change between the internal and surface temperatures of the conductive cementitious material,and the heating effect in this materialis is considerably better than that in the pristine cementitious material.

关键词： cementitious composites conductive fillers electrothermal properties electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Mechanistic insight into the synergy between nickel single atoms and nanoparticles on N-doped carbon for electroreduction of CO2

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 327-336页

作者： Mingdong Sun Wenwen Guan Cailing Chen Chao Wu Xiaoling Liu Biao Meng Tao Chen Yu Han Jun Wang Shibo Xi Yu Zhou State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center Physical Sciences and Engineering Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) college of Materials Science and engineering Sichuan University

The synergy of single atoms （SAs） and nanoparticles （NPs） has demonstrated great potential in promoting the electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction （CO2RR）;however,the rationalization of the SAs/NPs proportion remains one challenge for the catalyst ***,a Ni2+-loaded porous poly（ionic liquids）(PIL) precursor synthesized through the free radical self-polymerization of the ionic liquid monomer,1-allyl-3-vinylimidazolium chloride,was pyrolyzed to prepare the Ni,N co-doped carbon materials,in which the proportion of Ni SAs and NPs could be facilely modulated by controlling the annealing *** catalyst Ni-NC-1000 with a moderate proportion of Ni SAs and NPs exhibited high efficiency in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO2into *** Ni K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectra and theoretical calculations were conducted to gain insight into the synergy of Ni SAs and *** charge transfer from Ni NPs to the surrounding carbon layer and then to the Ni SAs resulted in the electron-enriched Ni SAs active *** the electroreduction of CO2,the coexistence of Ni SAs and NPs strengthened the CO2activation and the affinity towards the key intermediate of*COOH,lowering the free energy for the potential-determining*CO2→*COOH step,and therefore promoted the catalysis efficiency.

关键词： Activation energy

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