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Etomidate protects retinal ganglion cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第9期17卷 1606-1613页

作者： Xuan Zhao De-Gang Fan Xin-Chao Zhang Si-Wei You Fang Kuang Ming-Mei Wu Department of Histology and Embryology School of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Medical UniversityXi’an 710021Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Neurobiology the Basic Medical Science Academythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’an 710032Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Spinal Surgery Honghui HospitalXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710054Shaanxi ProvinceChina college of life sciences Northwestern UniversityXi’an 710069Shaanxi ProvinceChina

AIM:To determine whether etomidate(ET)has a protective effect on retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)injured with hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and to explore the potential mechanism underlying the antioxidative stress effect of ***:Cultured RGCs were identified by double immunofluorescent labeling of microtubule-associated protein 2 and *** injury model of H_(2)O_(2)-induced RGCs oxidative stress was established in *** were pretreated with different concentrations of ET(1,5,and 10μmol/L)for 4h,followed by further exposure to H_(2)O_(2)at 1000μmol/*** counting kit 8 and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays were applied to detect the viabilities and apoptosis rates of the RGCs at 12,24,and 48h after H_(2)O_(2)*** levels of nitric oxide,malondialdehyde,and glutathione in culture media were measured at these time *** reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and Western blot were performed to observe the effects of ET on the messenger RNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2),heme oxygenase 1(HO-1),glutathione peroxidase 1 and the level of conjugated acrolein in RGCs at 12,24,and 48h after H_(2)O_(2)stimulation and in the retina at 12h after optic nerve transection(ONT).RESULTS:The applications of 5 and 10μmol/L of ET significantly increased the viability of *** from qRT-PCR indicated a decrease in the expression of iNOS and an increase in the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in ETpretreated RGCs at 12,24 and 48h after H_(2)O_(2)stimulation,as well as in ET-treated retinas at 12h after *** blot analysis revealed a decrease in the expression of iNOS and levels of conjugated acrolein,along with an increase in the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in ET-pretreated RGCs in vitro and ET-treated retinas in ***:ET is a neuroprotective agent in primary cultured RGCs injured by H_(2)O_(2).The effect of ET is dosedependent with the

关键词： etomidate retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection hydrogen peroxide-induced injury nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 heme oxygenase 1

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How variable progenitor clones construct a largely invariant neocortex

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 129-144页

作者： Zhongfu Shen Jiajun Yang Qiangqiang Zhang Kuiyu Wang Xiaohui Lv Xiaolin Hu Jian Ma Song-Hai Shi New Cornerstone Science Laboratory IDG/McG overn Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Department of Computer sciences Tsinghua University college of life sciences Nankai University Chinese Institute for Brain Research

The neocortex contains a vast collection of diverse neurons organized into distinct layers. While nearly all neocortical neurons are generated by radial glial progenitors(RGPs), it remains largely unclear how a complex yet organized neocortex is constructed reliably and robustly. Here, we show that the division behavior and neuronal output of RGPs are highly constrained with patterned variabilities to support the reliable and robust construction of the mouse neocortex. The neurogenic process of RGPs can be well-approximated by a consistent Poisson-like process unfolding over time, producing deep to superficial layer neurons progressively. The exact neuronal outputs regarding layer occupation are variable; yet, this variability is constrained systematically to support all layer formation, largely reflecting the variable intermediate progenitor generation and RGP neurogenic entry and exit timing differences. Together, these results define the fundamental features of neocortical neurogenesis with a balanced reliability and variability for the construction of the complex neocortex.

关键词： neocortex radial glial progenitor intermediate progenitor neurogenesis clonal variability layer formation

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Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an DUO James L.D.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

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Metabolic and microbial changes in light-vented bulbul during recent northward range expansion

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 24-33页

作者： Yun Wu Ying Xiong Yanzhu Ji Yalin Cheng Qianghui Zhu Xiaolu Jiao Yongbin Chang Na Zhao Jing Yang Fumin Lei Gang Song Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China college of life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Zoology College of Life scienceSichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'an 625099SichuanChina Henan Engineering Research Center of Bird-Related Outage Zhengzhou Normal UniversityZhengzhou 450044China School of Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002AnhuiChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shaanxi University of Science and TechnologyXian 710021China Centerfor Excellence inAnimal Evolutionand Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Endotherms recently expanding to cold environments generally exhibit strong physiological acclimation to sustain high body *** this process,gut microbes likely play a considerable role in host physiological functions,including digestion and *** light-vented bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis represents one such *** used to be restricted to the Oriental realm but expanded its distribution range north to the Palearctic areas during the past few ***,we explored the seasonal dynamics of the resting metabolic rate(RMR)and microbiota for local and newly colonized populations of the *** results showed that the mass-adjusted RMR and body mass were pos-itively correlated with latitude variations in both ***,the gut microbiota showed a corresponding variation to the northern cold *** the two northern populations,the alpha diversity decreased compared with those of the two southern *** differences were detected in dominant phyla,such as Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,and Desulfobacterota in both *** core microbiota showed geographic differences in the winter,including the elevated relative abundance of 5 species in northern ***,to explore the link between microbial communities and host metabolic thermogenesis,we conducted a correlation analysis between microbiota and mass-adjusted *** found that more genera were significantly correlated with mass-adjusted RMR in the wintering season compared to the breeding season(71 vs.23).These results suggest that microbiota of the lighted-vented bulbul linked with thermogenesis in diversity and abundance under northward expansion.

关键词： bird body mass gutmicrobiota RMR season

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Oscillation properties of eigenfunctions for Sturm-Liouville problems with interface conditions via Prufer transformation

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第2期39卷 191-200页

作者： LI Zhi-yu LI Kun CAI Jin-ming QIN Jian-fang ZHENG Zhao-wen School of Mathematical sciences Qufu Normal UniversityQufu 273165China college of Mathematics and Systems Science Guangdong Polytechnic Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510665China

A class of Sturm-Liouville problems with discontinuity is studied in this *** oscillation properties of eigenfunctions for Sturm-Liouville problems with interface conditions are *** main method used in this paper is based on Prufer transformation,which is different from the classical ***,we give two examples to verify our main results.

关键词： Sturm-Liouville problem interface condition oscillatory solution

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Optimal regularity of positive solutions of the Hénon-Hardy equation and related equations

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2283-2302页

作者： Zongming Guo Fangshu Wan college of Mathematics and Information Science Henan Normal University School of Mathematical sciences University of Science and Technology of China School of Mathematical sciences Anhui University

We present a new method to determine the optimal regularity of positive solutions u∈C4（Ω{0}）∩C0■ of the Hénon-Hardy equation,i.e.,■ where Ω■RN（N≥4） is a bounded smooth domain with 0∈Ω,α>-4,and p∈*** is clear that 0 is an isolated singular point of solutions of（0.1） and the optimal regularity of u in Ω relies on the parameter α.It is also important to see that the regularity of u at x=0 determines the regularity of u in Ω.We first establish asymptotic expansions up to arbitrary orders at x=0 of prescribed positive solutions u ∈C4（Ω{0}） ∩ C0（Ω）of（0.1）.Then we show that the regularity at x=0 of each positive solution u of（0.1） can be determined by some terms in asymptotic expansions of the related positive radial solution of the equation（0.1） with Ω=B,where B is the unit ball of *** main idea works for more general equations with singular weights.

关键词： Hénon-Hardy equation positive solutions optimal regularity singular point asymptotic expansions

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A reputation-based blockchain scheme for sustained carbon emission reduction

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Science China(Information sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 329-330页

作者： Lixiao ZHOU Changbing TANG Zheng BAO Yang LIU Xinghuo YU college of Physics and Electronics Information Engineering Zhejiang Normal University School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Normal University School of Mathematical sciences Zhejiang Normal University School of Engineering RMIT University

Climate change is a global issue that necessitates collective responsibility from all nations. Recently, a blockchainenabled emission trading scheme(ETS) has been proposed for reducing carbon emissions to overcome the drawbacks of centralized methods [1, 2]. However, existing consensus protocols in blockchain have not been well prepared for low energy consumption and high incentive compatibility [3],which is contrary to the low carbon goal of ETS.

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Nest decoration:Black feathers prevent Crested Mynas from nest usurpation

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 292-297页

作者： Jinmei Liu Wei Liang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Nests are important structures for birds to raise their offspring and for *** birds incorporate feathers into the nest,since feathers were traditionally thought to serve the function of *** in recent years have considered that some birds place feathers in conspicuous locations in the nest for decoration to trigger a fear response in the *** this study,we investigated whether decorative feathers could deter nest usurpation by Crested Mynas(Acridotheres cristatellus)by manipulating nest box *** results revealed that Crested Mynas preferred black feathers to white feathers as decorations and occupied nest boxes decorated with black feathers significantly less than those decorated with white feathers,suggesting that black decorative feathers in the nest could be more effective in preventing nest usurpation by Crested Mynas and that white decorative feathers may have other *** black feathers in the nest are prominently placed at the edge of the nest to convey the message that“this nest is occupied”or“the owner of this nest has been preyed upon”to visitor Crested Mynas,thus effectively preventing them from usurping the nest at a later stage.

关键词： Extended phenotype Feathers Nest decoration Nest usurpation

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Smad8 is involvement in follicular development via the regulation of granulosa cell growth and steroidogenesis in mice

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BIOCELL 2024年第1期48卷 139-147页

作者： DAOLUN YU DEYONG SHE KAI GE LEI YANG RUINA ZHAN SHAN LU YAFEI CAI college of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering West Anhui UniversityLu’an237012China Lu’an Academy of Agricultural sciences Lu’an237001China college of life sciences Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu241000China college of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China

Background:SMAD family proteins(SMADs)are crucial transcription factors downstream of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-ß)/SMAD signaling pathways that have been reported to play a pivotal role in mammalian ***,the role of SMAD family member 8(SMAD8,also known as SMAD9),a member of the SMAD family,in mammalian reproduction remains ***:We employed RNA interference techniques to knock down Smad8 expression in mouse granulosa cells(GCs)to investigate the effects of Smad8 on GC growth and ***:Our findings revealed a significant decrease in the proliferative capacity and a substantial increase in the apoptosis rate of GCs after transfection with Smad8-siRNA for 48 *** hormone assays demonstrated a significant decrease in estradiol(E2)levels,whereas progesterone(P4)remained *** mechanistic analysis showed that the mRNA expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(Pcna),Cyclin D2,cell cycle-dependent kinase 4(Cdk4),B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),estrogen receptor(Er),luteinizing hormone receptor(Lhr)and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1(Cyp19a1)significantly ***,the mRNA of cysteine aspartate proteinase 3(Caspase 3)significantly increased,wheras Bcl2-associated X(Bax),folliclestimulating hormone receptor(Fshr)and cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1(Cyp11a1)remained unchanged compared to the ***:This study indicates that Smad8 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation,promotes apoptosis,reduces Er and Lhr transcription,and decreases E2 production in mouse *** findings suggest that Smad8 may serve as a novel genetic marker for mammalian reproduction.

关键词： Mouse Smad8 RNA interference Granulosa cells Growth and steroidogenesis

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Probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus restored gossypol-induced intestinal barrier injury by increasing propionate content in Nile tilapia

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1688-1703页

作者： Feifei Ding Nannan Zhou Yuan Luo Tong Wang Weijie Li Fang Qiao Zhenyu Du Meiling Zhang Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health(LANEH) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Background Intestinal barrier is a dynamic interface between the body and the ingested food components, however, dietary components or xenobiotics could compromise intestinal integrity, causing health risks to the host. Gossypol, a toxic component in cottonseed meal(CSM), caused intestinal injury in fish or other monogastric animals. It has been demonstrated that probiotics administration benefits the intestinal barrier integrity, but the efficacy of probiotics in maintaining intestinal health when the host is exposed to gossypol remains unclear. Here, a strain(YC) affiliated to Pediococcus pentosaceus was isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) and its potential to repair gossypol-induced intestinal damage was *** A total of 270 Nile tilapia(2.20 ± 0.02 g) were allotted in 3 groups with 3 tanks each and fed with 3 diets including CON(control diet), GOS(control diet containing 300 mg/kg gossypol) and GP(control diet containing 300 mg/kg gossypol and 10^(8) colony-forming unit(CFU)/g P. pentosaceus YC), respectively. After 10 weeks, addition of P. pentosaceus YC restored growth retardation and intestinal injury induced by gossypol in Nile tilapia. Transcriptome analysis and si RNA interference experiments demonstrated that NOD-like receptors(NLR) family caspase recruitment domain(CARD) domain containing 3(Nlrc3) inhibition might promote intestinal stem cell(ISC) proliferation, as well as maintaining gut barrier integrity. 16S r RNA sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) revealed that addition of P. pentosaceus YC altered the composition of gut microbiota and increased the content of propionate in fish gut. In vitro studies on propionate's function demonstrated that it suppressed nlrc3 expression and promoted wound healing in Caco-2 cell *** The present study reveals that P. pentosaceus YC has the capacity to ameliorate intestinal barrier injury by modulating gut microbiota composition and elevating

关键词： Gut barrier injury Gossypol ISCs proliferation Nlrc3 Propionate

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