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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第8期137卷 883-886页

作者： Xiaoshuang Wang Jing Wang Tao Cheng institute of Basic Medical sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesHaihe Laboratory of Cell EcosystemInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

The institute of Basic Medical sciences(IBMS)is a global leader in biomedical research and advanced medical *** year(2023)marks the 65^(th)anniversary of its foundation at the Chinese Academy of Medical sciences(CAMS)and School of Basic Medicine(SBM)of the Peking Union Medical college(PUMC).In the beginning,the IBMS and SBM incorporated the premedical departments of the PUMC,which was established by the Rockefeller Foundation in *** then,these departments have been committed to undertakingrstrate medical science research in China.

关键词： Basic IBMS foundation

Responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to straw return and nitrogen fertilizer reduction in a rainfed maize field

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 351-360页

作者： Zhenling PENG Hao XI Lin MAO Huyuan FENG Jianjun ZHANG Yongjun LIU State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland agro-ecosystems College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China college of life sciences Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China School of life sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Dryland Agriculture institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China

Straw return can be used to reduce fertilizer input and improve agricultural sustainability and soil ***,how straw return and reduced fertilizer application affect beneficial soil microbes,particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF),remains poorly ***,we conducted a five-year field experiment in a rainfed maize field on the Loess Plateau of northwestern *** tested four treatments with straw return combined with four nitrogen(N)application rates,i.e.,100%,80%,60%,and 0%of the common N application rate(225 kg N ha^(-1)year^(-1))in this region,and two reference treatments(full or no N application),with three replicates for each *** colonization was quantified and AMF communities colonizing maize roots were characterized using Illumina *** virtual taxa(VTs)of AMF were identified in root samples,among which VT113(related to Rhizophagus fasciculatus)and VT156(related to Dominikia gansuensis)were the predominant *** root length colonization and AMF VT richness were sensitive to N fertilization,but not to straw return;furthermore,both gradually increased with decreasing N application *** VT composition of the AMF community was also affected by N fertilization,but not by straw return,and the community variation could be well explained by soil available N and phosphorus ***,60%,80%,and full N fertilization produced similar maize ***,our study revealed the response patterns of AMF to straw return and N fertilizer reduction and showed that straw return combined with N fertilizer reduction may be a promising practice to maintain mycorrhizal symbiosis concomitantly with crop productivity.

关键词： agricultural sustainability crop productivity mycorrhizal colonization mycorrhizal symbiosis root length colonization virtual taxon

Amino acids in piglet diarrhea: Effects, mechanisms and insights

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 267-274页

作者： Xihong Zhou Jing Liang Xia Xiong Yulong Yin Key Laboratory of agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical Agriculture The Chinese Academy of Sciences college of Advanced Agricultural sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Piglet diarrhea is among one of the most serious health problems faced by the pig industry, resulting in significant economic losses. Diarrheal disease in piglets has a multifactorial etiology that is affected by physiology, environment, and management strategy. Diarrhea is the most apparent symptom of intestinal dysfunction. As a key class of essential nutrients in the piglet diet, amino acids confer a variety of beneficial effects on piglets in addition to being used as a substrate for protein synthesis, including maintaining appropriate intestinal integrity, permeability and epithelial renewal, and alleviating morphological damage and inflammatory and oxidative stress. Thus, provision of appropriate levels of amino acids could alleviate piglet diarrhea. Most amino acid effects are mediated by metabolites, gut microbes, and related signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of dietary amino acid effects on gut health and diarrhea incidence in piglets, and reveal the mechanisms involved. We also provide ideas for using amino acid blends and emphasize the importance of amino acid balance in the diet to prevent diarrhea in piglets.

关键词： Piglet Amino acid Diarrhea Gut microbe Immune

Evaluation of Resistance of Different Kiwifruit Varieties (Lines) to Canker Disease and Brown Spot Disease

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1249-1261页

作者： Wenwen Su Chongpei Zheng Zhencheng Han Chunguang Ren Di Wu Tao Li Yi Yang Weijie Li institute of Mountain Resources of Guizhou Province Guizhou Academy of SciencesGuiyang550001China Guizhou Botanical Garden Guizhou Academy of SciencesGuiyang550001China Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education) Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/College of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China

Kiwifruit canker and brown spot are signiﬁcant diseases affecting kiwis,caused by Pseudomonas syringae patho-genic variations(Pseudomonas syringae ***(Psa))and Corynesporapolytica(Corynespora cassiicola).At present,the research on canker disease and brown spot disease mainly focuses on the isolation and identiﬁcation of pathogenic bacteria,drug control,resistance gene mining and functional veriﬁ*** has proved that breeding disease resistant varieties are an effective method to control canker disease and brown spot ***,most existing cultivars lack genes for canker and brown spot *** kiwifruit resources in nat-ure exhibit extensive genetic diversity due to prolonged natural selection,containing numerous resistance ***,due to insufﬁcient understanding of the resistance of most kiwifruit varieties(lines)to canker disease and brown spot disease,some high-quality resources have not been fully *** incidence of canker and brown spot of 18 kiwifruit cultivars(lines)was measured by inoculating isolated branches and leaves,and their resistance to canker and brown spot was analyzed according to the length,disease index,mean diameter,and systematic *** results were as follows:Among 18 different kiwifruit varieties(lines)for canker disease,there were two highly resistant materials,eight disease-resistant materials,four disease-susceptible materials,and two highly susceptible ***,regarding brown spot disease,there were one highly resistant material,ﬁve dis-ease-resistant materials,four susceptible materials,and three highly susceptible ***,four resources were resistant to both *** outcomes provided a theoretical basis for breeding kiwifruit against canker and brown spot.

关键词： Kiwifruit canker disease brown spot resistance evaluation

Analysis of RNA Recognition and Binding Characteristics of OsCPPR1 Protein in Rice

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 215-225,I0032-I0035页

作者： ZHENG Shaoyan CHEN Junyu LI Huatian LIU Zhenlan LI Jing ZHUANG Chuxiong State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/college of life sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins represent one of the largest protein families in plants and typically localize to organelles like mitochondria and *** contrast,CYTOPLASMLOCALIZED PPR1(OsCPPR1)is a cytoplasm-localized PPR protein that can degrade OsGOLDENLIKE1(OsGLK1)mRNA in the tapetum of rice ***,the mechanism,by which OsCPPR1 recognizes and binds to OsGLK1 transcripts,remains *** protein structure prediction and macromolecular docking experiments,we observed that distinct PPR motif structures of OsCPPR1 exhibited varying binding efficiencies to OsGLK1 ***,RNA-electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiment demonstrated that the recombinant OsCPPR1 can directly recognize and bind to OsGLK1 mRNA in *** further confirmed that the mutations in the conserved amino acids in each PPR motif resulted in loss of activity,while truncation of OsCPPR1 decreased its binding *** findings collectively suggest that it may require some co-factors to assist in cleavage,a facet that warrants further exploration in subsequent studies.

关键词： OsCPPR1 RNA recognition and binding pentatricopeptide repeat rice

How variable progenitor clones construct a largely invariant neocortex

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 129-144页

作者： Zhongfu Shen Jiajun Yang Qiangqiang Zhang Kuiyu Wang Xiaohui Lv Xiaolin Hu Jian Ma Song-Hai Shi New Cornerstone Science Laboratory IDG/McG overn Institute for Brain Research Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Department of Computer sciences Tsinghua University college of life sciences Nankai University Chinese institute for Brain Research

The neocortex contains a vast collection of diverse neurons organized into distinct layers. While nearly all neocortical neurons are generated by radial glial progenitors(RGPs), it remains largely unclear how a complex yet organized neocortex is constructed reliably and robustly. Here, we show that the division behavior and neuronal output of RGPs are highly constrained with patterned variabilities to support the reliable and robust construction of the mouse neocortex. The neurogenic process of RGPs can be well-approximated by a consistent Poisson-like process unfolding over time, producing deep to superficial layer neurons progressively. The exact neuronal outputs regarding layer occupation are variable; yet, this variability is constrained systematically to support all layer formation, largely reflecting the variable intermediate progenitor generation and RGP neurogenic entry and exit timing differences. Together, these results define the fundamental features of neocortical neurogenesis with a balanced reliability and variability for the construction of the complex neocortex.

关键词： neocortex radial glial progenitor intermediate progenitor neurogenesis clonal variability layer formation

Breeding maize of ideal plant architecture for high-density planting tolerance through modulating shade avoidance response and beyond

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 849-864页

作者： Fereshteh Jafari Baobao Wang Haiyang Wang Junjie Zou Biotechnology Research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences Beijing 100081China National Nanfan Research institute CAASSanya 572025China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical agro-Bioresources College of Life SciencesSouth China AgriculturalUniversityGuangzhou 510642China

Maize is a major staple crop widely used as food,animal feed,and raw materials in industrial ***-density planting is a major factor contributing to the continuous increase of maize ***,high planting density usually triggers a shade avoidance response and causes increased plant height and ear height,resulting in lodging and yield *** plant height and ear height,more erect leaf angle,reduced tassel branch number,earlier flowering,and strong root system architecture are five key morphological traits required for maize adaption to high-density *** this review,we summarize recent advances in deciphering the genetic and molecular mechanisms of maize involved in response to high-density *** also discuss some strategies for breeding advanced maize cultivars with superior performance under high-density planting conditions.

关键词： flowering time high-density planting leaf angle maize plant architecture plant height/ear height root architecture tasselbranch

Microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in the development of neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1241-1248页

作者： Tingting Han Yuxiang Xu Lin Sun Makoto Hashimoto Jianshe Wei institute for Brain sciences Research School of Life Sciences Henan University college of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Henan University Department of Basic Technology Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science

Cellular senescence and chronic inflammation in response to aging are considered to be indicators of brain aging; they have a great impact on the aging process and are the main risk factors for neurodegeneration. Reviewing the microglial response to aging and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases will help understand the importance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. This review describes the origin and function of microglia and focuses on the role of different states of the microglial response to aging and chronic inflammation on the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, and Parkinson’s disease. This review also describes the potential benefits of treating neurodegenerative diseases by modulating changes in microglial states. Therefore, inducing a shift from the neurotoxic to neuroprotective microglial state in neurodegenerative diseases induced by aging and chronic inflammation holds promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease cytokines Huntington's disease microglia neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation neuroprotection neurotoxicity Parkinson's disease

The infection kinetics and transmission potential of two Guaico Culex viruses in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第2期39卷 228-234页

作者： Ru-Yi Chen Teng Zhao Jing-Jing Guo Feng Zhu Na-Na Zhang Xiao-Feng Li Hai-Tao Liu Fei Wang Yong-Qiang Deng Cheng-Feng Qin college of Bioscience and bioengineering Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang330045China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyAMMSBeijing100071China School of life sciences Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming650224China

Guaico Culex virus(GCXV)is a newly identified segmented Jingmenvirus from Culex *** in Central and South *** genome of GCXV is composed of four or five single-stranded positive RNA ***,the infection kinetics and transmission capability of GCXV in mosquitoes remain *** this study,we used reverse genetics to rescue two GCXVs(4S and 5S)that contained four and five RNA segments,respectively,in C6/36 *** in vitro characterization revealed that the two GCXVs exhibited comparable replication kinetics,protein expression and viral ***,GCXV RNAs were detected in the bodies,salivary glands,midguts and ovaries of Culex quinquefasciatus at 4–10 days after oral *** addition,two GCXVs can colonize *** eggs,resulting in positive rates of 15%–35%for the second gonotrophic *** conclusion,our results demonstrated that GCXVs with four or five RNA segments can be detected in *** eggs during the first and second gonotrophic cycles after oral infection.

关键词： Guaico Culex virus(GCXV) Jingmenvirus Culex quinquefasciatus Vertical transmission

Physiological,transcriptome and gene functional analysis provide novel sights into cadmium accumulation and tolerance mechanisms in kenaf

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第3期137卷 500-514页

作者： Shan Cao Meng Wang Jiao Pan Dengjie Luo Samavia Mubeen Caijin Wang Jiao Yue Xia Wu Qijing Wu Hui Zhang Canni Chen Muzammal Rehman Sichen Xie Ru Li Peng Chen Guangxi Key Laboratory of agro-environment and Agric-products safety Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and BreedingCollege of AgricultureGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical agro-bioresources College of Life Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China

Kenaf is considered to have great potential for remediation of heavy metals in ***,studies on molecular mechanisms of root Cd accumulation and tolerance are still *** this study,two differently tolerant kenaf cultivars were selected as materials and the physiological and transcriptomic effects were evaluated under Cd *** study showed that 200μmol/L CdCl_(2) treatment triggered the reactive oxygen species(ROS)explosion and membrane lipid *** with the Cd-sensitive cultivar‘Z',the Cd-tolerant cultivar‘F'was able to resist oxidative stress in cells by producing higher antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the contents of ascorbic acid(AsA)and glutathione(GSH).The root cell wall of‘F'exhibited higher polysaccharide contents under Cd treatment,providing more Cd-binding *** were 3,439 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)that were co-regulated by Cd treatment in two *** biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched by functional annotation *** associated with pectin,cellulose,and hemi-cellulose metabolism were involved in Cd chelation of root cell wall;V-ATPases,ABCC3 and Narmp3 could participated in vacuolar compartmentalization of Cd;PDR1 was responsible for Cd effux;the organic acid transporters contributed to the absorption of Cd in *** genes might have played key roles in kenaf Cd tolerance and Cd ***,HcZIP2 was identified to be involved in Cd uptake and transport in *** findings provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways underlying Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in kenaf.

关键词： Kenaf Cd stress Physiological Transcriptome HcZIP2