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Improving Video Watermarking through Galois Field GF(2^(4)) Multiplication Tables with Diverse Irreducible Polynomials and Adaptive Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1423-1442页

作者： Yasmin Alaa Hassan Abdul Monem S.Rahma Department of Computer science College of ScienceUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq Department of Computer science College of ScienceAl-Maarif University CollegeAl-AnbarIraq

Video watermarking plays a crucial role in protecting intellectual property rights and ensuring content *** study delves into the integration of Galois Field(GF)multiplication tables,especially GF(2^(4)),and their interaction with distinct irreducible *** primary aim is to enhance watermarking techniques for achieving imperceptibility,robustness,and efficient execution *** research employs scene selection and adaptive thresholding techniques to streamline the watermarking *** selection is used strategically to embed watermarks in the most vital frames of the video,while adaptive thresholding methods ensure that the watermarking process adheres to imperceptibility criteria,maintaining the video's visual ***,careful consideration is given to execution time,crucial in real-world scenarios,to balance efficiency and *** Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)serves as a pivotal metric to gauge the watermark's imperceptibility and video *** study explores various irreducible polynomials,navigating the trade-offs between computational efficiency and watermark *** parallel,the study pays careful attention to the execution time,a paramount consideration in real-world scenarios,to strike a balance between efficiency and *** comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the interplay of GF multiplication tables,diverse irreducible polynomials,scene selection,adaptive thresholding,imperceptibility,and execution *** evaluation of the proposed algorithm's robustness was conducted using PSNR and NC metrics,and it was subjected to assessment under the impact of five distinct attack *** findings contribute to the development of watermarking strategies that balance imperceptibility,robustness,and processing efficiency,enhancing the field's practicality and effectiveness.

关键词： Video watermarking galois field irreducible polynomial multiplication table scene selection adaptive thresholding

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Periodic signal extraction of GNSS height time series based on adaptive singular spectrum analysis

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第1期15卷 50-60页

作者： Chenfeng Li Peibing Yang Tengxu Zhang Jiachun Guo Three Gorges Geotechnical Engineering Co.Ltd.(Wuhan) Wuhan 430074China college of resources and Environmental science and Engineering Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXian©ning 437100China college of Civil Engineering Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601China

Singular spectrum analysis is widely used in geodetic time series ***,when extracting time-varying periodic signals from a large number of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)time series,the selection of appropriate embedding window size and principal components makes this method cumbersome and *** improve the efficiency and accuracy of singular spectrum analysis,this paper proposes an adaptive singular spectrum analysis method by combining spectrum analysis with a new trace *** running time and correlation analysis indicate that the proposed method can adaptively set the embedding window size to extract the time-varying periodic signals from GNSS time series,and the extraction efficiency of a single time series is six times that of singular spectrum *** method is also accurate and more suitable for time-varying periodic signal analysis of global GNSS sites.

关键词： GNSS Time series Singular spectrum analysis Trace matrix Periodic signal

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Participatory Risk Governance for Seoul, South Korea's Flood Risk Management

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2024年第3期15卷 317-331页

作者： Bokjin Ro Gregg Garfin School of geography Development and Environment The University of Arizona Interdisciplinary Program for Disaster Crisis and Risk Management Sungkyunkwan University School of Natural resources and the Environment The University of Arizona

Risk governance is a widely used framework in natural and societal risk management research. Risks from natural hazards in urban areas call for the establishment of rigorous and participatory urban risk governance. In this study, we examined participatory risk governance(PRG) of flood risk management(FRM) in Seoul, South Korea. We conducted key informant interviews and implemented a survey with citizens, to explore perceptions of flood risks and risk management, and to examine prospects for improving PRG in Seoul. We found a gap between the perceptions of key informants and *** informants believed that citizens' low awareness of flood risks hinders PRG. Yet our research found that citizens' risk awareness was not low, and risk awareness may not be the main barrier to participation in PRG. Instead, we found that citizens lacked knowledge of FRM actions, and they assigned government bodies a high level of responsibility for FRM,compared to the level of responsibility that citizens assigned to themselves. Moreover, the actors involved in FRM tended not to trust each other, which implies a lack of mutual understanding. To increase the eff ectiveness of PRG, we suggest a polycentric governance structure anchored by a leading actor group, and active promotion of the participation of actors at multiple levels of governance. Communication between government and citizen participants, designed to foster improved understanding and recognition of one another's roles and contributions to FRM, will enhance trust and improve the implementation of PRG in Seoul.

关键词： Citizen participation Flood risk management Participatory risk governance Risk awareness South Korea Urban flood risk

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Storage, form, and influencing factors of karst inorganic carbon in a carbonate area in China

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 725-739页

作者： Chaochao DU Xiaoyong BAI Yangbing LI Qiu TAN Cuiwei ZHAO Guangjie LUO Luhua WU Fei CHEN Chaojun LI Chen RAN Sirui ZHANG Lian XIONG Fengjiao SONG Biqin XIAO Zilin LI Yingying XUE Mingkang LONG Qing LUO Xiaoyun ZHANG Minghui LI Xiaoqian SHEN Shu YANG State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China School of geography and Environmental sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary science and Global Change Xi'an 710061China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed Guizhou Normal CollegeGuiyang 550018China college of resources and Environmental Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025China

Carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sinks reduce the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and global warming. However, uncertainty still exists in the estimation results of carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink fluxes(CCSF), and the contributions of climate change and ecological restoration to the CCSF are not clear. To this end, we compiled published site data on ion concentrations in different watersheds in China and used a classical thermodynamic dissolution model to reassess the potential and spatial and temporal patterns of the CCSF in China from 1991 to 2020. We quantified the contributions of temperature(MAT), precipitation(MAP), evapotranspiration(ET), soil water(SM), and the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) to the CCSF. The results revealed that(1) China's CCSF was 22.76 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1), which was higher than the global average(15.77 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)). The total carbonate rock chemical weathering carbon sink(CCS) was 4772.67×10^(4)t CO_(2), contributing 14.91% of the global CCS through a carbonate rock area of 252.98×10^(4)km^(-2).(2) China's CCSF decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, with values of 33.14, 12.93, and7.27 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1)in the southern karst, Qinghai-Tibetan karst, and northern karst regions, respectively.(3) The overall CCSF in China exhibited an increasing trend from 1991 to 2020, with a rate of increase of 0.16 t CO_(2)km^(-2)yr^(-1).(4) The contributions of the MAP, MAT, ET, SM, and NDVI to the CCSF were 63.3%, 3.02%, 27.5%, 3.1%, and 3.05%, respectively. Among them, the increase in precipitation was the main contributor to the increase in the CCSF in China over the last 30 years, while the enhancement of ET offset part of the positive contribution of the increase in precipitation to the CCSF. In conclusion, the results of this study provide a systematic quantification of the magnitude, the patterns, and the influencing factors of CCS over a long time series in

关键词： Carbonate rocks Carbon sinks Patterns Influencing factors Thermodynamic dissolution modeling

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Hyperspectral remote sensing identification of marine oil emulsions based on the fusion of spatial and spectral features

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第3期43卷 139-154页

作者： Xinyue Huang Yi Ma Zongchen Jiang Junfang Yang School of geography and Marine science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Marine Telemetry Technology Innovation Center Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001China China University of Petroleum(East China) Qingdao 266061China

Marine oil spill emulsions are difficult to recover,and the damage to the environment is not easy to *** use of remote sensing to accurately identify oil spill emulsions is highly important for the protection of marine ***,the spectrum of oil emulsions changes due to different water *** remote sensing and deep learning can use spectral and spatial information to identify different types of oil ***,hyperspectral data can also cause information redundancy,reducing classification accuracy and efficiency,and even overfitting in machine learning *** address these problems,an oil emulsion deep-learning identification model with spatial-spectral feature fusion is established,and feature bands that can distinguish between crude oil,seawater,water-in-oil emulsion(WO),and oil-in-water emulsion(OW)are filtered based on a standard deviation threshold–mutual information *** oil spill airborne hyperspectral data,we conducted identification experiments on oil emulsions in different background waters and under different spatial and temporal conditions,analyzed the transferability of the model,and explored the effects of feature band selection and spectral resolution on the identification of oil *** results show the following.(1)The standard deviation–mutual information feature selection method is able to effectively extract feature bands that can distinguish between WO,OW,oil slick,and *** number of bands was reduced from 224 to 134 after feature selection on the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer(AVIRIS)data and from 126 to 100 on the S185 data.(2)With feature selection,the overall accuracy and Kappa of the identification results for the training area are 91.80%and 0.86,respectively,improved by 2.62%and 0.04,and the overall accuracy and Kappa of the identification results for the migration area are 86.53%and 0.80,respectively,improved by 3.45%and 0.05.(3)The oil emulsion id

关键词： oil emulsions identification hyperspectral remote sensing feature selection convolutional neural network(CNN) spatial-temporal transferability

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Degradation of iopamidol in the permanganate/sulfite process:Evolution of iodine species and effect on the subsequent formation of disinfection by-products

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第1期135卷 345-352页

作者： Yimin Lin Hongyu Dong Yating Zhu Gongming Zhou Junlian Qiao Xiaohong Guan State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Environmental science School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

Permanganate/sulfite(Mn(VII)/S(IV))process is a promising pre-oxidation technology for sequestering the emerging organic contaminants in drinking water treatment ***(IPM),a representative of iodinated X-ray contrast media,has been widely detected in water sources and has the risk of forming iodinated disinfection byproducts(I-DBPs)in water treatment *** this study,we investigated the evolution of iodine species during the IPM degradation by the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process and its effect on the subsequent formation of I-DBPs during chlorination at pH 7.0 and *** could be effectively degraded in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process at environmentally relevant pH(pH 7.0 and 8.0).The results of quenching and competitive oxidation kinetic experiments revealed that SO^(·-)_(4)was the major reactive oxidizing species contributing to the degradation of IPM whereas the contributions of HO·and reactive manganese species were negligible in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)process.I–and IO–3were generated while no HOI was detected during the degradation of IPM in the Mn(VII)/S(IV)*** effects of IPM oxidation by Mn(VII)/S(IV)on the subsequent formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products(Cl-DBPs)during chlorination were related to the category of *** pre-oxidation of IPM by Mn(VII)/S(IV)resulted in the generation of I-DBPs during the disinfection process although no I-DBPs were detected if no pre-oxidation was *** finding of this study suggested that attention should be paid to the toxicity of DBPs when water containing iodinated organic contaminants is treated by Mn(VII)/S(IV)process or other pre-oxidation technologies.

关键词： Permanganate/sulfite Iopamidol Sulfate radical Iodinated disinfection byproducts Pre-oxidation

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Does digitalization mitigate regional inequalities?Evidence from China

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geography and Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 52-63页

作者： Haimeng Liu Xinyang Wang Zheye Wang Yu Cheng Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China college of resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China college of geography and Environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250358China Natural resources Bureau of Changqing District Jinan 250300China Kinder Institute for Urban Research Rice UniversityHouston TX 77005USA

Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human *** China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between *** analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated *** results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four ***,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than ***,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent *** southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern *** digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative *** study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these *** study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.

关键词： Regional inequality Regional disparities Digital divide Digitalization Sustainable development Economic growth Seemingly unrelated regression

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Potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for soil health:A review

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 279-288页

作者： Junling ZHANG Ruotong ZHAO Xia LI Jiangzhou ZHANG college of resources and Environmental sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentKey Laboratory of Plant-Soil InteractionsMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of Agronomy and Life science Shanxi Datong UniversityDatong 037009China college of resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

Soil health is an important component of“One Health”.Soils provide habitat to diverse and abundant *** microbial diversity and functions is essential for building healthy soils towards sustainable *** mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)form potentially symbiotic associations with approximately 80%of land plant species that are well recognized for carbon flux and nutrient *** addition to disentangling the signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms between the two partners,recent advances in hyphosphere research highlight some emerging roles of AMF and associated microbes in the delivery of soil *** paper reviews the contribution of AMF to soil health in agroecosystems,with a major focus on recent progress in the contribution of hyphosphere microbiome to nutrient cycling,carbon sequestration,and soil *** hyphosphere microbiome and fungal stimulants open avenues for developing new fertilizer formulas to promote AMF *** practice,developing AMF-friendly management strategies will have long-term positive effects on sustainable agriculture aiming at simultaneously providing food security,increasing resource use efficiency,and maintaining environment integrity.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-friendly management strategies carbon sequestration hyphosphere microbiome nutrient cycling soil aggregation soilfunctions

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A flexible multiscale algorithm based on an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for complex viscoelastic flows

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1387-1402页

作者： Jinlian REN Peirong LU Tao JIANG Jianfeng LIU Weigang LU college of Mathematical science Yangzhou University college of Hydraulic science and Engineering Yangzhou University

Viscoelastic flows play an important role in numerous engineering fields,and the multiscale algorithms for simulating viscoelastic flows have received significant attention in order to deepen our understanding of the nonlinear dynamic behaviors of viscoelastic fluids. However, traditional grid-based multiscale methods are confined to simple viscoelastic flows with short relaxation time, and there is a lack of uniform multiscale scheme available for coupling different solvers in the simulations of viscoelastic fluids. In this paper, a universal multiscale method coupling an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) and multiscale universal interface(MUI) library is presented for viscoelastic flows. The proposed multiscale method builds on an improved SPH method and leverages the MUI library to facilitate the exchange of information among different solvers in the overlapping domain. We test the capability and flexibility of the presented multiscale method to deal with complex viscoelastic flows by solving different multiscale problems of viscoelastic flows. In the first example, the simulation of a viscoelastic Poiseuille flow is carried out by two coupled improved SPH methods with different spatial resolutions. The effects of exchanging different physical quantities on the numerical results in both the upper and lower domains are also investigated as well as the absolute errors in the overlapping domain. In the second example, the complex Wannier flow with different Weissenberg numbers is further simulated by two improved SPH methods and coupling the improved SPH method and the dissipative particle dynamics(DPD) method. The numerical results show that the physical quantities for viscoelastic flows obtained by the presented multiscale method are in consistence with those obtained by a single solver in the overlapping domain. Moreover, transferring different physical quantities has an important effect on the numerical results.

关键词： 35Q30 76A10 76M28 complex viscoelastic flow dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) multiscale method multiscale universal interface (MUI) O373

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Temporal and spatial variation and prediction of water yield and water conservation in the Bosten Lake Basin based on the PLUS-InVEST model

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第6期16卷 852-874页

作者： CHEN Jiazhen KASIMU Alimujiang REHEMAN Rukeya WEI Bohao HAN Fuqiang ZHANG Yan School of geography and Tourism Xinjiang Normal UniversityUrumqi 830054China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lake Environment and resources in Arid Zone Urumqi 830054China School of geography and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China

To comprehensively evaluate the alterations in water ecosystem service functions within arid watersheds,this study focused on the Bosten Lake Basin,which is situated in the arid region of Northwest *** research was based on land use/land cover(LULC),natural,socioeconomic,and accessibility data,utilizing the Patch-level Land Use Simulation(PLUS)and Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)models to dynamically assess LULC change and associated variations in water yield and water *** analyses included the evaluation of contribution indices of various land use types and the investigation of driving factors that influence water yield and water *** results showed that the change of LULC in the Bosten Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020 showed a trend of increasing in cultivated land and construction land,and decreasing in grassland,forest,and unused *** unused land of all the three predicted scenarios of 2030(S1,a natural development scenario;S2,an ecological protection scenario;and S3,a cultivated land protection scenario)showed a decreasing *** scenarios S1 and S3 showed a trend of decreasing in grassland and increasing in cultivated land;while the scenario S2 showed a trend of decreasing in cultivated land and increasing in *** water yield of the Bosten Lake Basin exhibited an initial decline followed by a slight increase from 2000 to *** areas with higher water yield values were primarily located in the northern section of the basin,which is characterized by higher *** conservation demonstrated a pattern of initial decrease followed by stabilization,with the northeastern region demonstrating higher water conservation *** the projected LULC scenarios of 2030,the estimated water yield under scenarios S1 and S3 was marginally greater than that under scenario S2;while the level of water conservation across all three scenarios remained rather *** results showed that Hejin

关键词： PLUS model InVEST model Bosten Lake Basin water yield water conservation land-use simulation Geodetector

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