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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai Xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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Trinuclear gold-catalyzed site-selective alkylation of peptides

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第01期 249-256页

作者： Qing-Yun Fang Chengyihan Gu Yinghan Chen Wencheng Yan Yong Liang Weipeng Li Chengjian Zhu Jie Han Jin Xie State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (Chem BIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University

Selective modification of peptides has always been a challenging issue. The selective alkylation of peptides can alter the biological activity and physical properties of molecules, and it has gained significant research interest. We herein disclose an intriguing gold-catalyzed alkylation of peptides using bench-stable unactivated alkyl bromides under photoredox catalysis. A wide range of structurally diverse primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl bromides serve as effective coupling partners to precisely connect with the α-C(sp3)–H in glycine residue of peptides. This protocol demonstrates an exceptionally broad scope for alkyl halides and excellent tolerance for a wide range of useful functional groups. A series of relay transformations to construct cyclic peptides, to proceed click reaction and to realize peptide fluorescence labeling further enhance its synthetic practicality. In addition, mechanistic studies and density functional theory(DFT) calculations reveal an inner-sphere and subsequent outersphere single electron transfer(SET) mechanism.

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Melatonin maintains the storage quality of fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts by regulating phenolic and reactive oxygen species metabolism

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food Quality and Safety 2022年第2期6卷 192-200页

作者： Yuhan Xu Jian Yu Jinhui Chen Jiabao Gong Li Peng Yang Yi Youwei Ai Wenfu Hou Hongxun Wang Ting Min college of food Science and engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina college of Biology and pharmaceutical engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhanChina

Fresh-cut Chinese water chestnuts(CWCs)are prone to quality deterioration during storage,which does not meet consumer *** this study,the effect of exogenous melatonin(5 mmol·L^(-1))on the quality and potential mechanisms in fresh-cut CWC was *** results showed that melatonin treatment alleviated the cut-surface discoloration of *** only did this treatment significantly slow down the in-crease in browning degree and yellowness(b*)as well as the decrease in lightness(L*),but it also significantly delayed the loss of weight and total soluble *** investigations indicated that melatonin-treated fresh-cut CWCs exhibited significantly lower total phenolics and soluble quinones and suppressed the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,polyphenol oxidase,and ***,when fresh-cut CWCs were treated with melatonin,the total flavonoid concentration was significantly decreased compared to the *** ditionally,melatonin significantly inhibited the accumulation of H_(2)O_(2)and malondialdehyde as well as enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase by promoting the production of O_(2)^(-·).In summary,melatonin treatment may delay the surface discoloration of fresh-cut CWCs by inhibiting phenolic compound metabolism and improving antioxidant capacity,thereby effectively maintaining the quality and prolonging the shelf life of fresh-cut CWCs.

关键词： Fresh-cut Chinese water chestnut melatonin storage quality phenolic metabolism reactive oxygen species metabolism

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Preparation,Single-crystal Structure and Antibacterial Activity of N-((6-Bromine-2-methoxylquinoline-3-yl)benzyl)-3-morpho-line-N-(naphthalene-1-yl)propionamide

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2010年第5期29卷 796-800页

作者：蔡志强李姗蓉孙铁民 pharmaceutical engineering college Shenyang Pharmaceutical University

The halogenated hydrocarbon amination reaction between the original raw mate-rial N-（（6-bromine-2-methoxylquinoline-3-yl）benzyl）-3-chlorine-N-（naphthalene-1-yl）propionamide and morpholine produces the target molecule N-（（6-bromine-2-methoxylquinoline-3-yl）benzyl）-3-morpholine-N-（naphthalene-1-yl）propionamide （C34H32BrN3O3,Mr=610.54）,and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR,IR,H RMS and X-ray single-crystal *** crystal is of triclinic system,space group P1 with a=9.315（2）,b=10.3449（12）,c=15.901（3）,α=80.981（14）,β=76.996（17）,γ=74.917（13）°,V=1433.6（5）3,Z=2,Dc=1.414 g/cm3,F（000）= 632,μ（MoKα）=1.47 mm-1,the final R=0.0735 and wR=*** total,5585 independent reflections including 3727 observed ones with I 〉 2σ（I） were *** dihedral angle between naphthyl and substituted quinolyl and that between phenyl and substituted quinolyl are 61.2（1） and 108.2（1）°,*** C-H…O and C-H…N hydrogen bonds among molecules,the whole molecule is stacked into a three-dimensional *** addition,π-π stacking among adjacent naphthalene rings makes the molecule more stable,and the morpholine ring adopts a chair *** target molecule exhibits good antibacterial activity.

关键词： synthesis crystal structure quinoline antibacterial activity

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Unlocking the stable interface in aqueous zinc-ion battery with multifunctional xylose-based electrolyte additives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期 770-778页

作者： Xiaoqin Li Jian Xiang Lu Qiu Xiaohan Chen Yinkun Zhao Yujue Wang Qu Yue Taotao Gao Wenlong Liu Dan Xiao Zhaoyu Jin Panpan Li Institute for Advanced Study Chengdu University School of Mechanical engineering Chengdu University college of food and Biological engineering Chengdu University Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China college of Materials Science and engineering Sichuan University

The growth of dendrites and the side reactions occurring at the Zn anode pose significant challenges to the commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries（AZIBs）. These challenges arise from the inherent conflict between mass transfer and electrochemical kinetics. In this study, we propose the use of a multifunctional electrolyte additive based on the xylose（Xylo） molecule to address these issues by modulating the solvation structure and electrode/electrolyte interface, thereby stabilizing the Zn anode. The introduction of the additive alters the solvation structure, creating steric hindrance that impedes charge transfer and then reduces electrochemical kinetics. Furthermore, in-situ analyses demonstrate that the reconstructed electrode/electrolyte interface facilitates stable and rapid Zn2+ion migration and suppresses corrosion and hydrogen evolution reactions. As a result, symmetric cells incorporating the Xylo additive exhibit significantly enhanced reversibility during the Zn plating/stripping process, with an impressively long lifespan of up to 1986 h, compared to cells using pure ZnSO4electrolyte. When combined with a polyaniline cathode, the full cells demonstrate improved capacity and long-term cyclic stability. This work offers an effective direction for improving the stability of Zn anode via electrolyte design, as well as highperformance AZIBs.

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Effect of different forms of selenium in osteoporosis rat model induced by retinoic acid

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food Quality and Safety 2023年第2期7卷 360-369页

作者：黎海涛郭燕陈晓燕满正印张小涛 Department of food Science Zhejiang Pharmaceutical CollegeNingboChina

Osteoporosis is a typical physiological disease,the main symptoms of which are brittle fracture,bone pain and easily *** an individual ages,the prevalence of osteoporosis increases year by *** the present study,selenium with antioxidant,immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects was used to prevent osteoporosis induced by retinoic *** serum calcium contents in the selenium-treated groups(sodium selenite and selenomethionine)were significantly higher(P0.05)in the activity of GOT and *** content of ALP decreased obviously and the TRACP enzyme activity ***,these results showed that different forms of selenium compounds have great potential in preventing and treating osteoporosis.

关键词： Retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis rat model sodium selenite selenomethionine prevention treatment

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Effect of aluminum stress on the quality of Enteromorpha prolifera based on SEM-EDX and FT-IR

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food Quality and Safety 2021年第1期5卷 76-82页

作者： Liping Zhou Ye Wang Yongjiang Lou Haitao Shao Yongyong Li college of food and pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo UniversityNingboChina

To clarify the effect of aluminum stress on the quality of Enteromorpha prolifera(***)and to explore the mechanism of the combination of aluminum and ***,we analyzed changes in the nutrients,micromorphology,element distribution,and spectrum of *** treated with different concentrations of aluminum(0,0.2,2.0,and 20.0μmol· L^(-1))using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDX)and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The biomass,protein,dietary fiber,and ash contents of *** initially increased and then subsequently decreased with an increasing concentration of ***,the total amount of amino acids *** the surface of *** by SEM-EDX revealed that a high concentration of aluminum damaged the cells of ***,the content of aluminum on the surface of *** cells increased and the absorption of other elements was also *** FT-IR analysis showed that aluminum might combine with the functional groups at the 3408 cm^(-)1,2928 cm1,and 1072 cm^(-)1 peaks in *** and alter the characteristic of the different absorption peaks.

关键词： Enteromorpha prolifera aluminum stress scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

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Synthesis and Density Functional Theory(DFT) Calculation of Haptens for PAHs

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2019年第2期38卷 171-186,165页

作者： LIU Yuan-Yuan LV Kun-Zhi LI Yi NAN Qiu-Li XU Jin-Yuan School of Chemical and pharmaceutical engineering Chengxian College Southeast University Nanjing Sanhome pharmaceutical Co Ltd. college of food Science and Light Industry Nanjing Tech. University

Five PAHs haptens 3 a～3 e were synthesized from naphthalene, anthracene, chrysene, pyrene and acenaphthene via two steps including Friedel-Crafts acylation and WolffKishner-Huang reduction. The sixth hapten 4-(acenaphthylen-3-yl)butanoic acid(3 f) was prepared from hapten 3 e via three steps including esterification, bromination and elimination. Their structures were confirmed by melting point, ~1H NMR and ^(13)C NMR. Their optical properties and crystal structures were also investigated. The results of density functional theory(DFT) calculation provided the supports that the size, shape(geometry) and electronic properties at the corresponding parts of 3 a～3 f did not change significantly, compared to those of PAHs. The haptens 3 a～3 f were coupled with bovine serum albumin(BSA) to make antigens. The coupling ratios were 1:20～1:38. These results show that the haptens could be used to induce specific antibodies for PAHs.

关键词： haptens for PAHs synthesis characterization DFT calculation electronic structure properties

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Promoting performance of lithium-sulfur battery via in situ sulfur reduced graphite oxide coating

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Rare Metals 2021年第2期40卷 417-424页

作者： Yuan Li Xiao-Tian Guo Song-Tao Zhang Huan Pang Department of Pharmacy Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science CollegeHuai’an223003China School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Guangling CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225000China

Activated graphene/sulfur structure sheathed in a flexible graphene layer is presented as the cathode material of lithium-sulfur *** surface coating graphite oxide sheets are reduced by a one-step in situ sulfur reduction method under vacuum at 600℃without any additional *** high reduction degree of in situ sulfur reduced graphite oxide(RGO)coating layer will facilitate the rapid charge transfer at high current *** flexible encapsulated RGO structure will retard the diffusion of polysulfides and adjust the volume change of sulfur in *** a result,the electrochemical evaluation of the RGO-activated graphene(AG)/S electrode demonstrates superior capacity,cycling and rate *** RGO-AG/S electrode with 60 wt%sulfur loading achieves a stable cyclability over 2000 galvanostatic charge/discharge process(capacity-fade rate of only 0.03%per cycle at1600 mA·g^(-1)).The average Coulombic efficiency remains at~96%with no electrolyte additives(such as LiNO_(3)).The outstanding property of RGO-AG/S electrode is attributed to the distinctive in situ sulfur RGOcoated hierarchical texture.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur battery Surface coating In situ Activated graphene Long-term stability

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Architecture modification and In^(3+)-doping of WO_(3) photoanodes to boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第11期66卷 3269-3279页

作者： Peng Zeng Yang Zhou Lingling Peng Shaochuan Wang Tianyou Peng School of food and pharmaceutical engineering Zhaoqing UniversityZhaoqing 526061China college of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

WO_(3) photoanodes have been widely utilized for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in the photoelectrochemical water splitting ***,the effects of hydrazine hydrate modification and In^(3+)-doping on the physicochemical properties and photocurrent density of the WO_(3) photoanode prepared by hydrothermally treating at 160℃followed by calcining at 500℃are *** them,the hydrazine hydrate in the hydrothermal solution can serve as a texture regulator,resulting in the formation of WO_(3) films with the layered architecture stacked by nanosheets dominantly exposed(020)facets,which allows the WO_(3) films to have faster charge separation and larger specific surface area for OER according to the characterization results of microstructures and photoelectrochemcial behaviors;while the In^(3+)-doping can optimize the energy band structure of WO_(3) and adjust the work function to increase the driving force of OER based on the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy,Mott–Schottky and open-circuit photovoltage *** the simulated sunlight(AM1.5G)illumination,the designed In^(3+)–WO_(3)(N_2H_4)photoanode in Na_2SO_4 solution delivers amaximum incident photon-to-current efficiency of 38.6%at 410 nm and a photocurrent density of 1.93 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V ***,which is 2.8 and 3.0 times higher than the pristine WO_(3) photoanode,*** study provides a promising strategy to improve the water splitting performance of nanostructured WO_(3) photoanodes by altering the architecture and introducing heteroatoms.

关键词： WO_(3)photoanode oxygen evolution reaction photoelectrochemical water splitting doping architecture modification

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