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Record-high heat transfer performance of spray cooling on 3D-printed hierarchical micro/nano-structured surface

Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 223-231页

作者： Yongyan Hu Yifan Lei Xiuliang Liu Ronggui Yang School of energy and power engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China college of engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Managing high-flux waste heat with controllable device working temperature is becoming challenging and critical for the artificial intelligence,communications,electric vehicles,defense and aerospace *** cooling,which combines forced convection with phase-change latent heat of working fluids,is promising for high flux heat *** of the previous studies on spray cooling enhancement adopted high spray flow rates to strengthen forced convection for high critical heat flux(CHF),leading to a low heat transfer coefficient(HTC).Micro/nanostructured surfaces can enhance boiling,but bubbles inside the structures tend to form a vapor blanket,which can deteriorate heat *** work demonstrates simultaneous enhancement of CHF and HTC in spray cooling by improving both evaporation and liquid film boiling on three-dimensional(3D)ordered hierarchical micro/nano-structured *** hierarchical micro/nano-structured surface is designed to coordinate the transport of spray droplets,capillary liquid films,and boiling bubbles to enhance spray cooling *** inversion where superheat decreases with increasing heat flux is observed,leading to an ultra-high HTC due to the simultaneous promotion of bubble nucleation and *** CHF is obtained by overcoming the liquid–vapor counterflow,i.e.,synergistically facilitating bubble escape and liquid permeation.A record-breaking heat transfer performance of spray cooling is achieved with a maximum heat flux of1273 W/cm^(2)and an HTC of 443.7 kW/(m^(2)K)over a 1 cm^(2)heating area.?2024 Science China *** by Elsevier *** Science China *** rights are reserved,including those for text and data mining,AI training,and similar technologies.

关键词： Spray cooling Liquid film boiling Liquid film evaporation Hierarchical structure Thermal management

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Gas-Solid Flow,Combustion Characteristics,and Gas Emissions in a 75 t/h CFB Boiler Based on the CPFD Method

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 323-336页

作者： HUANG Xiankun BAI Zhang ZHU Xiaoli WANG Shuoshuo MU Lin GONG Liang college of New energy China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Key Laboratory of Ocean energy Utilization and energy Conservation of Ministry of Education School of Energy and Power EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China

A 3D simulation using Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics(CPFD)methods was used to calculate coal combustion in a 75 t/h industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed(CFB)*** characteristics,gas-solid flow characteristics,and gaseous pollutant emissions of CFB boilers from combustion ignition to stable operation were systematically evaluated in this *** show that the temperature distribution is relatively uniform throughout the *** the combustion process unfolds within the boiler,the gas composition curve strikingly portrays the inverse correlation between CO_(2)and O_(2)*** the combustion reaction progresses,it becomes evident that the concentration of CO_(2)progressively increases,while the concentration of O_(2)concurrently *** inverse relationship underscores the fundamental combustion reaction,where carbon-based fuels react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and release ***,a comprehensive analysis has revealed that,from ignition to stable combustion,both nitric oxide(NO)and sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))emissions exhibit a declining *** reduction in pollutant generation is attributed to the improvement in combustion *** complete combustion leads to lower levels of unburned hydrocarbons,which are prone to NO ***,the sulfur content in the fuel is more efficiently oxidized to sulfur trioxide(SO_(3))or bound in sulfates,reducing SO_(2)*** steady state in the simulation,the SO_(2)mass flow rate varies significantly with the furnace height,gradually increasing from 0.07 kg·s^(-1)at 4 m at the bottom of the furnace to a peak of 0.078 kg·s^(-1)at 8 m in the center,and then decreasing to 0.06 kg·s^(-1)at 20m at the top of the furnace.

关键词： circulating fluidized bed particle flow combustion CPFD modeling

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Degradation of carbamazepine by the UVA-LED_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process:Kinetics,mechanisms and DBPs yield

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 399-408页

作者： Chenyan Hu Yihui Wu Zhengyu Dong Ziyi Dong Shengjie Ji Lili Hu Xinyu Yang Hao Liu college of Environmental and Chemical engineering Shanghai Engineering Research Center of EnergySaving in Heat Exchange SystemsShanghai University of Electric PowerShanghai 200090China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China

A mixed oxidant of chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))and NaClO was often used in water treatment.A novel UVA-LED(_(365) nm)-activated mixed ClO_(2)/NaClO process was proposed for the degradation of micropollutants in this ***(CBZ)was selected as the target *** with the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2) process,the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process can improve the degradation of CBZ,with the rate constant increasing from 2.11×10^(−4) sec^(−1) to 2.74×10^(−4) sec^(−1).In addition,the consumption of oxidants in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process(73.67%)can also be lower than that of UVA_(365)/NaClO(86.42%).When the NaClO ratio increased,both the degradation efficiency of CBZ and the consumption of oxidants can increase in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO *** solution pH can affect the contribution of NaClO in the total oxidant *** the pH range of 6.0-8.0,the combination process can generate more active species to promote the degradation of *** change of active species with oxidant molar ratio was investigated in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO *** ClO_(2) acted as the main oxidant,HO·and Cl·were the main active species,while when NaClO was the main oxidant,ClO·played a role in the *** chloride ion(Cl^(-)),bicarbonate ion(HCO_(3)^(-)),and nitrate ion(NO_(3)^(-))can promote the reaction *** the concentration of NaClO in the reaction solution increased,the generation of chlorates will *** UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process can effectively control the formation of volatile disinfection by-products(DBPs),and with the increase of ClO_(2) dosage,the formation of DBPs can also decrease.

关键词： UVA Chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2)) NaClO Carbamazepine(CBZ) Disinfection by-products

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A seaweed-inspired separator for high performance Zn metal batteries:Boosting kinetics and confining side-reactions

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 191-200页

作者： Qianzhi Gou Horan Luo Long Qu Feilin Yu Kaixin Wang Sida Zhang Ziga Luogu Ben Zhang Yujie Zheng Bingye Song John Wang Meng Li National Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of energy Storage MOE Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and SystemsCQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials & Devices Joint Laboratory College of Energy & Power Engineering Chongqing University School of Building Services Science and engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Chongqing University of Science and Technology Southwest Technology and engineering Research Institute National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute

Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion *** glass fiber（GF） separator with chemical inertness is almost ineffective in restricting these ***,inspired by the ionic enrichment behavior of seaweed plants,a facile biomass species,anionic sodium alginate（SA）,is purposely decorated on the commercial GF separator to tackle these issues towards Zn *** from the abundant zincophilic functional groups and superior mechanical strength properties,the as-obtained SA@GF separator could act as ion pump to boost the Zn2+transference number（0.68）,reduce the de-solvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn2+,and eliminate the undesired concentration polarization effect,which are verified by experimental tests,theoretical calculations,and finite element simulation,*** on these efficient modulation mechanisms,the SA@GF separator can synchronously achieve well-aligned Zn deposition and the suppression of parasitic ***,the Zn‖Zn coin cell integrated with SA@GF separator could yield a prolonged calendar lifespan over 1230 h(1 mA cm-2and 1 mAh cm-2),exhibiting favorable competitiveness with previously reported separator modification ***,the Zn-MnO2full and pouch cell assembled with the SA@GF separator also delivered superior cycling stability and rate performance,further verifying its practical application *** work provides a new design philosophy to stabilize the Zn anode from the aspect of separator.

关键词： Aqueous zinc-ion batteries Dendrite-free Interfacial reaction kinetics Separator modification Sodium alginate

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From waste to wealth:Coal tar residue derived carbon materials as low-cost anodes for potassium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 464-475页

作者： Zhonghua Lu Jun Shen Xin Zhang Lingcong Chao Liang Chen Ding Zhang Tao Wei Shoudong Xu college of Chemical engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China college of Chemistry Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Chemical engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of energy and power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system *** tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable *** this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances *** on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were ***,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of *** indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”*** work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.

关键词： coal tar residue carbon materials anode potassium-ion batteries high value-added

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A Wind Tunnel Experimental Study on the Wake Characteristics of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 145-158页

作者： GUO Xingduo LI Yinran LI Rennian MA Yulong WEI Kui college of energy and power engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and Systems Lanzhou 730050China Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines Lanzhou 730050China

The characteristics of wind turbine wakes are influenced by multiple factors,including the atmospheric boundary layer(ABL)wind and wind turbine operating conditions(e.g.,tip speed ratio and yaw angle).In this study,two types of ABL winds with different velocity gradients and turbulence intensities are generated in a wind tunnel through configurations of spires,baffles,and various numbers of roughness elements.A wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 0.8 m and a hub height of 0.6 m is tested under varying tip speed ratios,yaw angles,and ABL wind *** results indicate that the streamwise velocity deficit in the near-wake region becomes more pronounced with an increase in the tip speed ratio,while the far-wake velocity deficit remains largely unaffected by changes in the tip speed *** the yaw angle increases,the wake deflection becomes more prominent and the wake narrows;the offset of the wake center at various downstream positions grows linearly,reaching a maximum value of approximately half the rotor ***,the turbulence level and influence range in the wake region are reduced when the turbine is *** ABL wind conditions,high turbulence intensity in the incoming flow accelerates wake recovery,and the Reynolds stress at different lateral positions tends to become consistent with increasing longitudinal ***,turbulence has a significant impact on the meandering characteristics of the wind turbine wake,with greater fluctuations in the wake center observed under higher turbulence ***,this study provides insights that could inform the optimal operation of wind farms.

关键词： horizontal axis wind turbine wind tunnel experiment wind turbine wake turbulence

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Effects of Operation Parameters on Heat Transfer in Tubular Moving Bed Heat Exchangers:A CFD-DEM Study

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第02期 542-554页

作者： LU Weiqin LI Zhihan TANG Xueyu LIU Dinghe KE Xiwei ZHOU Tuo Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and power engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua University School of Transportation and Vehicle engineering Shandong University of Technology college of Electrical and power engineering Taiyuan University of Technology

Tubular moving bed heat exchangers（MBHEs） present inherent advantages for efficiently and stably recovering sensible heat from high-temperature granular *** this study,we introduce a viable and practical approach based on the combined approach of Computational Fluid Dynamics with Discrete Element Method（CFD-DEM） and employ it to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the effects of operation parameters on tubular *** parameters include inlet particle temperature（ranging from 500℃ to 700℃）,tube wall temperature（ranging from 50℃ to 250℃）,and particle descent velocity（ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 12 mm/s）.Our analysis reveals that the heat radiation and gas film heat conduction predominantly govern the heat transfer process in the particle-fluid-wall system,collectively contributing to approximately 90% of the total heat flux of tube wall(Qwsimu).The results indicate that increasing the inlet particle temperature and reducing the tube wall temperature intensify heat transfer by enlarging the temperature *** interestingly,Qwsimuexhibits three distinct stages as particle descent velocity increases,including an ascent stage,a descent stage,and a stable ***,the simulation attempts suggest that the optimal descent velocity for maximizing Qwsimufalls within the range of 1.3-2.0 mm/*** findings not only uncover the precise influence mechanisms of operation parameters on heat transfer outcomes but also offer valuable insights for heat transfer enhancement efficiency in MBHE system.

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Experimental verification of a PIV-based pressure field reconstruction technology in supersonic flows

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Science China Technological Sciences 2025年第3期68卷 243-261页

作者： Jie TIAN Jinglei XU Shun LIU Le CAI college of energy and power engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Aeronautics and Astronautics Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of energy and power engineering Jiangsu University

This study proposes a novel approach that involves applying the flux vector splitting(FVS) technique to discretize and approximate conservative Navier-Stokes equations and thus reconstruct pressure fields from planar velocimetry data in compressible flows, especially for supersonic flows with strong shocks. Data are typically resolved by using the particle image velocimetry(PIV) technique. Two supersonic experiments under Mach 2.9–3.0 conditions were conducted to generate strong shocks and investigate the performance of the FVS method, including oblique shock flow and shock wave/boundary layer interaction(SWBLI) coupled with flow separation. Reconstructed pressure fields were comprehensively evaluated. The shock polar results indicated that FVS method possessed higher accuracy in post-shock regions with a pressure ratio error of less than2%, especially for the areas downstream of the shock-shock intersection point and the shock-boundary intersection point, where the conventional Poisson method was ineffective and larger errors accumulated. Wall pressure in SWBLI flow also had better agreement. Furthermore, the performances of different methods were discussed from the perspective of the physical characteristics in supersonic flows, which explained the superiority of the FVS method because the pressure information was delivered along the characteristic direction of physical waves.

关键词： particle image velocimetry supersonic flow pressure reconstruction flux vector splitting technique

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Research progress of catalysts for direct coal liquefaction

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 481-497页

作者： Wei Song Penggao Liu Xinyue Chen Ting Wang Chunrong He Rui Hao Kaiyu Liu State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based energy resources College of ChemistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830017XinjiangChina college of Chemistry and Chemical engineering Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454003HenanChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina

Coal direct liquefaction technology is a crucial contemporary coal chemical technology for efficient and clean use of coal resources. The development of direct coal liquefaction technology and the promotion of alternative energy sources are important measures to guarantee energy security and economic security. However, several challenges need to be addressed, including low conversion rate, inadequate oil yield, significant coking, demanding reaction conditions, and high energy consumption. Extensive research has been conducted on these issues, but further exploration is required in certain aspects such as pyrolysis of macromolecules during the liquefaction process, hydrogen activation, catalysts' performance and stability, solvent hydrogenation, as well as interactions between free radicals to understand their mechanisms better. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the design strategy for efficient catalysts in coal liquefaction, encompassing the mechanism of coal liquefaction, catalyst construction,and enhancement of catalytic conversion efficiency. It serves as a comprehensive guide for further research endeavors. Firstly, it systematically summarizes the conversion mechanism of direct coal liquefaction, provides detailed descriptions of various catalyst design strategies, and especially outlines the catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and prospects associated with constructing efficient catalysts for direct coal liquefaction based on an understanding of their action mechanisms.

关键词： Direct coal liquefaction Catalysts Mechanismof action Solvent hydrogenation

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Rationally constructing metallic Sn-ZnO heterostructure via in-situ Mn doping for high-rate Na-ion batteries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 518-525页

作者： Bin Fenga Tao Long Ruotong Li Yuan-Li Ding college of Materials Science and engineering Hunan University college of Materials and Chemical engineering Key laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials China Three Gorges University

Developing a heterostructure for alloying-based anode for sodium-ion batteries（SIBs） is an efficient solution to accommodate volume change upon sodiation/desodiation and boost sodium storage since it combines the merits of each component. Herein, we report a metallic and microphone-like Sn-Zn0.9Mn0.1O heterostructure via an in-situ Mn doping strategy. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental results, the introduction of Mn into Zn O（a small amount of Mn also diffuses into the Sn lattice） can not only enhance intrinsic electronic conductivity but also reduce the Na+diffusion barrier inside the Sn phase. When evaluated as anode for SIBs, the obtained heterostructures show a high reversible capacity of 395.1 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, rate capability of 332 mAh/g at 5 A/g, and capacity retention of almost 100%after 850 cycles at 5 A/g, indicating its great potential for high-power application of SIBs.

关键词： Heterostructures Mn-doping Sn anode Sn-Zn0.9Mn0.1O Sodium-ion battery

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