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A test on adverse selection of farmers in crop insurance:Results from Inner Mongolia,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第2期16卷 478-485页

作者： ZHAO Yuan-feng CHAI Zhi-hui Michael S.Delgado Paul V.Preckel college of economics and management Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Department of agricultural economics Purdue University

Adverse selection is an operating risk of crop insurance. Based on survey data on crop insurance collected by questionnaires in Inner Mongolia, China, the paper uses non-parametric analysis and econometric models to estimate the relationship between conditions for crop production and farmers＇ insurance decision in order to test the existence of farmers＇ adverse selection. The results show farmers＇ adverse selection does exist, but settling a claim by negotiation and premium subsidy from governments at all levels can defuse farmers＇ adverse selection under the current system of crop insurance. Risk regionalization, heterogeneous insurance contract and product innovation may decrease adverse selection to some extent.

关键词： crop insurance farmers adverse selection

Factors influencing hybrid maize farmers' risk attitudes and their perceptions in Punjab Province,Pakistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1454-1462页

作者： Shoaib Akhtar LI Gu-cheng Raza Ullah Adnan Nazir Muhammad Amjed Iqbal Muhammad Haseeb Raza Nadeem Iqbal Muhammad Faisal college of economics & management Huazhong Agricultural University Institute of agricultural and Resource economics University of Agriculture Faisalabad The management School Lancaster University

Hybrid maize farmers have to face diverse kinds of climate, biological, price and financial risks. Farmers＇ risk perceptions and risk attitudes are essential elements influencing farm operations and management decisions. However, this important issue has been overlooked in the contemporary studies and therefore there is a dearth of literature on this important issue. The present research is therefore, an attempt to fill this gap. This study aims to quantify hybrid maize farmers＇ perceptions of disastrous risks, their attitudes towards risk and to explore the impacts of various farm and farm household factors on farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The present study is conducted in four hybrid maize growing districts of Punjab Province, Pakistan, using cross-sectional data of 400 hybrid maize farmers. Risk matrix and equally likely certainty equivalent （ELCE） method are used to rank farmers＇ perceptions of four catastrophic risk sources including climate, biological, price and financial risks and to investigate farmers＇ risk aversion attitudes, respectively. Furthermore, probit regression is used to analyze the determinants affecting farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The results of the study showed that majority of farmers are risk averse in nature and perceive price, biological and climate to be potential sources of risks to their farm enterprise. In addition, analysis divulges that distance from farm to main market, off-farm income, location dummies for Sahiwal and Okara, age, maize farming experience, access to extension agent, significantly （either negatively or positively） influence farmers＇ risk attitudes and risk perceptions. The study delivers valuable insights for farmers, agricultural insurance sector, extension services researchers and agricultural policy makers about the local understanding of risks to hybrid maize crop in developing countries, like Pakistan, and have implications for research on farmers＇ adaptation to exposed risks.

关键词： risk perceptions risk attitude hybrid maize determinants Punjab Pakistan

What determines irrigation efficiency when farmers face extreme weather events? A field survey of the major wheat producing regions in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1888-1899页

作者： SONG Chun-xiao Les Oxley MA Heng-yun college of economics and management Henan Agricultural University Department of economics and Finance University of Waikato

Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.

关键词： irrigation efficiency determinants irrigation facilities water-saving techniques extreme weather events

Price transmission in hog and feed markets of China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1122-1129页

作者： ZHOU De Dieter Koemle college of economics and management Nanjing Agricultural University Department of agricultural economics and Rural Development University of Gttingen

There is an increasing demand for feed as the industrialization of hog production in China. Land scarcity limits China＇s ability to continue increasing its hog production without feed imports, particularly soybean, and the feed markets are increasingly integrated into the global market. This study performs an analysis of price transmission between the hog price in China and feed prices, specifically domestic maize price and international soybean price, from January 2000 to April 2014. We identified a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between the three markets. However, further analyses show that there is no significant Granger causality between hog and feed market, and the long-run equilibrium partially results from Granger causality between the international soybean market and domestic maize market. This suggests that the domestic hog market has been distorted by different policies. The results also indicate that the efficiency of price transmission is very low and it takes about 11 months to correct one-half of any long-run disequilibrium for the hog market in China. Therefore, to stabilize hog price in China, only market intervention to regulate the maize and soybean markets would be insufficient and comprehensive measures need to be taken into account such as hog production modernization, agricultural insurance, epidemic surveillance etc.

关键词： soybean maize prices surveillance scarcity imports modernization insurance agricultural stabilize

Does labor off-farm employment inevitably lead to land rent out?Evidence from China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第3期16卷 689-700页

作者： DENG Xin XU Ding-de ZENG Miao QI Yan-bin college of economics Sichuan Agricultural University Sichuan Center for Rural Development Research College of ManagementSichuan Agricultural University School of economics Sichuan University

The focus of land economics is on how to decrease the misallocation of resources to achieve an optimal allocation of resources. Both the theories of new economics of labor migration(NELM) and the conclusions of empirical studies reveal that land resources will inevitably be reallocated(e.g., rented out) if the resources of family labor are reallocated(e.g., off-farm employment). However, this study reveals that off-farm employment does not inevitably lead to land rent out. More precisely, this study uses survey data on 8031 peasant households from 27 provinces in China and explores the relationship between off-farm employment and land rent out by describing spatial features and through empirical analysis(e.g., IV-Probit model and IV-Tobit model). The results show the following: 1) There is an indirect relationship between off-farm employment and land rent out regarding spatial area aggregation, i.e., regions with a higher ratio of off-farm employment also have a lower area of land rent out. 2) Off-farm employment is significantly positively correlated with the behavior of land rent out, but its square is significantly negatively correlated with the behavior, i.e., there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between off-farm employment and the behavior of land rent out, with the turning point being 55.55% offfarm employment. 3) Off-farm employment is significantly positively correlated with the area of land rent out, but its square is significantly negatively correlated with the area, i.e., there is an inverted Ushaped relationship between off-farm employment and the area of land rent out, with the turning point being 56.22% off-farm employment. This study helps explain why China has a high ratio of off-farm employment but a lower rate of land rent out.

关键词： Rural labor Off-farm employment Land rent out Rent out area China

Improve access to the EU market by identifying French consumer preference for fresh fruit from China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第6期17卷 1463-1474页

作者： WANG Er-peng Zhifeng Gao Yan Heng School of economics and management Nanjing Tech University college of economics and management Jilin Agricultural University Food and Resource economics Department University of Florida

Most previous studies have investigated country-of-origin effect for agricultural products from the economically developed country, but few have focused on the impact of country-of-origin on agricultural products from economically developing countries. Using a national online survey in France, we determine French consumers＇ perceptions and preferences for fresh fruit from China. Results of ordered logit models show that fresh fruit from China was perceived as low quality and unsafe. Respondents who care about country-of-origin were less likely to purchase fresh fruit from China, while those who care about brand were more likely to buy Chinese fresh fruit. Risk perception and quality perception both had a significant impact on the purchase of Chinese fresh fruit. Results of latent class models obtained with key consumer demographics show that heterogeneous preferences exist among different consumer groups. The results provide critical information to both China and other economically developing countries in their efforts to improve market penetration in economically developed countries.

关键词： country of origin perception consumer preference fresh fruit China

Livestock production and population census in Pakistan:Determining their relationship with agricultural GDP using econometric analysis

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2017年第2期4卷 168-177页

作者： Abdul Rehman Luan Jingdong Abbas Ali Chandio Imran Hussain college of economics and management Anhui Agricultural UniversityChina college of economics and management Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChina Allama Iqbal Open university Pakistan

Livestock is a subsector of Pakistan agriculture which contributes approximately 56%of value addition in agriculture and nearly 11%to the gross domestic product(GDP).Livestock production makes a major contribution to agriculture value added *** order to highlight the actual performance of livestock production and livestock and poultry products,the study explored the relationship between agricultural GDP and livestock product output,including milk,beef,mutton,poultry meat,eggs,wool,hair,skins,hides and bones,in Pakistan over the 35 year period from 1980 to *** series data were collected from the National Food Security and Research,the Economic Survey of Pakistan and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics(various publications).Livestock data were analysed using the ordinary least squares(OLS)method and the Augmented Dickey-Fuller(ADF)test,and the results were interpreted using the Johansen co-integration *** study found that the output of milk,fat,eggs,bones and mutton has a positive,significant relationship to the agricultural GDP of Pakistan,while the output of beef,poultry meat,wool,hair,skins and hides has a negative,insignificant relationship to the agricultural GDP of ***,the study suggests that the government of Pakistan initiates new funding schemes for the development of the livestock sector.

关键词： Livestock Population census Animal husbandry Poultry OLS agricultural GDP

The puzzle of the missing meat: Food away from home and China's meat statistics

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1033-1044页

作者： XIAO Hong-bo CHEN Qiong WANG Ji-min Les Oxley MA Heng-yun School of economics and management Beijing University of Agriculture Institute of Rural Economy and agricultural Regional Planning Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of agricultural economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of economics University of Waikato college of economics and management Henan Agricultural University

From 1985, an increasing gap has emerged between the official statistical measures of meat production and meat consumption in China, which has raised concerns from many researchers using such data. In this paper we report the results of 428 observations（survey of 107 urban and rural households×4 quarters） from 7 provinces conducted in 2010, and compare them with the official statistical data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China（NBSC）. We conclude that the main reason for the discrepancy is due to the underreporting of consumption, which is due mainly to the omission of consumption away from home.

关键词： consumed quarters capita official household income missing puzzle Bureau raised

Empirical Study of Consumers’ Purchase Intentions in C2C Electronic Commerce

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第3期13卷 287-292页

作者：何德华鲁耀斌周德翼 college of management Huazhong University of Science and Technology college of economics and management Huazhong Agricultural University

Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly important in business, but lack of intention to purchase has become a main barrier in the development of electronic commerce. Thus, effective measures are needed to promote consumers’ intentions to purchase in online consumer to consumer （C2C） stores. This paper postulates that five factors, the perceived ease of use of the website, perceived usefulness of the website, vendor competence, introduction and recommendations of third parties, and vendors’ attitude toward customers, influence consumers’ intentions to purchase in online C2C stores and this intention directly leads to their action to purchase from online C2C stores. The structural equation modeling （SEM） method was used to analyze empirical data, supporting these hypotheses except for the effect of vendor competence.

关键词： electronic commerce consumer to consumer (C2C) purchase intention technology acceptancemodel (TAM) structural equation modeling (SEM)