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Environment and COVID-19 incidence: A critical review

Journal of Environmental sciences 2023年第2期124卷 933-951页

作者： Jiatong Han Jie Yin Xiaoxu Wu Danyang Wang Chenlu Li State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is an unprecedented worldwide health crisis.Many previous research studies have found and investigated its links with one or some natural or human environmental factors.However,a review on the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and both the natural and human environment is still lacking.This review summarizes the inter-correlation between COVID-19 incidence and environmental factors.Based on keyword searching,we reviewed 100 relevant peer-reviewed articles and other research literature published since January 2020.This review is focused on three main findings.One,we found that individual environmental factors have impacts on COVID-19 incidence,but with spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty.Two,environmental factors exert interactive effects on COVID-19 incidence.In particular,the interactions of natural factors can affect COVID-19 transmission in micro-and macro-ways by impacting SARS-CoV-2 survival,as well as human mobility and behaviors.Three,the impact of COVID-19 incidence on the environment lies in the fact that COVID-19-induced lockdowns caused air quality improvement,wildlife shifts and socio-economic depression.The additional value of this review is that we recommend future research perspectives and adaptation strategies regarding the interactions of the environment and COVID-19.Future research should be extended to cover both the effects of the environment on the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19-induced impacts on the environment.Future adaptation strategies should focus on sustainable environmental and public policy responses.

关键词： COVID-19 Natural environment Human environment Interaction

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Characterization of hospital waste in Lahore, Pakistan

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第9期127卷 1732-1736页

作者： Sobia Munir Syeda Adila Batool Muhammad Nawaz Chaudhry college of earth and Environmental science Department of Space Science College of Earth and Environmental Science University of the Punjab Lahore 54600 Pakistan

Background It is a common practice in developing countries that medical/infectious waste openly dumped with municipal solid waste.This paper presented a generation and characterization study of hospital waste.Determination of the waste composition is a basic step for selecting the most efficient treatment method of hospital waste.Methods Stratified random sampling was used to collect the samples of general as well as medical wastes for seven days.Medical waste was sorted into 10 categories whereas general waste was classified into 11 categories.Incineration was observed thoroughly for observing flaws in the incineration process.Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 16.0.Results The studied hospital produced an average 297 kilograms of medical waste daily and it comprises plastics （71.0％）,glass （13.9％）,papers etc.（3.8％）,cotton/dressings （5.7％）,masks/gloves/sheets （0.3％） diapers （0.4％）,wasted machines used in operation theaters （2.0％） and blades （0.1％）.Laboratories,cancer ward,nursery ward,OPD and emergency ward are the largest infectious waste producing departments in the hospital.The hospital produced an average 3 511 kilograms of general waste daily in which organics constitute （44.3％）,diapers etc.（42.8％）,demolition materials （3.7％）,plastic waste mixing medical plastic waste （2.5％）,miscellaneous （2.14％）,cloth/clothes （1.6％）,cardboard （1.3％）,papers （0.8％）,cotton dressings （0.28％）,glass （0.27％） and iron materials （0.18％）.Other alarming facts are：medical waste is recycled in study area,after incineration of hospital waste,ash simply dumped in the premises of the hospital without any liner system.Conclusions The studied hospital produces 10％ of infectious waste and 90％ of general waste.The largest components of the infectious waste are plastic and glass.Organics and diapers are major components of the general waste coming from different sites of the hospital.Lack of training,inadequate knowledge regarding to the composition of the infectious waste and risks associated with the waste are the major issues w

关键词： medical waste characterization open dumping scavenging recycling

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GRACE time-variable gravity and its application to geoscience:Quantitative analysis of relevant literature

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earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第2期7卷 295-309页

作者： Cao Liu WenKe Sun college of earth and Planetary science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)is the most important gravity satellite to date in human history.Since its launch in 2002,GRACE time-varying gravity has had an unprecedented impact on earth science and has generated revolutionary changes.Because of natural phenomena such as climate warming,glacial melting,sea level rise,and earthquakes,earth science research has become an increasingly popular discipline in recent years.This article summarizes the importance of GRACE time-varying gravity,its application to geoscience,and its development.We analyzed the historical development and current status of GRACE time-varying gravity as well as research hotspots by searching the literature in the core collection databases of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Web of science over the past 20 years.The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software packages were applied with reference to the principle of literature metrology.Our investigation and analysis of characteristic indexes,such as the numbers of publications,co-occurrence of keywords,and co-citation of documents,uncovered the wide application and promotion of gravity satellites,especially GRACE time-varying gravity,in earth science.The results showed that the number of publications addressing GRACE data and time-varying gravity theory is increasing annually and that the USA,China,and Germany are the main producers.The Chinese Academy of sciences,the National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States,and the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres rank among the top three institutions in the world in terms of producing the most publications on this topic.We found that GRACE time-varying gravity plays unique roles in measuring changes in terrestrial water storage changes,ice and snow melting and sea level changes,and(co)seismic gravity changes,as well as in promoting other disciplines.

关键词： Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On(GRACE-FO) time-varying gravity bibliometry mass change CiteSpace VOSviewer

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The Petrology, Geochemistry, and Petrogenesis of E-MORB-type Mafic Rocks from the Guomangco Ophiolitic Mélange, Tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1437-1453页

作者： XU Mengjing LI Cai WU Yanwang XIE Chaoming College of Earth Science Jilin University

The Guomangco ophiolitic melange is situated in the middle part of the Shiquanhe- Yongzhu-Jiali ophiolitic melange belt （SYJMB） and possesses all the subunits of a typical Penrose- type ophiolite pseudostratigraphy. The study of the Guomangco ophiolitic melange is very important for investigating the tectonic evolution of the SYJMB. The mafic rocks of this ophiolitic melange mainly include diabases, sillite dikes, and basalts. Geochemical analysis shows that these dikes mostly have E-MORB major and trace element signatures; this is the first time that this has been observed in the SYJMB. The basalts have N-MORB and IAB affinities, and the mineral chemistry of harzburgites shows a composition similar to that of SSZ peridotites, indicating that the Guomangco ophiolitic melange probably originated in a back-arc basin. The Guomangco back-arc basin opened in the Middle Jurassic, which was caused by southward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in central Tibet. The main spreading of this back-arc basin occurred during the Late Jurassic, and the basalts were formed during this time. With the development of the back-arc basin, the subducted slab gradually retreated, and new mantle convection occurred in the mantle wedge. The recycling may have caused the metasomatized mantle to undergo a high degree of partial melting and to generate E- MORBs in the Early Cretaceous. E-MORB-type dikes probably crystallized from melts produced by about 20%-30% partial melting of a spinel mantle source, which was metasomatized by melts from low-degree partial melting of the subducted slab.

关键词： Guomangco ophiolitic melange E-MORB Geochemistry Petrogenesis Tibet

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Late veneer and the origins of volatiles of earth

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第4期41卷 650-664页

作者： Chun-Hui Li International Research Center for Planetary science College of Earth SciencesChengdu University of TechnologyChengduChina

Late veneer is an important paradigm in early earth and planetary studies.It refers to the late addition of extraterrestrial materials to the earth’s mantle after the core formation,which leads to the overabundances of highly siderophile elements in the primitive upper mantle.In this review,the origin,evolution,and expansion of the late veneer hypothesis are summarized,including some unresolved problems.I hope this review would be helpful for the new entrants to this field.

关键词： Highly siderophile elements Late veneer Chondrites Primitive mantle Core formation Volatile elements

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Petrology, Geochemistry and Geochronology of Gabbros from the Zhongcang Ophiolitic Mélange, Central Tibet: Implications for an Intra-Oceanic Subduction Zone within the Neo-Tethys Ocean

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Journal of earth science 2014年第2期25卷 224-240页

作者： Mengjing Xu Cai Li Wei Xu Chaoming Xie Peiyuan Hu Ming Wang College of Earth Science Jilin University

In order to investigate the evolution of Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jiali ophiolitic melange belt, the gabbros from new discovered Zhongcang ophiolitic melange are studied through petrology, whole-rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotope. The gabbros investigated in this paper contain cumulate gabbro and gabbro dike, and they have undergone greenschist-amphibolite facies metamorphism. The chondrite normalized rare earth element （REE） patterns of most of these rocks show flat types with slightly light REE （LREE） depletion and the N-MORB normalized incompatible elements diagrams indicate depletion in high field strength elements （HFSE）（Nb, Ta） and enrichment in large ion lithophile elements （LILE）. These gabbros have island arc and mid-ocean ridge basalt af- finities, suggesting that they were originated in an oceanic back arc basin. Whole rock geochemistry and high positive εNd（t） values show that these gabbros were derived from -30% partial melting of a spinel lherzolite mantle, which was enriched by interaction with slab-derived fluids and melts from sediment. U-Pb analyses of zircons from cumulate gabbro yield a weighted mean age of 114.3±1.4 Ma. Based on our data and previous studies, we propose that an intra-oceanic subduction system and back arc basin operated in the Neo-Tethy Ocean of central Tibet during Middle Jurassic and Early Creta- ceous, resembling modern active intra-oceanic subduction systems in the western Pacific.

关键词： Tibet Zhongcang ophiolitic melange gabbro Shiquanhe-Yongzhu-Jiali ophiolitic me- lange belt geochemistry.

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^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar Thermochronology Constraints on Jurassic Tectonothermal Event of Nyainrong Microcontinent

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Journal of earth science 2014年第1期25卷 98-108页

作者： Chaoming Xie Cai Li Yanwang Wu Ming Wang Peiyuan Hu College of Earth Science Jilin University

To reveal the Jurassic tectonothermal event occurring to the Nyainrong microcontinent which is gripped among the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone,^40Ar/^39Ar dating was carried out on the basement orthogneiss and Jurassic granitc gneiss in the microcontinent. In the heating stage, four sam- pies exhibited a flat plateau age, with the value Tp concentrated in the range of 166-176 Ma; isochron age Ti was concentrated in the range of 165-175 Ma, and their corresponding ages were the consistent within allowable range. The ages should be representative of the era of the final deformation of the Amdo gneiss and cooling emplacement of the magmatic rock in the Jurassic. The geochronological studies have shown that the final deformation of microcontinent crystalline basement and the cooling of the Mesozoic large-scale tectonothermal events occurred in late Middle Jurassic. In Middle Jurassic, Nyainrong microcontinent experienced strong tectonic movement. Combining with the geochronologi- cal with isotope geochemistry for the microcontinent, the cause of the tectonothermal event should be attributed to the collision between the Nyainrong microcontinent and South Qiangtang Block following the northward subduction of Bangong-Nujiang oceanic crust.

关键词： Tibet Plateau Nyainrong microcontinent Jurassic tectonothermal event, ^40Ar/^39Ar thermochronology.

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Petrology, Geochemistry and Tectonic Significance of the Metamorphic Peridotites from Longmuco-Shuanghu Ophiolitic Melange belt, Tibet

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 426-439页

作者： WU Yanwang LI Cai XIE Chaoming WANG Ming HU Peiyuan College of Earth Science Jilin University

Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotite is a firstly reported mantle sequence of ophiolite since Longmuco-Shuanghu-Lancangjiang suture zone （LSLSZ） was proposed, and it is also an important discovered for ophiolite studying in central Qiangtang. Based on detailed analyses of whole-rock geochemistry of Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites and contrast to metamorphic peridotites in typical ophiolites worldwide, the paper investigates their petrogenesis and geological implication. The petrologic results show that the protolith of Taoxinghu metamorphic perdotites have the mineral assemblage and texture characteristic of mantle peridotite. Most metamorphic peridotites hav near global abyssal peridotites major elements contents, while the few is similar to SSZ-type peridotites. They exhibit typically U-shaped REE patterns, characterized by slight enrichment of LREE and HREE relative to MREE and a low fractionated LREE to HREE segment. Trace elements contents are low and all samples are strong enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, weak enrichment in Ba and depletion in Th, but negative Nb anomalies are only observed in few samples. That suggests Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites have depletion mantle and suprasubduction affinities. A two-stage evolution history is considered： Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites originated as the residue from melting at a ridge with 7%-20% degree of fraction melting and were subsequently modified by interaction with mafic melt and aqueous fluid within mantle wedge on subducted zone. Combined with previous studies, we preliminarily propose Taoxinghu metamorphic peridotites may be the Products of initial rifting of palo-Tethys, forming at middle Ordivician-upper Cambrian, and they may be the direct evidences for spreading of palo-Tethys.

关键词： geochemistry metamorphic peridotite Taoxinghu Longmuco-Shuanghu suturezone Tibetan plateau

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Determination of seepage velocity in streambed using temperature record of Russian River, USA

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第3期25卷 388-395页

作者：吴志伟宋汉周霍吉祥 College of Earth Science and Engineering Hohai University

The vertical seepage velocity is an important parameter in the groundwater-surface water （GW-SW） exchange process. It is reported that the periodical fluctuated temperature record of the streambed can be used to determine the seepage velocity. Based on a 1-D flow and heat transport model with a sinusoidal temperature oscillation at the upstream boundary, a new analytical model is built. This analytical model can be used to determine the seepage velocity from the amplitude ratio of the deep and shallow test points. The process of calculation is discussed. The field data are superimposed by multi-periods, so the spectrum analysis and the data filtering are desirable. For the typical seepage medium, the analytical model is effective to compute the seepage velocity between -2 m/d and 6 m/d by using the record of the daily period fluctuation. The temperature time-series analytical model is used to determine the upwards seepage under the condition that the spacing of test points is small （less than 0.2 m）. Lastly, a case study for the Russian River shows that this model is very convenient to determine the temporal changes of the GW-SW exchange.

关键词： temperature record groundwater-surface water （GW-SW） exchange streambed analytical model Russian River

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First Surface-based Estimation of the Aerosol Indirect Effect over a Site in Southeastern China

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2018年第2期35卷 169-181页

作者： Jianjun LIU Zhanqing LI earth System science Interdisciplinary Center University of MarylandCollege Park State Laboratory of earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal University

The deployment of the U.S. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mobile facility in Shouxian from May to December 2008 amassed the most comprehensive set of measurements of atmospheric, surface, aerosol, and cloud variables in China. This deployment provided a unique opportunity to investigate the aerosol-cloud interactions, which are most challenging and, to date, have not been examined to any great degree in China. The relationship between cloud droplet effective radius （CER） and aerosol index （AI） is very weak in summer because the cloud droplet growth is least affected by the competition for water vapor. Mean cloud liquid water path （LWP） and cloud optical depth （COD） significantly increase with increasing AI in fall. The sensitivities of CER and LWP to aerosol loading increases are not significantly different under different air mass conditions. There is a significant correlation between the changes in hourly mean AI and the changes in hourly mean CER, LWP, and COD. The aerosol first indirect effect （FIE） is estimated in terms of relative changes in both CER （FIEcER） and COD （FIEcoD） with changes in AI for different seasons and air masses. FIEcoD and FIEcER are similar in magnitude and close to the typical FIE value of - 0.23, and do not change much between summer and fall or between the two different air mass conditions. Similar analyses were done using spaceborne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. The satellite-derived FIE is contrary to the FIE estimated from surface retrievals and may have large uncertainties due to some inherent limitations.

关键词： ground-based measurements aerosol indirect effect southeastern China

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